Papers by Wendy Wing Lam Chan
Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 2023
Both bystanders and journalists can play important roles in mobilizing and supporting social move... more Both bystanders and journalists can play important roles in mobilizing and supporting social movements. However, there are few empirical studies examining and contrasting their violent and nonviolent collective-action motivations or perspectives on social movement goals. This study presents a comparative analysis of motivations to engage or stand aside from social unrest comparing bystanders (n = 9) and journalists (n = 7) motivations against those of protesters (n = 35). Thematic qualitative analysis of interview data using a Social Identity Model of Collective Action framework examined differences in motivations and goals across each group, as well as the influence of violent protest repertoires on participation behaviors. Identified barriers to participation include bystanders' lack of issue consensus, low efficacy perceptions, and negative views of violent action. Our results also lend support to the predictive validity of collective identification, anger, and injustice in motivating participation in collective action. Journalists' collective identity precluded overt protest participation. However, their emotional responses to injustice or violent actions generated tensions between their role obligations and desire to intervene. Implications for future research on collective-action responses to injustice are discussed.
International Communication Research Journal, 2020
This study examined the antecedents that drive consumer behavior in online shopping, especially v... more This study examined the antecedents that drive consumer behavior in online shopping, especially via Instagram. The authors surveyed consumers (n=228) who have experience browsing through Instagram trans-border shopping accounts or have actual purchase experience, to determine their online purchasing behavior. The result suggests that there is a close relationship between vanity purchasing and online buying behavior. Perceived trust and vanity are the key factors that stimulate buying behavior on Instagram as a social media platform. This study offers a lens for future studies in which an informal online shopping setting will be the optimal place for transactions as physical shops are gradually being replaced by online shops.
新聞學研究, 2022
在現今社會中，媒體業的表達模式以及生態各異，於資訊 爆炸的年代，要得到大眾眼球並不容易，甚至要躋身在大數據 下的前數名，讓社交媒體排名中名列前茅，更是難於登天，這 讓媒體創意變得更為重要。媒體創... more 在現今社會中，媒體業的表達模式以及生態各異，於資訊 爆炸的年代，要得到大眾眼球並不容易，甚至要躋身在大數據 下的前數名，讓社交媒體排名中名列前茅，更是難於登天，這 讓媒體創意變得更為重要。媒體創意於這研究的剖析將會分兩 部分‥第一，在新媒體下，究竟是什麼「環境因素」讓媒體人 花更多精力在創意上?第二，新媒體發布的內容與傳統媒體的 創意有哪些差別與相同。這項研究所有的訪問都是在 2020 年下 半年進行，受訪的人物大致劃分為三類:第一類是業界翹楚， 在業界有五至十年或以上的工作經驗;第二類是屢獲國際新聞 獎項的業界精英;第三類是年輕媒體人，並同時擁有傳統及網 上媒體工作經驗的新一代媒體人。受訪者的工作經驗都能對媒 體創意提供厚實的看法，從相對有經驗的到獲獎的年輕記者， 甚至在前線拼搏的媒體人，他們親身的體會及講解可以讓媒體 創意這個詞語變得更為圓潤，而非紙上談兵。我們透過這次研 究，剖析如何推進新聞媒體創意的概念，從而透視創意在新聞 媒體中的方向。
Visual Studies, 2022
Although obvious in Western Europe and the US, the controversy about graffiti is not as pronounce... more Although obvious in Western Europe and the US, the controversy about graffiti is not as pronounced in mainland China. While the creative/ destructive act of vandalising public spaces and even private property brings with it certain issues and notions attributed to culture jamming, protest action, and subversive aesthetics, this is not necessarily how graffiti thrived within the leftist context of China. Unfortunately, since graffiti practice in China is still an understudied area, many questions would soon be left unanswered as this street art form swiftly vanishes under the communist country's rapid development in pursuit of globalisation. With the aim of demonstrating why graffiti culture in China functions quite differently from graffiti practices in the UK (and similar 'Western' cultures), we investigate how the art of graffiti is understood and defined by Chinese students who participated in our comparative study. The participants contrasted Banksy's art with the works of Zato, who is quite popular in China's contemporary graffiti scene. Through a blended method of visual ethnography, photo-elicitation, and focus group discussions conducted via video conferencing, we visualised the two graffitists against a backdrop of clashing social constructs and political contexts. Our findings provide valuable insights into persisting issues surrounding the differences between Western and Chinese graffiti practices. Graffiti art in the UK and in China may have proven comparable in terms of medium but incommensurable as to message. Due to Covid-19 lockdown restrictions, the images included in this article and cited throughout the study were all sourced online.
