This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of E... more This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of English as a second language at a language institute for international adult students in the United States. To understand the dynamics of this learner's participation, we focus on how she constructed gender identity and learner identity in interaction. Our analysis indicates that although the class content was not designed to elicit biographic information from students, this learner agentively managed her gender identity expression, which, at times, was met with challenge by her peers. As a second language learner, she self-positioned both as a lazy student and an effective language user – contradictory positionings that might be explained by the disconnection between the class content and the cultural capital that she sought to gain. Our study extends research on investment in second language learning by examining identity positioning in actual discourses and by linking classroom interaction and the learner's experiences outside of the classroom. The analysis can also inform researchers and teachers about the complexities and nuances of gender identity construction and negotiation in classroom discourse.
This paper uses conversation analysis to examine when Vietnamese speakers explicitly mark the sou... more This paper uses conversation analysis to examine when Vietnamese speakers explicitly mark the source of represented talk or thought (RT) and when they may omit the RTs source in narratives in dyadic and multiparty family conversations. In Vietnamese, a pro-drop, non-inflectional language, RTs may be introduced by a verb of speaking and its subject, a verb of speaking without the subject, or no verb of speaking and no subject. The analysis focuses on how these three choices are employed in the sequential organization of narrative series, narrative participation frameworks, and narrative dramatization. The findings contribute to current understandings about source marking through linguistic devices as an interactional practice in conversations in addition to other resources such as voicing and embodied actions.
This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of E... more This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of English as a second language at a language institute for international adult students in the United States. To understand the dynamics of this learner’s participation, we focus on how she constructed gender identity and learner identity in interaction. Our analysis indicates that although the class content was not designed to elicit biographic information from students, this learner agentively managed her gender identity expression, which, at times, was met with challenge by her peers. As a second language learner, she self-positioned both as a lazy student and an effective language user – contradictory positionings that might be explained by the disconnection between the class content and the cultural capital that she sought to gain. Our study extends research on investment in second language learning by examining identity positioning in actual discourses and by linking classroom interaction and the learner’s experiences outside of the classroom. The analysis can also inform researchers and teachers about the complexities and nuances of gender identity construction and negotiation in classroom discourse. [link to full article (up to 50 downloads) http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/qw2iWheVEZPznAGXDgcc/full]
Although the 3 prime questions (“What did your doctor tell you the medication is for?” “How did y... more Although the 3 prime questions (“What did your doctor tell you the medication is for?” “How did your doctor tell you to take the medication?,” and “What did your doctor tell you to expect?”) have been recommended as a way to implement an interactive approach to patient's counseling in pharmacy, research examining how these questions are actually used in practice is relatively sparse. Qualitative approaches might assist to inform pertinent questions that might challenge prevailing paradigms. This commentary calls for a close look at how novice pharmacists in training manage these questions in real-life patient's consultations. These examples are aimed to provide preliminary observations about (1) how the prime questions in their original and modified forms are treated by pharmacists in training and patients, and (2) the interactional functions that the prime questions and similar questions may serve. Preliminary observations based on a conversation analysis of these examples show that the open-ended nature of the original prime questions sometimes leads to interactional problems such as delays in patients' responses and pharmacists' revision of the questions. Modified question formats that involve the use of specific knowledge expected to be possessed by a pharmacist, such as declarative questions and Q-word questions with concrete information, may lead to smoother interaction. Finally, questions about the purpose of the therapy may also be used to create opportunities to express empathy toward the patient or to shift the zone of expertise to the doctor. These initial findings suggest a more context sensitive and adaptive approach to communication in pharmacy.
In this paper we compare authentic fast-food ordering transactions with EFL textbook dialogs in ... more In this paper we compare authentic fast-food ordering transactions with EFL textbook dialogs in order to assist teachers and materials writers in the development of students’ communication skills. Using conversation analysis (CA) and drawing on the concepts of communicative competence and interactional competence, we first provide a detailed description of a small sample of real-life transactions and then compare these with the dialogs in textbooks used in Japan, including some successive editions. We demonstrate that the textbook dialogs differ from the recorded real-life interactions in the sequencing of actions and completeness of actions. In the context of the findings, we suggest implications for language teaching and materials development.
