This study presents the results of the petrographic and geochemical analyses of the entire potter... more This study presents the results of the petrographic and geochemical analyses of the entire pottery assemblage discovered at the sixth-century (AD) cemetery of Szólád, Western Hungary, associated with the Langobard era in the territory of the former Roman province of Pannonia. Szólád is one of the most prominent archaeological sites of this period, where prior studies have shown that the cemetery was used for ca. one or two generations by a migrating group of diverse genetic background. The present work is the first integrated typological and archaeological science pottery analysis from the early migration period (fifth to sixth century) Hungary. We applied polarising light optical microscopy (OM), prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) on all samples and, additionally, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) on one selected sample. One main fabric group with three subgroups were defined by OM, to whi...
Uta von Freeden/Tivadar Vida: Ausgrabungen des langobardenzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Szólád, Kom... more Uta von Freeden/Tivadar Vida: Ausgrabungen des langobardenzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Szólád, Komitat Somogy, Ungarn. Vorbericht und Überblick über langobardenzeitliche Besiedlung am Plattensee. (mit einem Exkurs von Péter Skriba) Germania 85-2, 2007, 359-384.
Ironworking of the Avar Period in the scope of interdisciplinary research – Archeometrical invest... more Ironworking of the Avar Period in the scope of interdisciplinary research – Archeometrical investigation of the finds from Zamárdi-Kútvölgyi dűlő and Kaposvár-Fészerlak sites:
A three-year research project has been carried out since 2015 by our interdisciplinary research group. The
majority of archaeometrical research is carried out by the related institutes at the University of Miskolc, but
other research organisations were also involved.
A fundamentally archaeometrical objective of the project is to perform a complex materials testing of the
archaeological finds that completely cover the fields of the professional activities of Avar Age ironworking, as
well as ceramic production, plant and animal remains.
The research programme is based on the unique Avar archaeological sites of Zamárdi-Kútvölgy and KaposvárFészerlak,
where iron metallurgical centres were found. The general aim of our research programme is to gain a
better understanding of Avar Age iron production technology and the artisans' environmental knowledge both in
a national and international context. By analysing archaeological, technological, archaeometrical and
archaeometallurgical data, we try to reconstruct Avar Age iron production from the preparation of ores to the
formation of iron artifacts.
This study presents the materials testing of the slag finds and iron artefacts (chemical analysis (XRF, ICP),
macro- and microstructural analysis (OM, SEM-EDS), mineralogical analysis (XRD)) as well as ceramic
petrographic and archaeobotanical analyses. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles, as well as the
fundamental manufacturing processes, applied by the Avars, were identified. We concluded that the nature of
archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination
In Ridovics, A., Bajnóczi, B., Dági, M., Lővei, P. (Szerk.) 2017. Interdiszciplinaritás. Archeometriai, régészeti és művészettörténeti tanulmányok. Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum - Szépművészeti Múzeum, 277-297. ISBN 978-615-5209-79-6, 2017
In this paper the petrographic analysis of Árpádian Age ceramics were carried out from Szombathel... more In this paper the petrographic analysis of Árpádian Age ceramics were carried out from Szombathely-Zanat Trátai-dűlő and Szombathely Országúti-dűlő archaeological sites. The two sites represent two parts of the same settlement. Ninety-five ceramics were chosen for petrographic analysis from the two settlement parts. All the analysed vessels were made on the slow wheel; no other forming method could be identified. The aim of petrographic analysis is to provide an insight into ceramic technological practices, in particular raw material preferences and tempering. Apart from the detailed analysis of these technological practices we also compare the two settlement parts and assess whether ceramic technology changed between the 10th and 13th centuries and if there were specific choices in the use of raw materials and tempers between the 10th and 13th centuries. Petrographic compositional groups are very similar between the two settlement parts. According to petrographic analysis the examined ceramics were made from very similar raw materials. Thus, ceramics were made in a very similar way in the two settlement parts and characteristic technological differences could not be identified. Ceramics at both settlement parts can be characterised by variable sand/pebble tempering. These practices were used contemporarily, although fabric groups show high variability in the amount of sand and pebble tempering. Even though ceramic raw materials show high variability, their characteristics are similar (sand and pebble tempering), thus the ceramic technology did not show any identifiable change between the 10th and 13th centuries indicating a strong ceramic technological continuity in the examined period.