Journalism Practice, 2021
This article proposes a model of journalistic creativity based on 21 in-depth interviews conducte... more This article proposes a model of journalistic creativity based on 21 in-depth interviews conducted with seasoned front-line journalists and award winners from the field, together with 405 journalism students and student journalists. The said model frames “journalistic creativity”, which is hinged on the concepts of media professionalism from the traditional perspectives of journalism literature and political ideology albeit least studied in the academia – especially in journalism studies. As exemplified by the interviews and surveys conducted for this study, respondents seem to believe that creativity has now been taking a more prominent role especially in the manner of news presentation. Ostensively, they agree that creativity could only take place when the environment (accounting for media professionalism and political stance) allows. This study spotted the way media professionalism and political ideology serve as boundaries for journalists; however, there is always space for journalistic creativity especially when the conforming environment meets the conditions of consistent media professionalism and consistent political ideology. In addition, this study also presents how journalistic creativity plays out in day-to-day journalism so as to present the best of journalistic work.
Journal of Communication and Education
This study explores the factors that affect the perceptions of social networking site users of on... more This study explores the factors that affect the perceptions of social networking site users of online social support. Specifically, we investigate the effect of online social ties and altruism on online social support. This study administers a survey questionnaire to 213 high school students applying for university admission after the release of the public examination results. The results show that online social ties (β = .284, p < .001) and altruism (β = .504, p < .001) are significantly related to online social support. Moreover, altruism is significantly related to online social ties (β = .674, p < .001). The variance explained by the model for online social ties and online social support with R 2 is .454 and .527, respectively. The effects of online social ties and altruism on online social support, and their implications are discussed.
International Communication Research Journal, 2017
Celebrities on social media play a key role in mobilizing the youths
to participate in social mov... more Celebrities on social media play a key role in mobilizing the youths
to participate in social movement. Given the involvement of celebrity,
many people were drawn to join the social movement because of the affinity
towards the conspicuous social movement leader. Based on the OS-
R-O-R model of communication effects, this study found a three-path
meditational model that affinity with celebrity on social media will facilitate
interpersonal political conservation, then affects political efficacy, in
turn elicits participation in 2014 Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.
The findings show that both the interpersonal and intrapersonal factors
are especially important in explaining how affinity affects young adults’
political participation that has been absent from the prior literatures.
Theoretical implications of this study are discussed.
New media, Knowledge Practices and Multiliteracies
This study evolved from the question of how whistleblowers are portrayed and characterized by the... more This study evolved from the question of how whistleblowers are portrayed and characterized by the news media. A primary objective of this study is to specifically examine how Snowden was characterized and portrayed in The Guardian and The Washington Post as well as a control comparison with a Hong Kong newspaper, South China Morning Post (SCMP) as Snowden had been stayed in Hong Kong. To this end, a comparative textual analysis of news articles was performed – by tracking the keywords-from the period of June 10, 2013 (when Snowden first disclosed the information to the newspapers) through October 31, 2013. This study concludes that keywords may be critically important in the portrayal and characterization of individuals such as Snowden, and that portrayal of that individual can change over a selected time frame. Since this study is based on limited analysis of selected news coverage to date, its conclusions must be viewed as preliminary in need of future data as the Snowden coverage continues.
New Ecology for Education – Communication X Learning
Creativity has been a thriving term ever since we have knowledge. Journalism industry is facing t... more Creativity has been a thriving term ever since we have knowledge. Journalism industry is facing the challenge brought about by the digital world, the long timespan on one printed newspaper has become a rare scene. Media pundits try every means to earn the survival of the industry, and creativity becomes the way out. Every breakthrough of knowledge requires creativity. To date, people offer a wide range of definitions on creativity in various fields. To be exact, creativity, in general, is a way that has not yet been adopted by other before. In the domain of journalism, it takes a prominent role for the pundits' survival in the competitive media environment. As such, the thrust of narratives about journalistic creativity begin to take its shape. The article examines the debates about whether journalism has creativity in its competitive industry, and in the conflictual environment, what are the drive factors that catalyst creativity. We carried out 15 in depth interviews with the experienced reporters and editors working in the frontline media environment, findings showed that all of them agree creativity has taken place in the industry. Closely aligned to journalistic creativity, inconsistent political ideology and inconsistent media professionalism have played inevitable role to the formation of journalistic creativity.
