Pereira, S, Fillol, J. & Silveira, P. (2015) ´Explicar o Mundo às Crianças: Análise de Espaços No... more Pereira, S, Fillol, J. & Silveira, P. (2015) ´Explicar o Mundo às Crianças: Análise de Espaços Noticiosos Dirigidos ao Público Infantojuvenil`, in Barbalho, A. & Marôpo, L. (eds.) (2015) Infância, Juventude e Mídia: Olhares Luso-Brasileiros, Fortaleza: EdUECE, pp.365-394.
Children's routines are increasingly populated by the media, in its multiple formats and contents... more Children's routines are increasingly populated by the media, in its multiple formats and contents, which are configured as important agents of socialization together with family, school and peer group. There are studies that conclude that this reality presupposes a range of opportunities for those who have the skills to take advantage of media socially, professionally, politically and individually. Other researches indicate potential risks associated with media interaction, especially with regard the Internet usage, like cyberbullying, cyber predators, phishing, Internet Addiction Disorder, misinformation, among others. In this sense, the importance of promoting the development of skills that allow children to be critical actors towards media, but also active participants and creative media producers, is highlighted. The school institutions play a major role in media literacy, especially if we take into account that media are also a source of learning. However, the task of fostering media literacy in school contexts has presented several challenges for the agents involved, specially if we consider the Portuguese context, where there is little investment in teacher training regarding the field of media literacy. It is in this sense that the present research aims to understand the ways in which media education, and especially news literacy, can be integrated into the formal contexts of learning, so as to contribute to the development of media literacy skills among children. According to the action-research methodology, the empirical study was conducted in a school in Braga District, located in northern Portugal, during 2015, weekly, in two Elementary school classes, under the subject of Education for Citizenship, which is an opcional subject in the Portuguese school curriculum. 40 children, with an average age of 10 years old, participated in the research. Its main target was the planning, implementation and evaluation of an intervention project which was divided into three stages: i) diagnosis, ii) action and iii) evaluation. Educational activities that stimulated the interpretation of the media and current events and the development of a critical perspective towards them were carried out, avoiding situations of risk and manipulation and encouraging the use of their potentialities. Pedagogical dynamics promoted the expression, interaction, participation, creativity and the production of media contents from an inclusive and citizen perspective, placing children at the center of the learning process. The results indicate that although children contact media on a daily basis, specially in the family context, their use is passive and not very reflective. Especially with regard to news consumption, although the children reported that they contact with the news almost daily, they showed little predisposition to reflect on the contexts in which the news are published, on its relevance to society, and on the factors that can influence the news production. In this sense, the results highlight the pertinence and relevance of integrating media literacy into school curricula, in order to help young citizens to develop their critical, reflexive and autonomous skills towards the media and the news about the world.
The development of technological and communication platforms generates academic, political and so... more The development of technological and communication platforms generates academic, political and social debates. In the field of Media Studies, there is a special concern with the younger generations, as studies document that they express particular behaviors due to the increased diffusion of digital consumption in their lives (Silveira & Amaral, 2018). In the field of media literacy, news literacy becomes even more relevant today due to the rise of fake news, which is one of the biggest challenges for digital journalism today, because it endangers the truth and instigates misinformation, which could have serious repercussions for society in general and for the youngest more susceptible generations, in particular. Based on these assumptions, this article comprehends and analyses the dynamics of reception of news and social media by university students studying in Portugal, specifically in the Faculty of Design, Technology and Communication – European Unievrsity of Lisbon (in the academic year 2018/2019), located in Lisbon. Through the development of a qualitative methodology, we set to find the participants particular uses of social media for news access and consumption. We intend to define these audiences preference profiles, identify practices, analyse their relationship with the media and find patterns in their use of technology to access information and fake news. The results allow us to conclude that these audiences get their news almost exclusively through online platforms. Some of them distinguish fake news due to format and content, while others share them unknowingly. They seem to rely more on newspaper and TV for reliable sources of information and think that most of fake news are found online. All seem to think that the proliferation of fake news is discrediting journalism and the media in general and both media and citizens should strive to make news literacy a reality for all.
Due to the rise of technological and communication platforms transformations, nowadays media lite... more Due to the rise of technological and communication platforms transformations, nowadays media literacy generates academic, political and social debates. There is a special concern with the younger generations, as studies document that they express particular behaviors due to the increased diffusion of digital consumption into their daily lives [1]. In the field of media literacy, news literacy becomes even more relevant today due to the rise of fake news, which is one of the biggest challenges for digital journalism today, because it endangers the truth and instigates misinformation which could have serious repercussions for society in general and for the youngest more susceptible generations, in particular. Based on these assumptions, this article comprehends and analyses of media and news consumption practices within Portuguese university students, studying in IADE-Universidade Europeia (in the academic year 2018/2019), located in Lisbon. Through the development of focus groups, we set to find the participants particular uses of social media for news access and consumption. We intend to define these audiences preference profiles, identify practices, analyse their relationship with the media and find patterns in their use of technology to access information. A literature review on the topic of news literacy and fake news is presented as an important challenge for the digital age of Journalism, especially with the proliferation of social media websites. We consider this from the point of view of media literacy, as these are key issues, and involve the creation of strategies-in formal and informal contexts-to aid younger generations into developing skills to critically interpret the news and create a reflexive consciousness of the world that goes beyond the view of the world that is proposed by the media and, particularly, digital platforms.
Recent studies document the presence of news in children's daily lives, showing that they are imp... more Recent studies document the presence of news in children's daily lives, showing that they are important for their knowledge of the world and their socialization (Alon-Tirosh & Lemish, 2014, Delorme, 2013; Silveira, 2019). It Portugal, there are few researches on this problematic. For this reason, this article intends to analyse the interactions between the children and the news. Methodologically, this research involved the application of questionnaires and the dynamization of focus groups with children attending primary school, in Paredes (District of Porto). The results show that children follow usually current events, especially within television, with the family, although they show little interest in following these subjects. These audiences wish to follow more interesting and appropriate themes. Given that television is the favourite medium for following the news by the families, and the children, we believe that this study could inform media companies and other agents about aspects to be considered in the development of information spaces designed for the youngest.