A cikk a Vas megyei Vát határában a 86-os út elkerülő szakaszának megelőző feltárásai során elő-k... more A cikk a Vas megyei Vát határában a 86-os út elkerülő szakaszának megelőző feltárásai során elő-került, 9. századi településrészletet ismerteti. A viszonylag nagy kiterjedésű, de laza szerkezetű település veremházából és kerek vagy téglalap alakú gödreiből előkerült, nagy változatosságot mutató kerámiaanyag, a fém-és csonttárgyak a lelőhelyet egy a 9. század elejére keltezhető, de az avar temetők anyagával is szoros kapcsolatot mutató leletkörhöz kapcsolják.
Évkönyv és jelentés a K.Ö.SZ. 2008. évi feltárásairól 2008 F.S.C.H. Yearbook and Review of Archaeological Investigations, 2010
Tartalom / Contents
Virágos Gábor: Beköszöntô
Preface by Gábor Virágos 9
1. RÉSZ / PART 1
Kutatás... more Tartalom / Contents Virágos Gábor: Beköszöntô Preface by Gábor Virágos 9 1. RÉSZ / PART 1 Kutatási beszámolók/Reports 11–74 2. RÉSZ / PART 2 75– Tanulmányok / Essays 75 A Szombathely – zanati késô bronzkori temetô újabb két sírja (Természettudományos vizsgálatokkal kiegészített anyagközlés) Ilon Gábor és Mihály Judith, Nyerges Éva, Tóth Gábor, Radics András, Udvardi Balázs Two new graves of the Szombathely – Zanat Late Bronze Age cemetery (Description of the finds and the results of the scientific analyses) by Gábor Ilon, Judith Mihály, Éva Nyerges, Gábor Tóth, András Radics and Balázs Udvardi 75 A kutyahús fogyasztásának archaeozoológiai bizonyítékai Tugya Beáta The archaeozoological evidences of dog meat consumption by Beáta Tugya 99 Egy kora római kori sír Savaria territóriumán: Nemesbôd – Átalúton-kívül-dûlô lelôhelyrôl (Elôzetes beszámoló) Fülöp Endre Norbert, Radics András, Tóth Gábor, Barta Andrea An Early Roman Age grave in the territory of Savaria from the Site of Nemesbôd – Átalúton-kívül-dûlô (Preliminary report) by Endre Norbert Fülöp, András Radics and Andrea Barta 107 Fémberakással díszített kora császárkori phaleracsüngô Biatorbágyról (Pest megye, Magyarország) Mráv Zsolt Roman trifid phalera pendant with metal inlay decoration from Biatorbágy (Pest County, Hungary) by Zsolt Mráv 139 Elôzetes jelentés a Dabas – Közép-domb középkori település feltárásáról Berecz Barbara Preliminary report on the excavation of the Medieval settlement of Dabas – Közép-domb by Barbara Berecz 163 Fapince a váci német hospes-település területén Mészáros Orsolya Timber framed cellar in the area of the German hospes settlement in Vác by Orsolya Mészáros 177 Természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok Paks – Cseresznyés (M6 autópálya TO18) régészeti lelôhelyrôl Oláh István, Kele Sándor, Ács Zsófia The natural and artificial building material of the site Paks – Cseresznyés (M6 Motorway, Site TO18) by István Oláh, Sándor Kele and Zsófia Ács 197 1. A régészeti kutatás (Ács Zsófia) / The archaeological research (by Zsófia Ács) 197 2. A természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok petrográfiai és stabil izotópgeokémiai vizsgálata (Oláh István, Kele Sándor) / Petrographic and stable isotope geochemical analyses of the natural and artificial building material (by István Oláh and Sándor Kele) 205 Késô rézkori település, középsô bronzkori hamvasztásos sír és Árpád-kori temetôrészlet Mernye határában Skriba Péter, Nagy Borbála, Reményi László, László Orsolya, Kreiter Attila, Tóth Mária, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén Late Copper Age settlement, Middle Bronze Age cremation burial and a fragment of an Árpádian Age cemetery on the outskirts of Mernye by Péter Skriba, Borbála Nagy, László Reményi, Orsolya László, Attila Kreiter, Mária Tóth, Beáta Tugya and Irén Szilágyi-Gábor 249 1. A lelôhely és a körülmények (Skriba Péter) The site and the archaeological context (by Péter Skriba) 249 2. A Baden kultúra településrészlete (Nagy Borbála, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén) Part of a Baden settlement (by Borbála Nagy, Beáta Tugya and Irén Szilágyi-Gábor) 253
In Türk, A. (Főszerk.) 2017. Hadak útján XXIV. A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom 2014. november 4–6. 2. kötet – Conference of Young Scholars on the Migration Period November 4–6, 2014, Esztergom Volume 2, 2017