Journal of Communication and Education
Online knowledge sharing is one of the important processes in knowledge creation especially with ... more Online knowledge sharing is one of the important processes in knowledge creation especially with the radical development of social media. This study aims to explore gender differences in online knowledge sharing process by utilizing an online knowledge sharing model. Conducted with a questionnaire instrument, this study collected completed questionnaires from 492 high school graduates who answered their most frequent used social media, activities and opinion. Overall, perceived online attachment motivation did not have significant relationship with online knowledge sharing, as it was fully mediated by perceived online relationship commitment. In the male group, perceived online relationship commitment (β=0.47, p<0.001) has a stronger effect than trust (β=0.39, p<0.001) on online knowledge sharing behavior; while in the female group, trust (β=0.46, p<0.001) has a stronger effect than perceived online relationship commitment (β=0.41, p<0.001) on online knowledge sharing behavior. Implications on the gender differences are discussed.
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
Abstract
This study explores the factors that contribute to the political participation in the c... more Abstract
This study explores the factors that contribute to the political participation in the context
of the Facebook platform. The author investigate the influence of social interaction,
pressure and trust on users’ political participation in the event that happened in Hong
Kong, the Occupy Central in 2014. The study allows us to identify which factor would
contribute to the best in mobilizing the mass online in the social media environment.
The results show that there are positive correlation of the factors, social interaction, the
social pressure and trust to the political participation respectively. An important novel
finding is the influence of social pressure in Facebook on political participation. This
relationship reaches the statistical significance, implying that pressure should not be
neglected online but rather it is more important than other factors when giving rise to
the social movement. This study offers insight that the salience of social pressure in the
online context, and suggesting a possible triggering outlet for the social movement.
Keywords: Occupy Central, Political Participation, Social Interaction, Social
Media Trust, Social Pressure
Be Kind Rewind, as spoken by the film’s title, one may understand the trick that hides behind as ... more Be Kind Rewind, as spoken by the film’s title, one may understand the trick that hides behind as Rewind is also associated with the same consonance Remind telling us a film that shares the collective memory of the public. The concept of the Society of Spectacle is brought forward by Guy Debord in 1970s, which he sheds lights on the class alienation, commodification of cultural products (Debord, 1967) as well as the role of mass media’s metamorphosis in staging the so called “reality” on TV, is considered to be a mainstream channel in 1970s-1980s for people to obtain the news and enjoy entertainment. With this concept, we draw the central theme of discussing this with the film Be Kind Rewind in which it stages how the antique video rental store is forced to be demolished and the adventure that the new generation help renew the product and share the collective memory, going back to the theme of commodity fetishism (Jappe, 1999). The sense of nostalgia as well as the conflict of urbanization and modern development makes it an echo to the concept of the spectacle of making the class alienated through the commodification process of video rental store and also alienate the old people from the rapid development of the modern city. With the revival of reshooting the film with no budget, it connects closely to the concept of the work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction that Walter Benjamin put forward that the unique existence of the work of the art determined the history to which it was subject throughout the time of its existence (Benjamin, 1955). Most importantly, while we watch this film, the real life example that happens in Hong Kong media industry would be Asia Television (ATV) that they stage their "Rescue Our ATV Show" in order to save their company by attracting the "potential investors". The television under such circumstance is not limited to provide information and showing the greatest entertainment programme but becomes a spectacle to ask for money yet not in a glamourous and commodified manner. In light of this, this research is going to explore how mechanical reproduction alienates our society from the real life and how commodification of cultural product especially in Hong Kong TV industry make themselves become the spectacle in this day and age by carrying out content and textual analysis of the above mentioned cases. It would offer a theoretical contribution in which society of spectacle not only brings the success of TV industry but also actually polarizes the TV industry into the "mass" product and only through exposing its weakness to the audiences as to save the reputation and attract upcoming investors. Keywords: ATV, Commodification, Class Alienation, Mechanical Reproduction,
International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering
Abstract: Traditional and social media have been taking prominent role in transmitting the messag... more Abstract: Traditional and social media have been taking prominent role in transmitting the messages worldwide. Online communities gather together to fight for their common goal. Members offer social connection, information and emotion supports. Yet, social media platforms are often characterized as quick and informative. On the other hand, the traditional media, there is always a time lapse in between for printing and publishing. Therefore, this study aims to explore the key factors that contributed by online social media community and social media for the success of the social movement. Altogether there are fourteen local newspapers that were examined, in which the result shows that immediacy and the appealing of social sentiments conjured up by the social media platforms helped to put forward the whole social movement.
Key words: Online Sharing Behaviour, Social Media, Social Movement, Social Mobilization.