In the age of media consumption, digital platforms are part of everyday life and are transforming... more In the age of media consumption, digital platforms are part of everyday life and are transforming audiences' practices (Nielsen, 2014). The patterns of media consumption are increasingly cross-media (Schrøder, 2015). Specially, regarding the younger generations, studies document that they express particular behaviors due to the penetration of digital consumption into their daily life. In order to better understand these practices, these research analyses the media consumption profiles of Portuguese university students using the concept of "media repertoires" by Hasebrink and Popp (2006). Specifically, it is intended to define these audiences preference profiles, identify practices, analyse the relationship with the media and patterns of use of technology to access information. The specific objectives are the following: (i). classify information consumptions; ii). describe media preferences; iii). assess forms of access to information; iv). gauge the type of content consumed in different media; v). identify if there are media consumptions in cross-media; vi). analyse the information consumption practices in social media. The methodological approach to empirical research is operationalised through a quantitative strategy using the questionnaire survey. The sample is of convenience (n = 100), not being statistically representative of the population. Data processing uses descriptive statistical analysis to identify global trends and media consumption profiles. The data reveal that there is uniformity in media consumption in terms of media type and that the mobile devices and social media are very important for the younger generations and are part of their everyday life.
The aim of this research is to understand children`s involvement
with the news, and the impact of... more The aim of this research is to understand children`s involvement with the news, and the impact of general issues on these audiences. In 2014, with the participation of 42 Portuguese children in six focus groups, the research concluded that the nature of children’s involvement with the news is contextualised within the following variables: gender; preferences; life experiences; skills to process issues; forms of exposure and media coverage of events; and family mediation. The data reveal that children frequently watch the news and get involved and excited about these topics. But, the results also reveal that children may feel disturbed when viewing certain problematic events to which they direct their attention mainly as a result of permanent media coverage of such events via shocking images. The latter phenomenon arises even more frequently during moments of crisis and terrorism, imposing the need to focus on media literacy.
RESUMO No contexto atual de transformações sociais e tecnológicas, a escola deve proporcionar mod... more RESUMO No contexto atual de transformações sociais e tecnológicas, a escola deve proporcionar modelos de ensino-aprendizagem que possam auxiliar as crianças a compreender o mundo no qual vivem, e a desenvolver competências de literacia mediática. É com base nesta premissa que desenvolvemos este estudo com o propósito de debater sobre como a escola ajuda as crianças a conhecer o mundo mediato e o imediato. Através da administração de questionários a uma amostra de 690 crianças portuguesas (8-12 anos), os resultados permitem concluir que a escola não integra os assuntos da sociedade e do mundo, na sala de aula, embora as crianças demonstrem o desejo de que estes temas possam ser abordados neste contexto.
As transformações no panorama mediático e as implicações
destas ao nível do uso dos media pelas g... more As transformações no panorama mediático e as implicações destas ao nível do uso dos media pelas gerações mais jovens têm sido objeto de estudo de várias investigações. Os estudos em torno desta problemática documentam que os mais jovens revelam apatia e desinteresse pelas questões “sérias” da sociedade e do mundo, tal como falta de motivação para acompanhar estes assuntos. Assumindo este quadro teórico, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os modos de apropriação que os jovens adultos fazem dos media sociais e de como estes se podem constituir como veículos para o acompanhamento da atualidade, o desenvolvimento de competências de literacia mediática e a participação cívica. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esta investigação envolveu a realização de quatro grupos de foco junto de 24 jovens universitários das zonas de Coimbra e de Lisboa, provenientes de distintos contextos familiares e sociais. As principais conclusões revelam um consumo passivo e quase exclusivo de informação online, ceticismo e descrença em relação aos media tradicionais, desconfiança nos media digitais, generalização da ideia de “notícia falsa”, envolvimento cívico muito reduzido e descrença na relevância da participação ativa, e perceção de que os mais jovens não são públicos da notícia.
The transformations in the media landscape and their implications for the use of the media by the... more The transformations in the media landscape and their implications for the use of the media by the younger generations have been the object of study of several researches. Several studies on this problematic argue that young people are apathetic and have lack of interest in the "serious" issues of society and the world, such as lack of motivation to follow up on these topics. Assuming this theoretical framework, this paper aims to understand the ways of appropriation that young adults do of social media and how these can be as means for monitoring current events, as well as developing media literacy and civic participation. Through a qualitative methodology were conducted four focus groups with 24 Portuguese university students from different family and social backgrounds. The main conclusions reveal a passive and almost exclusive consumption of online information, scepticism and disbelief in relation to traditional media, distrust of digital media, generalization of the idea of "fake news", very reduced civic engagement and disbelief in the relevance of active participation, and perception that the younger generations are not real audiences of the news.
Resumo: Nesta comunicação apresentamos resultados parciais de um estudo exploratório desenvolvido... more Resumo: Nesta comunicação apresentamos resultados parciais de um estudo exploratório desenvolvido com estudantes universitários portugueses com o objetivo de identificar os seus discursos e o sentimento de pertença sobre a União Europeia. Aferimos uma ligação à identidade europeia essencialmente centrada nas questões geográfica e económica. Os resultados permitem inferir um desfasamento quanto à realidade do funcionamento da União Europeia e um sentimento de pertença a uma identidade nacional associada a hábitos e costumes. A participação cívica e política nas esferas nacional e europeia é muito reduzida. Palavras-Chave: identidade europeia. construção identitária. representações mediáticas.
This paper intends to present the methodological procedure of an ongoing PhD
research, whose stud... more This paper intends to present the methodological procedure of an ongoing PhD research, whose study object is the children and their representations about current events and the world. From a theoretical framework that builds on the sociology of childhood, we support the idea of child as competent and creative in the construc‑ tion of their own meanings about reality and as subjects of the research process. At the same time, we look at news media as an important reference to the ways children know the world, considering that it is essential that they develop news li‑ teracy skills. Based on these assumptions, we use the account to participatory thods in leading focus groups with children, in order to put them in an autonomous and creative relationship with current events and to enable them to adopt a critical stance about the ways of understanding the world proposed by the media.
Keywords: Children, current events, news literacy, participation rights, participatory methods
Este artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a relação entre jornalismo e produção do conhecimen... more Este artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a relação entre jornalismo e produção do conhecimento, partindo de um conjunto de disposições que, sob a influência da fenomenologia, permitem desenvolver uma “teoria da comunicação aplicada aos media jornalísticos” (Correia, 2009:1). Neste sentido, analisamos a relevância do jornalismo para a apreensão do quotidiano e do mundo, com base no desdobramento da noção de construção social da realidade. Esta visão construcionista possibilitou o abandono da perspetiva objetivista, que limitava os efeitos sociais dos media a questões de ordem comportamental, em prol do reconhecimento do papel da comunicação mediática para a cognição social.