The excavation of the cemetery (Dunaszentgyörgy-Kaszás tanya, RM-20) was carried out by Csaba Kál... more The excavation of the cemetery (Dunaszentgyörgy-Kaszás tanya, RM-20) was carried out by Csaba Kálmán Kiss prior to the construction of the M6 Motorway in 2009. During the excavation 372 graves came to light representing the Middle and Late Avar periods. Approximately two-third or three-quarter of the cemetery was excavated. From the 372 graves, 75 contained ceramics. Altogether 82 ceramics came to light, 47.5% of which are fast-wheeled, 9.8% are slow-wheeled and 42.7% are hand-built. The ceramic assemblage represents all the vessel types that are characteristic of south-east Transdanubia. Therefore, possible relationships between each pottery types could be examined through the 74 samples which were selected for petrographic analysis. Petrographic analysis was supplemented by XRD analysis on 29 samples and by XRF analyses on 30 samples. The results suggest that fast-wheeled grey, yellow and black vessels were made by specialists, probably in workshops. Specialisation is indicated by the unified technology and raw material of each ceramic type. Vessels made by higher technological standards were also fired in higher temperatures (800–900 °C). The composition of black ceramics, showing sand and pebble tempering, may correlate with their functions since these were also used for cooking. XRF analysis shows that some of the fast-wheeled grey and black vessels may not have been made locally, these may have been imported. Apart from the possibly non-local fabric group, other fabrics seem to cover the whole area of the cemetery. This implies that ceramics were made in a similar manner for a long period; ceramics were made in similar qualities through several generations. Slow-wheeled vessels represent a transition towards the fast wheel technique. Their technological relationship with fast-wheeled black vessels indicates that their fast-wheeled production was preceded by an ‘experimenting phase’. Hand-built vessels were most probably made in households and no specialised production was identified for this ceramic type. The majority of hand-built vessels belong to the first fabric group, in which fast-wheeled black and grey vessels are also present indicating that this raw material was also used by local workshops.
This study presents the results of the petrographic and geochemical analyses of the entire potter... more This study presents the results of the petrographic and geochemical analyses of the entire pottery assemblage discovered at the sixth-century (AD) cemetery of Szólád, Western Hungary, associated with the Langobard era in the territory of the former Roman province of Pannonia. Szólád is one of the most prominent archaeological sites of this period, where prior studies have shown that the cemetery was used for ca. one or two generations by a migrating group of diverse genetic background. The present work is the first integrated typological and archaeological science pottery analysis from the early migration period (fifth to sixth century) Hungary. We applied polarising light optical microscopy (OM), prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) on all samples and, additionally, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) on one selected sample. One main fabric group with three subgroups were defined by OM, to whi...
Uta von Freeden/Tivadar Vida: Ausgrabungen des langobardenzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Szólád, Kom... more Uta von Freeden/Tivadar Vida: Ausgrabungen des langobardenzeitlichen Gräberfeldes von Szólád, Komitat Somogy, Ungarn. Vorbericht und Überblick über langobardenzeitliche Besiedlung am Plattensee. (mit einem Exkurs von Péter Skriba) Germania 85-2, 2007, 359-384.
Ironworking of the Avar Period in the scope of interdisciplinary research – Archeometrical invest... more Ironworking of the Avar Period in the scope of interdisciplinary research – Archeometrical investigation of the finds from Zamárdi-Kútvölgyi dűlő and Kaposvár-Fészerlak sites:
A three-year research project has been carried out since 2015 by our interdisciplinary research group. The
majority of archaeometrical research is carried out by the related institutes at the University of Miskolc, but
other research organisations were also involved.
A fundamentally archaeometrical objective of the project is to perform a complex materials testing of the
archaeological finds that completely cover the fields of the professional activities of Avar Age ironworking, as
well as ceramic production, plant and animal remains.
The research programme is based on the unique Avar archaeological sites of Zamárdi-Kútvölgy and KaposvárFészerlak,
where iron metallurgical centres were found. The general aim of our research programme is to gain a
better understanding of Avar Age iron production technology and the artisans' environmental knowledge both in
a national and international context. By analysing archaeological, technological, archaeometrical and
archaeometallurgical data, we try to reconstruct Avar Age iron production from the preparation of ores to the
formation of iron artifacts.