Facebook, one of the most popular social media in the world, had more than a billion monthly acti... more Facebook, one of the most popular social media in the world, had more than a billion monthly active users as of December 2012. Social media has emerged as another world for people to interact with each other. Tremendous interactions happen all the time, including sharing photo, sharing knowledge, and sharing personal feelings, and lots of replies, comments, and feedbacks. However, to let all these happen, it involves the users’ trust on the platform which would strengthen social ties of users and has a general protection of privacy of the users. Therefore, this study aimed to find out determinants to social media trust. The research questions are: (1) What are the factors to social media trust? and (2) What would be the relationship between these factors? It was hypothesized that social ties and perceived privacy had influence on the social media trust. A survey was designed and introduced to 278 undergraduate students. The results supported the predictions. It was found that social ties had both a direct, significant and positive relationship with social media trust (β=0.18, p<0.01), perceived privacy had a direct, significant and positive relationship with social media trust (β=0.31, p<0.001) and perceived privacy had a direct, significant and positive relationship with social ties (β=0.28, p<0.05). The reduced R-square for trust and social ties were 0.16 and 0.076 respectively. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Keywords:
Perceived Privacy, Social Ties, Trust, Communication and Social Media
International Journal of Innovation and Learning
Online communities form naturally as members share interest and knowledge; provide social and em... more Online communities form naturally as members share interest and knowledge; provide social and emotion support to each other. Trust is needed to online community success where if members do not trust each other, they would not spend time to build relationships. Two key determinants are hypothesised to predict online social media community trust, social ties and perceived privacy. A survey instrument was administered to 278 undergraduate students. The results identified significant relationships between social ties and trust ( β = 0.18), perceived privacy and trust ( β = 0.31). There was also significant relationship between perceived privacy and social ties ( β = 0.28). Keywords: trust; social ties; perceived privacy; online learning community; social media; innovation; learning; online learning.
Book Reviews by Wendy Wing Lam Chan
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Papers by Wendy Wing Lam Chan
to participate in social movement. Given the involvement of celebrity,
many people were drawn to join the social movement because of the affinity
towards the conspicuous social movement leader. Based on the OS-
R-O-R model of communication effects, this study found a three-path
meditational model that affinity with celebrity on social media will facilitate
interpersonal political conservation, then affects political efficacy, in
turn elicits participation in 2014 Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.
The findings show that both the interpersonal and intrapersonal factors
are especially important in explaining how affinity affects young adults’
political participation that has been absent from the prior literatures.
Theoretical implications of this study are discussed.
This study explores the factors that contribute to the political participation in the context
of the Facebook platform. The author investigate the influence of social interaction,
pressure and trust on users’ political participation in the event that happened in Hong
Kong, the Occupy Central in 2014. The study allows us to identify which factor would
contribute to the best in mobilizing the mass online in the social media environment.
The results show that there are positive correlation of the factors, social interaction, the
social pressure and trust to the political participation respectively. An important novel
finding is the influence of social pressure in Facebook on political participation. This
relationship reaches the statistical significance, implying that pressure should not be
neglected online but rather it is more important than other factors when giving rise to
the social movement. This study offers insight that the salience of social pressure in the
online context, and suggesting a possible triggering outlet for the social movement.
Keywords: Occupy Central, Political Participation, Social Interaction, Social
Media Trust, Social Pressure
Key words: Online Sharing Behaviour, Social Media, Social Movement, Social Mobilization.
Keywords:
Perceived Privacy, Social Ties, Trust, Communication and Social Media
Book Reviews by Wendy Wing Lam Chan
to participate in social movement. Given the involvement of celebrity,
many people were drawn to join the social movement because of the affinity
towards the conspicuous social movement leader. Based on the OS-
R-O-R model of communication effects, this study found a three-path
meditational model that affinity with celebrity on social media will facilitate
interpersonal political conservation, then affects political efficacy, in
turn elicits participation in 2014 Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.
The findings show that both the interpersonal and intrapersonal factors
are especially important in explaining how affinity affects young adults’
political participation that has been absent from the prior literatures.
Theoretical implications of this study are discussed.
This study explores the factors that contribute to the political participation in the context
of the Facebook platform. The author investigate the influence of social interaction,
pressure and trust on users’ political participation in the event that happened in Hong
Kong, the Occupy Central in 2014. The study allows us to identify which factor would
contribute to the best in mobilizing the mass online in the social media environment.
The results show that there are positive correlation of the factors, social interaction, the
social pressure and trust to the political participation respectively. An important novel
finding is the influence of social pressure in Facebook on political participation. This
relationship reaches the statistical significance, implying that pressure should not be
neglected online but rather it is more important than other factors when giving rise to
the social movement. This study offers insight that the salience of social pressure in the
online context, and suggesting a possible triggering outlet for the social movement.
Keywords: Occupy Central, Political Participation, Social Interaction, Social
Media Trust, Social Pressure
Key words: Online Sharing Behaviour, Social Media, Social Movement, Social Mobilization.
Keywords:
Perceived Privacy, Social Ties, Trust, Communication and Social Media