Pereira, S, Fillol, J. & Silveira, P. (2015) ´Explicar o Mundo às Crianças: Análise de Espaços No... more Pereira, S, Fillol, J. & Silveira, P. (2015) ´Explicar o Mundo às Crianças: Análise de Espaços Noticiosos Dirigidos ao Público Infantojuvenil`, in Barbalho, A. & Marôpo, L. (eds.) (2015) Infância, Juventude e Mídia: Olhares Luso-Brasileiros, Fortaleza: EdUECE, pp.365-394.
Children's routines are increasingly populated by the media, in its multiple formats and contents... more Children's routines are increasingly populated by the media, in its multiple formats and contents, which are configured as important agents of socialization together with family, school and peer group. There are studies that conclude that this reality presupposes a range of opportunities for those who have the skills to take advantage of media socially, professionally, politically and individually. Other researches indicate potential risks associated with media interaction, especially with regard the Internet usage, like cyberbullying, cyber predators, phishing, Internet Addiction Disorder, misinformation, among others. In this sense, the importance of promoting the development of skills that allow children to be critical actors towards media, but also active participants and creative media producers, is highlighted. The school institutions play a major role in media literacy, especially if we take into account that media are also a source of learning. However, the task of fostering media literacy in school contexts has presented several challenges for the agents involved, specially if we consider the Portuguese context, where there is little investment in teacher training regarding the field of media literacy. It is in this sense that the present research aims to understand the ways in which media education, and especially news literacy, can be integrated into the formal contexts of learning, so as to contribute to the development of media literacy skills among children. According to the action-research methodology, the empirical study was conducted in a school in Braga District, located in northern Portugal, during 2015, weekly, in two Elementary school classes, under the subject of Education for Citizenship, which is an opcional subject in the Portuguese school curriculum. 40 children, with an average age of 10 years old, participated in the research. Its main target was the planning, implementation and evaluation of an intervention project which was divided into three stages: i) diagnosis, ii) action and iii) evaluation. Educational activities that stimulated the interpretation of the media and current events and the development of a critical perspective towards them were carried out, avoiding situations of risk and manipulation and encouraging the use of their potentialities. Pedagogical dynamics promoted the expression, interaction, participation, creativity and the production of media contents from an inclusive and citizen perspective, placing children at the center of the learning process. The results indicate that although children contact media on a daily basis, specially in the family context, their use is passive and not very reflective. Especially with regard to news consumption, although the children reported that they contact with the news almost daily, they showed little predisposition to reflect on the contexts in which the news are published, on its relevance to society, and on the factors that can influence the news production. In this sense, the results highlight the pertinence and relevance of integrating media literacy into school curricula, in order to help young citizens to develop their critical, reflexive and autonomous skills towards the media and the news about the world.
The development of technological and communication platforms generates academic, political and so... more The development of technological and communication platforms generates academic, political and social debates. In the field of Media Studies, there is a special concern with the younger generations, as studies document that they express particular behaviors due to the increased diffusion of digital consumption in their lives (Silveira & Amaral, 2018). In the field of media literacy, news literacy becomes even more relevant today due to the rise of fake news, which is one of the biggest challenges for digital journalism today, because it endangers the truth and instigates misinformation, which could have serious repercussions for society in general and for the youngest more susceptible generations, in particular. Based on these assumptions, this article comprehends and analyses the dynamics of reception of news and social media by university students studying in Portugal, specifically in the Faculty of Design, Technology and Communication – European Unievrsity of Lisbon (in the academic year 2018/2019), located in Lisbon. Through the development of a qualitative methodology, we set to find the participants particular uses of social media for news access and consumption. We intend to define these audiences preference profiles, identify practices, analyse their relationship with the media and find patterns in their use of technology to access information and fake news. The results allow us to conclude that these audiences get their news almost exclusively through online platforms. Some of them distinguish fake news due to format and content, while others share them unknowingly. They seem to rely more on newspaper and TV for reliable sources of information and think that most of fake news are found online. All seem to think that the proliferation of fake news is discrediting journalism and the media in general and both media and citizens should strive to make news literacy a reality for all.
Due to the rise of technological and communication platforms transformations, nowadays media lite... more Due to the rise of technological and communication platforms transformations, nowadays media literacy generates academic, political and social debates. There is a special concern with the younger generations, as studies document that they express particular behaviors due to the increased diffusion of digital consumption into their daily lives [1]. In the field of media literacy, news literacy becomes even more relevant today due to the rise of fake news, which is one of the biggest challenges for digital journalism today, because it endangers the truth and instigates misinformation which could have serious repercussions for society in general and for the youngest more susceptible generations, in particular. Based on these assumptions, this article comprehends and analyses of media and news consumption practices within Portuguese university students, studying in IADE-Universidade Europeia (in the academic year 2018/2019), located in Lisbon. Through the development of focus groups, we set to find the participants particular uses of social media for news access and consumption. We intend to define these audiences preference profiles, identify practices, analyse their relationship with the media and find patterns in their use of technology to access information. A literature review on the topic of news literacy and fake news is presented as an important challenge for the digital age of Journalism, especially with the proliferation of social media websites. We consider this from the point of view of media literacy, as these are key issues, and involve the creation of strategies-in formal and informal contexts-to aid younger generations into developing skills to critically interpret the news and create a reflexive consciousness of the world that goes beyond the view of the world that is proposed by the media and, particularly, digital platforms.
Recent studies document the presence of news in children's daily lives, showing that they are imp... more Recent studies document the presence of news in children's daily lives, showing that they are important for their knowledge of the world and their socialization (Alon-Tirosh & Lemish, 2014, Delorme, 2013; Silveira, 2019). It Portugal, there are few researches on this problematic. For this reason, this article intends to analyse the interactions between the children and the news. Methodologically, this research involved the application of questionnaires and the dynamization of focus groups with children attending primary school, in Paredes (District of Porto). The results show that children follow usually current events, especially within television, with the family, although they show little interest in following these subjects. These audiences wish to follow more interesting and appropriate themes. Given that television is the favourite medium for following the news by the families, and the children, we believe that this study could inform media companies and other agents about aspects to be considered in the development of information spaces designed for the youngest.