This study presents the materials testing of the slag finds and iron artefacts (chemical analysis (XRF, ICP),
macro- and microstructural analysis (OM, SEM-EDS), mineralogical analysis (XRD)) as well as ceramic
petrographic and archaeobotanical analyses. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles, as well as the
fundamental manufacturing processes, applied by the Avars, were identified. We concluded that the nature of
archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination
In Ridovics, A., Bajnóczi, B., Dági, M., Lővei, P. (Szerk.) 2017. Interdiszciplinaritás. Archeometriai, régészeti és művészettörténeti tanulmányok. Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum - Szépművészeti Múzeum, 277-297. ISBN 978-615-5209-79-6, 2017
In this paper the petrographic analysis of Árpádian Age ceramics were carried out from Szombathel... more In this paper the petrographic analysis of Árpádian Age ceramics were carried out from Szombathely-Zanat Trátai-dűlő and Szombathely Országúti-dűlő archaeological sites. The two sites represent two parts of the same settlement. Ninety-five ceramics were chosen for petrographic analysis from the two settlement parts. All the analysed vessels were made on the slow wheel; no other forming method could be identified. The aim of petrographic analysis is to provide an insight into ceramic technological practices, in particular raw material preferences and tempering. Apart from the detailed analysis of these technological practices we also compare the two settlement parts and assess whether ceramic technology changed between the 10th and 13th centuries and if there were specific choices in the use of raw materials and tempers between the 10th and 13th centuries. Petrographic compositional groups are very similar between the two settlement parts. According to petrographic analysis the examined ceramics were made from very similar raw materials. Thus, ceramics were made in a very similar way in the two settlement parts and characteristic technological differences could not be identified. Ceramics at both settlement parts can be characterised by variable sand/pebble tempering. These practices were used contemporarily, although fabric groups show high variability in the amount of sand and pebble tempering. Even though ceramic raw materials show high variability, their characteristics are similar (sand and pebble tempering), thus the ceramic technology did not show any identifiable change between the 10th and 13th centuries indicating a strong ceramic technological continuity in the examined period.
A cikk a Vas megyei Vát határában a 86-os út elkerülő szakaszának megelőző feltárásai során elő-k... more A cikk a Vas megyei Vát határában a 86-os út elkerülő szakaszának megelőző feltárásai során elő-került, 9. századi településrészletet ismerteti. A viszonylag nagy kiterjedésű, de laza szerkezetű település veremházából és kerek vagy téglalap alakú gödreiből előkerült, nagy változatosságot mutató kerámiaanyag, a fém-és csonttárgyak a lelőhelyet egy a 9. század elejére keltezhető, de az avar temetők anyagával is szoros kapcsolatot mutató leletkörhöz kapcsolják.
Évkönyv és jelentés a K.Ö.SZ. 2008. évi feltárásairól 2008 F.S.C.H. Yearbook and Review of Archaeological Investigations, 2010
Tartalom / Contents
Virágos Gábor: Beköszöntô
Preface by Gábor Virágos 9
1. RÉSZ / PART 1
Kutatás... more Tartalom / Contents Virágos Gábor: Beköszöntô Preface by Gábor Virágos 9 1. RÉSZ / PART 1 Kutatási beszámolók/Reports 11–74 2. RÉSZ / PART 2 75– Tanulmányok / Essays 75 A Szombathely – zanati késô bronzkori temetô újabb két sírja (Természettudományos vizsgálatokkal kiegészített anyagközlés) Ilon Gábor és Mihály Judith, Nyerges Éva, Tóth Gábor, Radics András, Udvardi Balázs Two new graves of the Szombathely – Zanat Late Bronze Age cemetery (Description of the finds and the results of the scientific analyses) by Gábor Ilon, Judith Mihály, Éva Nyerges, Gábor Tóth, András Radics and Balázs Udvardi 75 A kutyahús fogyasztásának archaeozoológiai bizonyítékai Tugya Beáta The archaeozoological evidences of dog meat consumption by Beáta Tugya 99 Egy kora római kori sír Savaria territóriumán: Nemesbôd – Átalúton-kívül-dûlô lelôhelyrôl (Elôzetes beszámoló) Fülöp Endre Norbert, Radics András, Tóth Gábor, Barta Andrea An Early Roman Age grave in the territory of Savaria from the Site of Nemesbôd – Átalúton-kívül-dûlô (Preliminary report) by Endre Norbert Fülöp, András Radics and Andrea Barta 107 Fémberakással díszített kora császárkori phaleracsüngô Biatorbágyról (Pest megye, Magyarország) Mráv Zsolt Roman trifid phalera pendant with metal inlay decoration from Biatorbágy (Pest County, Hungary) by Zsolt Mráv 139 Elôzetes jelentés a Dabas – Közép-domb középkori település feltárásáról Berecz Barbara Preliminary report on the excavation of the Medieval settlement of Dabas – Közép-domb by Barbara Berecz 163 Fapince a váci német hospes-település területén Mészáros Orsolya Timber framed cellar in the area of the German hospes settlement in Vác by Orsolya Mészáros 177 Természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok Paks – Cseresznyés (M6 autópálya TO18) régészeti lelôhelyrôl Oláh István, Kele Sándor, Ács Zsófia The natural and artificial building material of the site Paks – Cseresznyés (M6 Motorway, Site TO18) by István Oláh, Sándor Kele and Zsófia Ács 197 1. A régészeti kutatás (Ács Zsófia) / The archaeological research (by Zsófia Ács) 197 2. A természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok petrográfiai és stabil izotópgeokémiai vizsgálata (Oláh István, Kele Sándor) / Petrographic and stable isotope geochemical analyses of the natural and artificial building material (by István Oláh and Sándor Kele) 205 Késô rézkori település, középsô bronzkori hamvasztásos sír és Árpád-kori temetôrészlet Mernye határában Skriba Péter, Nagy Borbála, Reményi László, László Orsolya, Kreiter Attila, Tóth Mária, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén Late Copper Age settlement, Middle Bronze Age cremation burial and a fragment of an Árpádian Age cemetery on the outskirts of Mernye by Péter Skriba, Borbála Nagy, László Reményi, Orsolya László, Attila Kreiter, Mária Tóth, Beáta Tugya and Irén Szilágyi-Gábor 249 1. A lelôhely és a körülmények (Skriba Péter) The site and the archaeological context (by Péter Skriba) 249 2. A Baden kultúra településrészlete (Nagy Borbála, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén) Part of a Baden settlement (by Borbála Nagy, Beáta Tugya and Irén Szilágyi-Gábor) 253
In Türk, A. (Főszerk.) 2017. Hadak útján XXIV. A népvándorláskor fiatal kutatóinak XXIV. konferenciája. Esztergom 2014. november 4–6. 2. kötet – Conference of Young Scholars on the Migration Period November 4–6, 2014, Esztergom Volume 2, 2017
The excavation of the cemetery (Dunaszentgyörgy-Kaszás tanya, RM-20) was carried out by Csaba Kál... more The excavation of the cemetery (Dunaszentgyörgy-Kaszás tanya, RM-20) was carried out by Csaba Kálmán Kiss prior to the construction of the M6 Motorway in 2009. During the excavation 372 graves came to light representing the Middle and Late Avar periods. Approximately two-third or three-quarter of the cemetery was excavated. From the 372 graves, 75 contained ceramics. Altogether 82 ceramics came to light, 47.5% of which are fast-wheeled, 9.8% are slow-wheeled and 42.7% are hand-built. The ceramic assemblage represents all the vessel types that are characteristic of south-east Transdanubia. Therefore, possible relationships between each pottery types could be examined through the 74 samples which were selected for petrographic analysis. Petrographic analysis was supplemented by XRD analysis on 29 samples and by XRF analyses on 30 samples. The results suggest that fast-wheeled grey, yellow and black vessels were made by specialists, probably in workshops. Specialisation is indicated by the unified technology and raw material of each ceramic type. Vessels made by higher technological standards were also fired in higher temperatures (800–900 °C). The composition of black ceramics, showing sand and pebble tempering, may correlate with their functions since these were also used for cooking. XRF analysis shows that some of the fast-wheeled grey and black vessels may not have been made locally, these may have been imported. Apart from the possibly non-local fabric group, other fabrics seem to cover the whole area of the cemetery. This implies that ceramics were made in a similar manner for a long period; ceramics were made in similar qualities through several generations. Slow-wheeled vessels represent a transition towards the fast wheel technique. Their technological relationship with fast-wheeled black vessels indicates that their fast-wheeled production was preceded by an ‘experimenting phase’. Hand-built vessels were most probably made in households and no specialised production was identified for this ceramic type. The majority of hand-built vessels belong to the first fabric group, in which fast-wheeled black and grey vessels are also present indicating that this raw material was also used by local workshops.