In the age of media consumption, digital platforms are part of everyday life and are transforming... more In the age of media consumption, digital platforms are part of everyday life and are transforming audiences' practices (Nielsen, 2014). The patterns of media consumption are increasingly cross-media (Schrøder, 2015). Specially, regarding the younger generations, studies document that they express particular behaviors due to the penetration of digital consumption into their daily life. In order to better understand these practices, these research analyses the media consumption profiles of Portuguese university students using the concept of "media repertoires" by Hasebrink and Popp (2006). Specifically, it is intended to define these audiences preference profiles, identify practices, analyse the relationship with the media and patterns of use of technology to access information. The specific objectives are the following: (i). classify information consumptions; ii). describe media preferences; iii). assess forms of access to information; iv). gauge the type of content consumed in different media; v). identify if there are media consumptions in cross-media; vi). analyse the information consumption practices in social media. The methodological approach to empirical research is operationalised through a quantitative strategy using the questionnaire survey. The sample is of convenience (n = 100), not being statistically representative of the population. Data processing uses descriptive statistical analysis to identify global trends and media consumption profiles. The data reveal that there is uniformity in media consumption in terms of media type and that the mobile devices and social media are very important for the younger generations and are part of their everyday life.
The aim of this research is to understand children`s involvement
with the news, and the impact of... more The aim of this research is to understand children`s involvement with the news, and the impact of general issues on these audiences. In 2014, with the participation of 42 Portuguese children in six focus groups, the research concluded that the nature of children’s involvement with the news is contextualised within the following variables: gender; preferences; life experiences; skills to process issues; forms of exposure and media coverage of events; and family mediation. The data reveal that children frequently watch the news and get involved and excited about these topics. But, the results also reveal that children may feel disturbed when viewing certain problematic events to which they direct their attention mainly as a result of permanent media coverage of such events via shocking images. The latter phenomenon arises even more frequently during moments of crisis and terrorism, imposing the need to focus on media literacy.
RESUMO No contexto atual de transformações sociais e tecnológicas, a escola deve proporcionar mod... more RESUMO No contexto atual de transformações sociais e tecnológicas, a escola deve proporcionar modelos de ensino-aprendizagem que possam auxiliar as crianças a compreender o mundo no qual vivem, e a desenvolver competências de literacia mediática. É com base nesta premissa que desenvolvemos este estudo com o propósito de debater sobre como a escola ajuda as crianças a conhecer o mundo mediato e o imediato. Através da administração de questionários a uma amostra de 690 crianças portuguesas (8-12 anos), os resultados permitem concluir que a escola não integra os assuntos da sociedade e do mundo, na sala de aula, embora as crianças demonstrem o desejo de que estes temas possam ser abordados neste contexto.
As transformações no panorama mediático e as implicações
destas ao nível do uso dos media pelas g... more As transformações no panorama mediático e as implicações destas ao nível do uso dos media pelas gerações mais jovens têm sido objeto de estudo de várias investigações. Os estudos em torno desta problemática documentam que os mais jovens revelam apatia e desinteresse pelas questões “sérias” da sociedade e do mundo, tal como falta de motivação para acompanhar estes assuntos. Assumindo este quadro teórico, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os modos de apropriação que os jovens adultos fazem dos media sociais e de como estes se podem constituir como veículos para o acompanhamento da atualidade, o desenvolvimento de competências de literacia mediática e a participação cívica. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esta investigação envolveu a realização de quatro grupos de foco junto de 24 jovens universitários das zonas de Coimbra e de Lisboa, provenientes de distintos contextos familiares e sociais. As principais conclusões revelam um consumo passivo e quase exclusivo de informação online, ceticismo e descrença em relação aos media tradicionais, desconfiança nos media digitais, generalização da ideia de “notícia falsa”, envolvimento cívico muito reduzido e descrença na relevância da participação ativa, e perceção de que os mais jovens não são públicos da notícia.
The transformations in the media landscape and their implications for the use of the media by the... more The transformations in the media landscape and their implications for the use of the media by the younger generations have been the object of study of several researches. Several studies on this problematic argue that young people are apathetic and have lack of interest in the "serious" issues of society and the world, such as lack of motivation to follow up on these topics. Assuming this theoretical framework, this paper aims to understand the ways of appropriation that young adults do of social media and how these can be as means for monitoring current events, as well as developing media literacy and civic participation. Through a qualitative methodology were conducted four focus groups with 24 Portuguese university students from different family and social backgrounds. The main conclusions reveal a passive and almost exclusive consumption of online information, scepticism and disbelief in relation to traditional media, distrust of digital media, generalization of the idea of "fake news", very reduced civic engagement and disbelief in the relevance of active participation, and perception that the younger generations are not real audiences of the news.
Resumo: Nesta comunicação apresentamos resultados parciais de um estudo exploratório desenvolvido... more Resumo: Nesta comunicação apresentamos resultados parciais de um estudo exploratório desenvolvido com estudantes universitários portugueses com o objetivo de identificar os seus discursos e o sentimento de pertença sobre a União Europeia. Aferimos uma ligação à identidade europeia essencialmente centrada nas questões geográfica e económica. Os resultados permitem inferir um desfasamento quanto à realidade do funcionamento da União Europeia e um sentimento de pertença a uma identidade nacional associada a hábitos e costumes. A participação cívica e política nas esferas nacional e europeia é muito reduzida. Palavras-Chave: identidade europeia. construção identitária. representações mediáticas.
This paper intends to present the methodological procedure of an ongoing PhD
research, whose stud... more This paper intends to present the methodological procedure of an ongoing PhD research, whose study object is the children and their representations about current events and the world. From a theoretical framework that builds on the sociology of childhood, we support the idea of child as competent and creative in the construc‑ tion of their own meanings about reality and as subjects of the research process. At the same time, we look at news media as an important reference to the ways children know the world, considering that it is essential that they develop news li‑ teracy skills. Based on these assumptions, we use the account to participatory thods in leading focus groups with children, in order to put them in an autonomous and creative relationship with current events and to enable them to adopt a critical stance about the ways of understanding the world proposed by the media.
Keywords: Children, current events, news literacy, participation rights, participatory methods
Este artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a relação entre jornalismo e produção do conhecimen... more Este artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre a relação entre jornalismo e produção do conhecimento, partindo de um conjunto de disposições que, sob a influência da fenomenologia, permitem desenvolver uma “teoria da comunicação aplicada aos media jornalísticos” (Correia, 2009:1). Neste sentido, analisamos a relevância do jornalismo para a apreensão do quotidiano e do mundo, com base no desdobramento da noção de construção social da realidade. Esta visão construcionista possibilitou o abandono da perspetiva objetivista, que limitava os efeitos sociais dos media a questões de ordem comportamental, em prol do reconhecimento do papel da comunicação mediática para a cognição social.
This work falls within the scope of the activity One Day with the Media, a portuguese initiative ... more This work falls within the scope of the activity One Day with the Media, a portuguese initiative which intended to raise awareness of the population to the importance of the media in their daily lives. The journey was addressed to all citizens and coincided with the World Press Freedom Day celebration (3 May), and the 30th anniversary of Grünwald Declaration on Media Education. This paper aims to get to know one of the tasks undertaken in a doctoral thesis, in progress at University of Minho (Portugal), which intends to understand how children make sense of the world, considering that the media are the main drivers of information and constructors of social reality. Our main objective was to understand the connection between children and news, not only in terms of knowledge and perception of content, but also putting them in a perspective of potencial producers and evaluaters of news discourse. For this, we set three specific issues included in a global theme, around which children had to develop a short text: What do you think about information? If you were a journalist, what choices would you do? How do you assess the information? We chose to work with a class of the 4th year (primary school), from a public school. We concluded that children have little interest in news, although they know the main issues aired in the media, especially in television. In general, persists the idea that the media portray negative themes, as the economic crisis. Children consider that journalists should choose to bring out more positive news for citizens. Journalists` work is recognized, and these are often associated with hard-working heroes who seek the truth, sometimes risking their life, in favor of information.
Keywords: News, Children, Participation, Media literacy.
Estudios recientes demuestran que los más jóvenes pasan una media de cuatro horas diarias delante... more Estudios recientes demuestran que los más jóvenes pasan una media de cuatro horas diarias delante de algún tipo de pantalla. Los medios de comunicación adquieren un gran protagonismo en nuestros días como agentes de socialización, especialmente durante los primeros años de vida. Al permitir el contacto y el acercamiento de los menores a la realidad social a través de los contenidos audiovisuales, los medios inciden inevitablemente en la comprensión y el conocimiento de aquello que nos rodea. De este modo, constituyen mecanismos que intereren directamente en los modos de entender la realidad, desempeñando un papel central en la formación cognitiva, social y afectiva de los más pequeños. Este abstract plantea algunas de las reexiones más signicativas obtenidas a partir de la puesta en marcha de grupos de discusión con unos 70 menores de diferentes nacionalidades con el objetivo de estudiar las preferencias y el tipo de contenidos audiovisuales que consumen, de manera frecuente, los más pequeños de la casa. Nos interesa destacar especialmente algunas de las características más llamativas que se han visto en las sesiones de trabajo realizadas en la Universidade do Minho, en el marco de una investigación de carácter internacional entre España y Portugal, en las que han participado menores portugueses entre 5 y 6 años, alumnos y alumnas del Colexio Sagrada Familia (Rúa Sá de Miranda, Braga).Entre las conclusiones extraídas del trabajo empírico, reforzadas también por algunos de los resultados de investigaciones y estudios precedentes, en los niños portugueses se evidencia una facilidad especial de acceso a programas o series televisivas dirigidas a un público adulto, así como sus preferencias maniestas sobre este tipo de contenidos frente a los dibujos, las películas de animación o incluso el propio desarrollo del deporte o los juegos en la calle.
Palabras clave: audiencia infantil, medios de comunicación, grupos de discusión, telenovelas portuguesas, Rosa Fogo.
Estudos recentes demonstram que os media fazem parte do quoti-diano das crianças, desde muito ced... more Estudos recentes demonstram que os media fazem parte do quoti-diano das crianças, desde muito cedo. Sobretudo a televisão e as novas tecnologias encontram-se entre as preferências das crianças, no que se refere à ocupação dos tempos de lazer. Verifica-se, assim, um interes-se crescente em estudar as formas de acesso e uso que os mais jovens estabelecem com estes meios, porém, no que diz respeito à ligação aos conteúdos, especialmente às notícias, as pesquisas são escassas e, em muitos casos, limitadas à preocupação com os seus efeitos. Neste âmbito, é necessário que se desenvolvam pesquisas que optem por linhas de investigação que promovam os direitos das crianças na sua relação com as notícias. Considerar as opiniões destes públicos sobre questões que a todos dizem respeito, mais do que reconhecer o seu estatuto social como cidadãos, é tornar real a oportunidade de fazerem parte da esfera pública. Ao mesmo tempo, envolver e despertar as crianças para as notícias, constitui-se como um importante passo para a consciencialização e incentivo à reflexão crítica sobre os media. Este trabalho pretende dar a conhecer o estado da arte e a pro-posta metodológica de uma investigação em curso, que tem como objeto de estudo debater sobre o modo como as crianças representam a atualidade. Partindo das suas vozes, esperamos compreender que sentidos são construídos em torno das notícias, olhando para os media noticiosos como importantes mediadores e construtores de um ambiente simbólico. Metodologicamente, optamos pela conjugação de técnicas quantitativas (questionário) e qualitativas (grupos focais) , definindo como público do estudo um grupo de crianças portuguesas a frequentar o ensino primário. Deste modo, esperamos enriquecer os debates teóricos nesta área, introduzir resultados relevantes sobre o papel das notícias na vida das crianças, e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias no âmbito da literacia para a informação.
O presente artigo propõe refletir sobre a importância de atender à complementaridade entre os amb... more O presente artigo propõe refletir sobre a importância de atender à complementaridade entre os ambientes familiar e escolar, tendo em vista a promoção da Educação para os Media no contexto da infância. Num panorama de acentuada evolução tecnológica e de um contato quotidiano com conteúdos mediáticos por parte das crianças, é fundamental a criação de ferramentas e instrumentos que traduzam na prática, para a sociedade, os resultados e os conhecimentos teóricos das investigações académicas. Com efeito, a realidade portuguesa, quando comparada com outros países como o Canadá ou o Reino Unido, apresenta escassez de materiais que promovam a Literacia Mediática. Neste sentido, o nosso procedimento metodológico envolveu a recolha e análise da informação e das iniciativas desenvolvidas em Portugal e a realização de um modelo teórico que identifica as competências fundamentais para a formação de cidadãos críticos autónomos e participativos, representando assim uma proposta de leitura de Literacia Mediática. Partindo deste modelo e dos seus vários indicadores, criamos um manual de boas práticas em Educação para os Media: Tratar os media por tu, para crianças do 1º ao 3º ciclo. Este instrumento propõe várias atividades lúdicas, num formato próximo do jogo, que abrangem 25 temáticas relativas à Educação para os Media, entre as quais, o cyberbullying, o mundo das notícias, a blogosfera e a publicidade. O principal objetivo é promover a aquisição de competências críticas face aos media, tanto no contexto escolar como familiar, em situação de complementaridade.