Uploads
A three-year research project has been carried out since 2015 by our interdisciplinary research group. The
majority of archaeometrical research is carried out by the related institutes at the University of Miskolc, but
other research organisations were also involved.
A fundamentally archaeometrical objective of the project is to perform a complex materials testing of the
archaeological finds that completely cover the fields of the professional activities of Avar Age ironworking, as
well as ceramic production, plant and animal remains.
The research programme is based on the unique Avar archaeological sites of Zamárdi-Kútvölgy and KaposvárFészerlak,
where iron metallurgical centres were found. The general aim of our research programme is to gain a
better understanding of Avar Age iron production technology and the artisans' environmental knowledge both in
a national and international context. By analysing archaeological, technological, archaeometrical and
archaeometallurgical data, we try to reconstruct Avar Age iron production from the preparation of ores to the
formation of iron artifacts.
This study presents the materials testing of the slag finds and iron artefacts (chemical analysis (XRF, ICP),
macro- and microstructural analysis (OM, SEM-EDS), mineralogical analysis (XRD)) as well as ceramic
petrographic and archaeobotanical analyses. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles, as well as the
fundamental manufacturing processes, applied by the Avars, were identified. We concluded that the nature of
archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination
The aim of petrographic analysis is to provide an insight into ceramic technological practices, in particular raw material preferences and tempering. Apart from the detailed analysis of these technological practices we also compare the two settlement parts and assess whether ceramic technology changed between the 10th and 13th centuries and if there were specific choices in the use of raw materials and tempers between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Petrographic compositional groups are very similar between the two settlement parts. According to petrographic analysis the examined ceramics were made from very similar raw materials. Thus, ceramics were made in a very similar way in the two settlement parts and characteristic technological differences could not be identified. Ceramics at both settlement parts can be characterised by variable sand/pebble tempering. These practices were used contemporarily, although fabric groups show high variability in the amount of sand and pebble tempering. Even though ceramic raw materials show high variability, their characteristics are similar (sand and pebble tempering), thus the ceramic technology did not show any identifiable change between the 10th and 13th centuries indicating a strong ceramic technological continuity in the examined period.
Virágos Gábor: Beköszöntô
Preface by Gábor Virágos 9
1. RÉSZ / PART 1
Kutatási beszámolók/Reports 11–74
2. RÉSZ / PART 2 75–
Tanulmányok / Essays 75
A Szombathely – zanati késô bronzkori temetô újabb két sírja (Természettudományos
vizsgálatokkal kiegészített anyagközlés) Ilon Gábor és Mihály Judith, Nyerges Éva, Tóth
Gábor, Radics András, Udvardi Balázs
Two new graves of the Szombathely – Zanat Late Bronze Age cemetery (Description
of the finds and the results of the scientific analyses) by Gábor Ilon, Judith Mihály, Éva
Nyerges, Gábor Tóth, András Radics and Balázs Udvardi 75
A kutyahús fogyasztásának archaeozoológiai bizonyítékai Tugya Beáta
The archaeozoological evidences of dog meat consumption by Beáta Tugya 99
Egy kora római kori sír Savaria territóriumán: Nemesbôd – Átalúton-kívül-dûlô lelôhelyrôl
(Elôzetes beszámoló) Fülöp Endre Norbert, Radics András, Tóth Gábor, Barta Andrea
An Early Roman Age grave in the territory of Savaria from the Site of Nemesbôd –
Átalúton-kívül-dûlô (Preliminary report) by Endre Norbert Fülöp, András Radics and
Andrea Barta 107
Fémberakással díszített kora császárkori phaleracsüngô Biatorbágyról (Pest megye,
Magyarország) Mráv Zsolt
Roman trifid phalera pendant with metal inlay decoration from Biatorbágy (Pest County,
Hungary) by Zsolt Mráv 139
Elôzetes jelentés a Dabas – Közép-domb középkori település feltárásáról Berecz
Barbara
Preliminary report on the excavation of the Medieval settlement of Dabas – Közép-domb
by Barbara Berecz 163
Fapince a váci német hospes-település területén Mészáros Orsolya
Timber framed cellar in the area of the German hospes settlement in Vác by Orsolya
Mészáros 177
Természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok Paks – Cseresznyés
(M6 autópálya TO18) régészeti lelôhelyrôl Oláh István, Kele Sándor, Ács Zsófia
The natural and artificial building material of the site Paks – Cseresznyés (M6 Motorway,
Site TO18) by István Oláh, Sándor Kele and Zsófia Ács 197
1. A régészeti kutatás (Ács Zsófia) / The archaeological research (by Zsófia Ács) 197