Palavras-Chave: Educação para os Media - Crianças - Escola - Família - Competências Mediáticas
The relationship between children and the news has been centered on the contribution
of the latte... more The relationship between children and the news has been centered on the contribution of the latter to the socialization of the first, showing that current events are present in the daily lives of the younger, even if children show little or no interest in these matters (Alon-Tirosh & Lemish, 2014; Delorme, 2013; Molen & Konijn, 2007). In the portuguese context, this issue has not been sufficiently studied, so we developed a study in order to understand and discuss ways of access and news consumption by children, but also on how the news help them know the world globally and the most immediate world, concerning the contexts in which they live. The study focuses on the perspective of the public, in particular on their interests and motivations in news media consumption, and the perceptions they develop on these issues. Methodologically, this research started with the application of questionnaires to a sample of 690 children (from 8 to 12 years) attending the 4th grade of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education (in the academic year 2013/2014) in the municipality of Paredes, in northern Portugal. In a second phase we carried out focus interviews with six groups in a total of 42 children, selected from the participants in the survey by questionnaire. We gave voice to children, such as advocated by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN), which gives children the right to express their opinions and viewpoints on issues concerning every citizens. The results show that the involvement of the younger public with the news is contextualized in terms of socio-demographic variables, family background and the type of mediation that occurs there, but also the interests and personal experiences and the forms of media coverage of news. Children contact with the current events together with family members, but do not show much interest in following the news of those issues as they consider them structured "to adults. . Children thrill with the news, create perceptions about information and the world. News is seen as a reference to know that world, but children express their preference for appropriate news, not only to their interests but also to their understanding capabilities. The results indicate that the family is one of the variables that most influence in access to and consumption of news and that the school generally doesn`t assume an active role in the discussion of these issues.The dialogue with adults about the news boosts the pleasure for information and for the world and helps children understand on the one hand, the most "serious” themes of society and on the other hand, to manage the impact and concerns arising from the contact with certain issues. From the point of view of media literacy, these are key issues, insofar as they involve the fulfillment of strategies - in formal and informal context - for children to develop skills to critically interpret the meanings and deal with the emotions that arise from the exposure to certain news and, at the same time, enable them to create a reflexive consciousness of the world that goes beyond the view of the world that is proposed by the media.
Keywords: children; perception; news media; media; current events; world; participation; media literacy.
APRESENTAÇÃO O modo como a Geração Z socializa e aprende sobre o mundo tem sofrido alterações sig... more APRESENTAÇÃO O modo como a Geração Z socializa e aprende sobre o mundo tem sofrido alterações significativas na última década. Se, antes do boom tecnológico, os mais jovens construíam os seus significados sobre o mundo através de processos de socialização entre pares, hoje, essa e outras relações são mediadas por dispositivos tecnológicos de última geração, a que têm acesso desde muito cedo. Estar nas redes sociais, partilhar fotografias do quotidiano, pesquisar e assistir a vídeos em páginas online, e seguir novas tendências, tornaram-se atividades integradas no quotidiano dos mais jovens. A par da família, da escola e dos amigos, os media digitais tornaram-se elementos integrantes da vida das novas gerações, contituindo também os seus "mundos" e o modo como compreendem a realidade. E se esta relação pode ser vantajosa, não é menos verdade que o uso excessivo e, em muitos casos, sem controlo, dos media pode acarretar consequências para os mais pequenos (exemplo disso são os casos de dependência da Internet com consequências para a saúde, o cyberbulling ou o roubo de identidade). É no sentido de procurar maximizar os benefícios e minimizar os prejuízos decorrentes dos usos dos media que a literacia mediática-aspeto central deste Manual-faz sentido enquanto procura potenciar o desenvolvimento de competências que permitam que as novas gerações possam lidar com os media e as suas mensagens de forma saudável, esclarecedora e crítica. Crê-se que uma aposta consistente na literacia mediática resultará em cidadãos mais informados e participativos no mundo, podendo contribuir de forma significativa para o seu país e a comunidade em que se inserem. Destinado a servir de apoio ao conhecimento e ao desenvolvimento de uma visao crítica sobre o "mundo dos media" e dos públicos, este Manual organiza-se em duas partes, tendo como pano de fundo a problematização de um conjunto de questões em torno desses momentos: numa primeira parte-OS MEDIA E A COMUNICAÇÃO-traçam-se questões introdutórias ligadas ao contexto dos Media e da Comunicação, procurando enquadrar as problemáticas apresentadas na sua relação com os direitos e o exercício da cidadania pelos mais jovens. Na segunda parte-ALGUMAS IDEIAS SOBRE LITERACIA MEDIÁTICA-apresenta-se e contextualiza-se as principais questões ligadas ao tema da literacia e dos media, demarcando-se importantes contextos de atuação neste âmbito, representados pelos ambientes familiar e escolar.
Pinto, M., Pereira, S. e Brites, M.J. (Orgs.) (2015) Os Media e a Crise dos Refugiados. Braga: Ce... more Pinto, M., Pereira, S. e Brites, M.J. (Orgs.) (2015) Os Media e a Crise dos Refugiados. Braga: Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade (CECS), Universidade do Minho. ISBN: 978-989-8600-47-9 URL: http://www.lasics.uminho.pt/ojs/index.php/cecs_ebooks/issue/view/184
Nas últimas décadas, têm sido vários os estudos que documentam a importância das notícias na vida... more Nas últimas décadas, têm sido vários os estudos que documentam a importância das notícias na vida dos públicos mais jovens, argumentando sobre a presença da atualidade na sua socialização e na construção de significados sobre o mundo. No contexto português, são ainda escassas as pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre esta problemática, particularmente no que concerne ao universo das crianças. É nesse sentido que esta obra analisa e debate sobre as formas de acesso e de consumo de notícias, por crianças portuguesas a frequentar o 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Incidindo particularmente sobre como os tópicos da atualidade mediática ajudam estes públicos a apreender e a assimilar o mundo global e o mundo imediato, coloca-se a tónica na receção noticiosa e na ideia de público como sujeito. Com base em metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas, conclui-se que a natureza do envolvimento dos públicos mais novos com as notícias é contextualizada em função de variáveis sociodemográficas, do background familiar e do tipo de mediação que aí se pratica, dos interesses e experiências pessoais, e das formas de exposição mediática. É de salientar que as crianças contactam habitualmente com a atualidade em momentos de reunião familiar, embora demonstrem pouco interesse nos tópicos apresentados. Os resultados evidenciam que a informação noticiosa é vista como referência para conhecer o mundo e que o diálogo com os adultos pode ser um elemento impulsionador do gosto pela informação e um auxiliar fundamental na compreensão das notícias.
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These audiences wish to follow more interesting and appropriate themes. Given that television is the favourite medium for following the news by the families, and the children, we believe that this study could inform media companies and other agents about aspects to be considered in the development of information spaces designed for the youngest.
with the news, and the impact of general issues on these audiences.
In 2014, with the participation of 42 Portuguese children in
six focus groups, the research concluded that the nature of children’s
involvement with the news is contextualised within the
following variables: gender; preferences; life experiences; skills to
process issues; forms of exposure and media coverage of events;
and family mediation. The data reveal that children frequently
watch the news and get involved and excited about these topics.
But, the results also reveal that children may feel disturbed when
viewing certain problematic events to which they direct their
attention mainly as a result of permanent media coverage of
such events via shocking images. The latter phenomenon arises
even more frequently during moments of crisis and terrorism,
imposing the need to focus on media literacy.
destas ao nível do uso dos media pelas gerações
mais jovens têm sido objeto de estudo de várias
investigações. Os estudos em torno desta problemática
documentam que os mais jovens revelam
apatia e desinteresse pelas questões “sérias” da sociedade
e do mundo, tal como falta de motivação para
acompanhar estes assuntos. Assumindo este quadro
teórico, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender
os modos de apropriação que os jovens adultos fazem
dos media sociais e de como estes se podem
constituir como veículos para o acompanhamento da
atualidade, o desenvolvimento de competências de
literacia mediática e a participação cívica. Do ponto
de vista metodológico, esta investigação envolveu a
realização de quatro grupos de foco junto de 24 jovens
universitários das zonas de Coimbra e de Lisboa,
provenientes de distintos contextos familiares e
sociais. As principais conclusões revelam um consumo
passivo e quase exclusivo de informação online,
ceticismo e descrença em relação aos media
tradicionais, desconfiança nos media digitais, generalização
da ideia de “notícia falsa”, envolvimento
cívico muito reduzido e descrença na relevância da
participação ativa, e perceção de que os mais jovens
não são públicos da notícia.
research, whose study object is the children and their representations about current
events and the world. From a theoretical framework that builds on the sociology of
childhood, we support the idea of child as competent and creative in the construc‑
tion of their own meanings about reality and as subjects of the research process.
At the same time, we look at news media as an important reference to the ways
children know the world, considering that it is essential that they develop news li‑
teracy skills. Based on these assumptions, we use the account to participatory thods in leading focus groups with children, in order to put them in an autonomous
and creative relationship with current events and to enable them to adopt a critical
stance about the ways of understanding the world proposed by the media.
Keywords: Children, current events, news literacy, participation rights, participatory
methods
These audiences wish to follow more interesting and appropriate themes. Given that television is the favourite medium for following the news by the families, and the children, we believe that this study could inform media companies and other agents about aspects to be considered in the development of information spaces designed for the youngest.
with the news, and the impact of general issues on these audiences.
In 2014, with the participation of 42 Portuguese children in
six focus groups, the research concluded that the nature of children’s
involvement with the news is contextualised within the
following variables: gender; preferences; life experiences; skills to
process issues; forms of exposure and media coverage of events;
and family mediation. The data reveal that children frequently
watch the news and get involved and excited about these topics.
But, the results also reveal that children may feel disturbed when
viewing certain problematic events to which they direct their
attention mainly as a result of permanent media coverage of
such events via shocking images. The latter phenomenon arises
even more frequently during moments of crisis and terrorism,
imposing the need to focus on media literacy.
destas ao nível do uso dos media pelas gerações
mais jovens têm sido objeto de estudo de várias
investigações. Os estudos em torno desta problemática
documentam que os mais jovens revelam
apatia e desinteresse pelas questões “sérias” da sociedade
e do mundo, tal como falta de motivação para
acompanhar estes assuntos. Assumindo este quadro
teórico, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender
os modos de apropriação que os jovens adultos fazem
dos media sociais e de como estes se podem
constituir como veículos para o acompanhamento da
atualidade, o desenvolvimento de competências de
literacia mediática e a participação cívica. Do ponto
de vista metodológico, esta investigação envolveu a
realização de quatro grupos de foco junto de 24 jovens
universitários das zonas de Coimbra e de Lisboa,
provenientes de distintos contextos familiares e
sociais. As principais conclusões revelam um consumo
passivo e quase exclusivo de informação online,
ceticismo e descrença em relação aos media
tradicionais, desconfiança nos media digitais, generalização
da ideia de “notícia falsa”, envolvimento
cívico muito reduzido e descrença na relevância da
participação ativa, e perceção de que os mais jovens
não são públicos da notícia.
research, whose study object is the children and their representations about current
events and the world. From a theoretical framework that builds on the sociology of
childhood, we support the idea of child as competent and creative in the construc‑
tion of their own meanings about reality and as subjects of the research process.
At the same time, we look at news media as an important reference to the ways
children know the world, considering that it is essential that they develop news li‑
teracy skills. Based on these assumptions, we use the account to participatory thods in leading focus groups with children, in order to put them in an autonomous
and creative relationship with current events and to enable them to adopt a critical
stance about the ways of understanding the world proposed by the media.