2. A természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok petrográfiai és stabil
izotópgeokémiai vizsgálata (Oláh István, Kele Sándor) / Petrographic and stable
isotope geochemical analyses of the natural and artificial building material (by István
Oláh and Sándor Kele) 205
Késô rézkori település, középsô bronzkori hamvasztásos sír és Árpád-kori
temetôrészlet Mernye határában Skriba Péter, Nagy Borbála, Reményi László, László
Orsolya, Kreiter Attila, Tóth Mária, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén
Late Copper Age settlement, Middle Bronze Age cremation burial and a fragment of an
Árpádian Age cemetery on the outskirts of Mernye by Péter Skriba, Borbála Nagy,
László Reményi, Orsolya László, Attila Kreiter, Mária Tóth, Beáta Tugya and Irén
Szilágyi-Gábor 249
1. A lelôhely és a körülmények (Skriba Péter)
The site and the archaeological context (by Péter Skriba) 249
2. A Baden kultúra településrészlete (Nagy Borbála, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén)
Part of a Baden settlement (by Borbála Nagy, Beáta Tugya and Irén Szilágyi-Gábor) 253
and black vessels may not have been made locally, these may have been imported. Apart from the possibly non-local fabric group, other fabrics seem to cover the whole area of the cemetery. This implies that ceramics were made in a similar manner for a long period; ceramics were made in similar qualities through several generations. Slow-wheeled vessels represent a transition towards the fast wheel technique. Their technological relationship with fast-wheeled black vessels indicates that their fast-wheeled production was preceded by an ‘experimenting phase’. Hand-built vessels were most probably made in households and no specialised production was identified for this ceramic type. The majority of hand-built vessels belong to the first fabric group, in which fast-wheeled black and grey vessels are also present indicating that this raw material was also used by local workshops.
A three-year research project has been carried out since 2015 by our interdisciplinary research group. The
majority of archaeometrical research is carried out by the related institutes at the University of Miskolc, but
other research organisations were also involved.
A fundamentally archaeometrical objective of the project is to perform a complex materials testing of the
archaeological finds that completely cover the fields of the professional activities of Avar Age ironworking, as
well as ceramic production, plant and animal remains.
The research programme is based on the unique Avar archaeological sites of Zamárdi-Kútvölgy and KaposvárFészerlak,
where iron metallurgical centres were found. The general aim of our research programme is to gain a
better understanding of Avar Age iron production technology and the artisans' environmental knowledge both in
a national and international context. By analysing archaeological, technological, archaeometrical and
archaeometallurgical data, we try to reconstruct Avar Age iron production from the preparation of ores to the
formation of iron artifacts.
This study presents the materials testing of the slag finds and iron artefacts (chemical analysis (XRF, ICP),
macro- and microstructural analysis (OM, SEM-EDS), mineralogical analysis (XRD)) as well as ceramic
petrographic and archaeobotanical analyses. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles, as well as the
fundamental manufacturing processes, applied by the Avars, were identified. We concluded that the nature of
archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination
The aim of petrographic analysis is to provide an insight into ceramic technological practices, in particular raw material preferences and tempering. Apart from the detailed analysis of these technological practices we also compare the two settlement parts and assess whether ceramic technology changed between the 10th and 13th centuries and if there were specific choices in the use of raw materials and tempers between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Petrographic compositional groups are very similar between the two settlement parts. According to petrographic analysis the examined ceramics were made from very similar raw materials. Thus, ceramics were made in a very similar way in the two settlement parts and characteristic technological differences could not be identified. Ceramics at both settlement parts can be characterised by variable sand/pebble tempering. These practices were used contemporarily, although fabric groups show high variability in the amount of sand and pebble tempering. Even though ceramic raw materials show high variability, their characteristics are similar (sand and pebble tempering), thus the ceramic technology did not show any identifiable change between the 10th and 13th centuries indicating a strong ceramic technological continuity in the examined period.
Virágos Gábor: Beköszöntô
Preface by Gábor Virágos 9
1. RÉSZ / PART 1
Kutatási beszámolók/Reports 11–74
2. RÉSZ / PART 2 75–
Tanulmányok / Essays 75
A Szombathely – zanati késô bronzkori temetô újabb két sírja (Természettudományos
vizsgálatokkal kiegészített anyagközlés) Ilon Gábor és Mihály Judith, Nyerges Éva, Tóth
Gábor, Radics András, Udvardi Balázs
Two new graves of the Szombathely – Zanat Late Bronze Age cemetery (Description
of the finds and the results of the scientific analyses) by Gábor Ilon, Judith Mihály, Éva
Nyerges, Gábor Tóth, András Radics and Balázs Udvardi 75
A kutyahús fogyasztásának archaeozoológiai bizonyítékai Tugya Beáta
The archaeozoological evidences of dog meat consumption by Beáta Tugya 99
Egy kora római kori sír Savaria territóriumán: Nemesbôd – Átalúton-kívül-dûlô lelôhelyrôl
(Elôzetes beszámoló) Fülöp Endre Norbert, Radics András, Tóth Gábor, Barta Andrea
An Early Roman Age grave in the territory of Savaria from the Site of Nemesbôd –
Átalúton-kívül-dûlô (Preliminary report) by Endre Norbert Fülöp, András Radics and
Andrea Barta 107
Fémberakással díszített kora császárkori phaleracsüngô Biatorbágyról (Pest megye,
Magyarország) Mráv Zsolt
Roman trifid phalera pendant with metal inlay decoration from Biatorbágy (Pest County,
Hungary) by Zsolt Mráv 139
Elôzetes jelentés a Dabas – Közép-domb középkori település feltárásáról Berecz
Barbara
Preliminary report on the excavation of the Medieval settlement of Dabas – Közép-domb
by Barbara Berecz 163
Fapince a váci német hospes-település területén Mészáros Orsolya
Timber framed cellar in the area of the German hospes settlement in Vác by Orsolya
Mészáros 177
Természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok Paks – Cseresznyés
(M6 autópálya TO18) régészeti lelôhelyrôl Oláh István, Kele Sándor, Ács Zsófia
The natural and artificial building material of the site Paks – Cseresznyés (M6 Motorway,
Site TO18) by István Oláh, Sándor Kele and Zsófia Ács 197
1. A régészeti kutatás (Ács Zsófia) / The archaeological research (by Zsófia Ács) 197
2. A természetes és mesterséges eredetû építôanyagok petrográfiai és stabil
izotópgeokémiai vizsgálata (Oláh István, Kele Sándor) / Petrographic and stable
isotope geochemical analyses of the natural and artificial building material (by István
Oláh and Sándor Kele) 205
Késô rézkori település, középsô bronzkori hamvasztásos sír és Árpád-kori
temetôrészlet Mernye határában Skriba Péter, Nagy Borbála, Reményi László, László
Orsolya, Kreiter Attila, Tóth Mária, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén
Late Copper Age settlement, Middle Bronze Age cremation burial and a fragment of an
Árpádian Age cemetery on the outskirts of Mernye by Péter Skriba, Borbála Nagy,
László Reményi, Orsolya László, Attila Kreiter, Mária Tóth, Beáta Tugya and Irén
Szilágyi-Gábor 249
1. A lelôhely és a körülmények (Skriba Péter)
The site and the archaeological context (by Péter Skriba) 249
2. A Baden kultúra településrészlete (Nagy Borbála, Tugya Beáta, Szilágyi-Gábor Irén)
Part of a Baden settlement (by Borbála Nagy, Beáta Tugya and Irén Szilágyi-Gábor) 253
and black vessels may not have been made locally, these may have been imported. Apart from the possibly non-local fabric group, other fabrics seem to cover the whole area of the cemetery. This implies that ceramics were made in a similar manner for a long period; ceramics were made in similar qualities through several generations. Slow-wheeled vessels represent a transition towards the fast wheel technique. Their technological relationship with fast-wheeled black vessels indicates that their fast-wheeled production was preceded by an ‘experimenting phase’. Hand-built vessels were most probably made in households and no specialised production was identified for this ceramic type. The majority of hand-built vessels belong to the first fabric group, in which fast-wheeled black and grey vessels are also present indicating that this raw material was also used by local workshops.