Keywords: Children, current events, news literacy, participation rights, participatory
methods
citizens and coincided with the World Press Freedom Day celebration (3 May), and the 30th anniversary of Grünwald Declaration on Media Education. This paper aims to get to know one of the tasks undertaken in a doctoral thesis, in
progress at University of Minho (Portugal), which intends to understand how children make sense of the world, considering that the media are the main drivers of information and constructors of social reality. Our main objective was
to understand the connection between children and news, not only in terms of knowledge and perception of content, but also putting them in a perspective of potencial producers and evaluaters of news discourse. For this, we set three
specific issues included in a global theme, around which children had to develop a short text: What do you think about information? If you were a journalist, what choices would you do? How do you assess the information? We chose to work with a class of the 4th year (primary school), from a public
school. We concluded that children have little interest in news, although they
know the main issues aired in the media, especially in television. In general,
persists the idea that the media portray negative themes, as the economic
crisis. Children consider that journalists should choose to bring out more
positive news for citizens. Journalists` work is recognized, and these are often
associated with hard-working heroes who seek the truth, sometimes risking
their life, in favor of information.
Keywords: News, Children, Participation, Media literacy.
de aquello que nos rodea. De este modo, constituyen mecanismos que intereren directamente en los modos de entender
la realidad, desempeñando un papel central en la formación cognitiva, social y afectiva de los más pequeños.
Este abstract plantea algunas de las reexiones más signicativas obtenidas a partir de la puesta en marcha de grupos
de discusión con unos 70 menores de diferentes nacionalidades con el objetivo de estudiar las preferencias y el tipo de contenidos audiovisuales que consumen, de manera frecuente, los más pequeños de la casa. Nos interesa destacar especialmente algunas de las características más llamativas que se han visto en las sesiones de trabajo realizadas en la Universidade do Minho, en el marco de una investigación de carácter internacional entre España y Portugal, en las que han participado menores portugueses entre 5 y 6 años, alumnos y alumnas del Colexio Sagrada Familia (Rúa Sá de Miranda, Braga).Entre las conclusiones extraídas del trabajo empírico, reforzadas también por algunos de los resultados de investigaciones y estudios precedentes, en los niños portugueses se evidencia una facilidad especial de acceso a programas o series
televisivas dirigidas a un público adulto, así como sus preferencias maniestas sobre este tipo de contenidos frente a los
dibujos, las películas de animación o incluso el propio desarrollo del deporte o los juegos en la calle.
Palabras clave: audiencia infantil, medios de comunicación, grupos de discusión, telenovelas portuguesas, Rosa Fogo.
(questionário) e qualitativas (grupos focais) , definindo como público do estudo um grupo de crianças portuguesas a frequentar o ensino primário.
Deste modo, esperamos enriquecer os debates teóricos nesta área, introduzir resultados relevantes sobre o papel das notícias na vida das crianças, e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias no âmbito da literacia para a informação.
escolar, tendo em vista a promoção da Educação para os Media no contexto da infância. Num panorama de
acentuada evolução tecnológica e de um contato quotidiano com conteúdos mediáticos por parte das crianças, é
fundamental a criação de ferramentas e instrumentos que traduzam na prática, para a sociedade, os resultados e os
conhecimentos teóricos das investigações académicas. Com efeito, a realidade portuguesa, quando comparada com
outros países como o Canadá ou o Reino Unido, apresenta escassez de materiais que promovam a Literacia
Mediática. Neste sentido, o nosso procedimento metodológico envolveu a recolha e análise da informação e das
iniciativas desenvolvidas em Portugal e a realização de um modelo teórico que identifica as competências
fundamentais para a formação de cidadãos críticos autónomos e participativos, representando assim uma proposta
de leitura de Literacia Mediática. Partindo deste modelo e dos seus vários indicadores, criamos um manual de boas
práticas em Educação para os Media: Tratar os media por tu, para crianças do 1º ao 3º ciclo. Este instrumento propõe várias atividades lúdicas, num formato próximo do jogo, que abrangem 25 temáticas relativas à Educação para os
Media, entre as quais, o cyberbullying, o mundo das notícias, a blogosfera e a publicidade. O principal objetivo é
promover a aquisição de competências críticas face aos media, tanto no contexto escolar como familiar, em situação
de complementaridade.
Palavras-Chave: Educação para os Media - Crianças - Escola - Família - Competências Mediáticas
of the latter to the socialization of the first, showing that current events are present in the daily
lives of the younger, even if children show little or no interest in these matters (Alon-Tirosh &
Lemish, 2014; Delorme, 2013; Molen & Konijn, 2007). In the portuguese context, this issue has
not been sufficiently studied, so we developed a study in order to understand and discuss ways
of access and news consumption by children, but also on how the news help them know the
world globally and the most immediate world, concerning the contexts in which they live. The
study focuses on the perspective of the public, in particular on their interests and motivations in
news media consumption, and the perceptions they develop on these issues.
Methodologically, this research started with the application of questionnaires to a
sample of 690 children (from 8 to 12 years) attending the 4th grade of the 1st Cycle of Basic
Education (in the academic year 2013/2014) in the municipality of Paredes, in northern
Portugal. In a second phase we carried out focus interviews with six groups in a total of 42
children, selected from the participants in the survey by questionnaire. We gave voice to
children, such as advocated by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN), which gives
children the right to express their opinions and viewpoints on issues concerning every citizens.
The results show that the involvement of the younger public with the news is
contextualized in terms of socio-demographic variables, family background and the type of
mediation that occurs there, but also the interests and personal experiences and the forms of
media coverage of news. Children contact with the current events together with family members,
but do not show much interest in following the news of those issues as they consider them
structured "to adults. .
Children thrill with the news, create perceptions about information and the world. News
is seen as a reference to know that world, but children express their preference for appropriate
news, not only to their interests but also to their understanding capabilities. The results indicate
that the family is one of the variables that most influence in access to and consumption of news
and that the school generally doesn`t assume an active role in the discussion of these issues.The dialogue with adults about the news boosts the pleasure for information and for the world
and helps children understand on the one hand, the most "serious” themes of society and on
the other hand, to manage the impact and concerns arising from the contact with certain issues.
From the point of view of media literacy, these are key issues, insofar as they involve the
fulfillment of strategies - in formal and informal context - for children to develop skills to critically
interpret the meanings and deal with the emotions that arise from the exposure to certain news
and, at the same time, enable them to create a reflexive consciousness of the world that goes
beyond the view of the world that is proposed by the media.
Keywords: children; perception; news media; media; current events; world; participation; media
literacy.