本論は、学習者のコミュニケーション能力の育成を目指す教師や教科書執筆者に助力するため、ファストフード店での注文のやりとりについて、オーセンティックな対話とEFL教科書にある対話文とを比較する。会話分析（CA）の手法を用い、コミュニケーション能力やインタラクション能力の概念に基づいて、まず現実のやりとりのデータサンプルを詳細に記述し、その後日本で使われている教科書の対話文と比較する。ここで検証された教科書の対話文が、録音された現実のやりとりとは一連の行為進行や行為の完了の面において異なっているということを論証する。この研究結果に照らして、言語教育や教材開発への提案を行う。
This paper examines naturally occurring conversations between two co-workers in a restaurant kitc... more This paper examines naturally occurring conversations between two co-workers in a restaurant kitchen. Using conversation analysis, we show how the recipient's responses in storytelling sequences progressed from alignment to affiliation as the storytelling unfolded. Affiliation responses were also found to shift from weak forms to strong forms toward the end of the storytelling sequences. In light of the analysis, we discuss the implications for English language learning teaching and materials development.
This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of E... more This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of English as a second language at a language institute for international adult students in the United States. To understand the dynamics of this learner's participation, we focus on how she constructed gender identity and learner identity in interaction. Our analysis indicates that although the class content was not designed to elicit biographic information from students, this learner agentively managed her gender identity expression, which, at times, was met with challenge by her peers. As a second language learner, she self-positioned both as a lazy student and an effective language user – contradictory positionings that might be explained by the disconnection between the class content and the cultural capital that she sought to gain. Our study extends research on investment in second language learning by examining identity positioning in actual discourses and by linking classroom interaction and the learner's experiences outside of the classroom. The analysis can also inform researchers and teachers about the complexities and nuances of gender identity construction and negotiation in classroom discourse.
This paper uses conversation analysis to examine when Vietnamese speakers explicitly mark the sou... more This paper uses conversation analysis to examine when Vietnamese speakers explicitly mark the source of represented talk or thought (RT) and when they may omit the RTs source in narratives in dyadic and multiparty family conversations. In Vietnamese, a pro-drop, non-inflectional language, RTs may be introduced by a verb of speaking and its subject, a verb of speaking without the subject, or no verb of speaking and no subject. The analysis focuses on how these three choices are employed in the sequential organization of narrative series, narrative participation frameworks, and narrative dramatization. The findings contribute to current understandings about source marking through linguistic devices as an interactional practice in conversations in addition to other resources such as voicing and embodied actions.
This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of E... more This case study examines the classroom participation of a Korean queer (transgender) learner of English as a second language at a language institute for international adult students in the United States. To understand the dynamics of this learner’s participation, we focus on how she constructed gender identity and learner identity in interaction. Our analysis indicates that although the class content was not designed to elicit biographic information from students, this learner agentively managed her gender identity expression, which, at times, was met with challenge by her peers. As a second language learner, she self-positioned both as a lazy student and an effective language user – contradictory positionings that might be explained by the disconnection between the class content and the cultural capital that she sought to gain. Our study extends research on investment in second language learning by examining identity positioning in actual discourses and by linking classroom interaction and the learner’s experiences outside of the classroom. The analysis can also inform researchers and teachers about the complexities and nuances of gender identity construction and negotiation in classroom discourse. [link to full article (up to 50 downloads) http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/qw2iWheVEZPznAGXDgcc/full]
Although the 3 prime questions (“What did your doctor tell you the medication is for?” “How did y... more Although the 3 prime questions (“What did your doctor tell you the medication is for?” “How did your doctor tell you to take the medication?,” and “What did your doctor tell you to expect?”) have been recommended as a way to implement an interactive approach to patient's counseling in pharmacy, research examining how these questions are actually used in practice is relatively sparse. Qualitative approaches might assist to inform pertinent questions that might challenge prevailing paradigms. This commentary calls for a close look at how novice pharmacists in training manage these questions in real-life patient's consultations. These examples are aimed to provide preliminary observations about (1) how the prime questions in their original and modified forms are treated by pharmacists in training and patients, and (2) the interactional functions that the prime questions and similar questions may serve. Preliminary observations based on a conversation analysis of these examples show that the open-ended nature of the original prime questions sometimes leads to interactional problems such as delays in patients' responses and pharmacists' revision of the questions. Modified question formats that involve the use of specific knowledge expected to be possessed by a pharmacist, such as declarative questions and Q-word questions with concrete information, may lead to smoother interaction. Finally, questions about the purpose of the therapy may also be used to create opportunities to express empathy toward the patient or to shift the zone of expertise to the doctor. These initial findings suggest a more context sensitive and adaptive approach to communication in pharmacy.
In this paper we compare authentic fast-food ordering transactions with EFL textbook dialogs in ... more In this paper we compare authentic fast-food ordering transactions with EFL textbook dialogs in order to assist teachers and materials writers in the development of students’ communication skills. Using conversation analysis (CA) and drawing on the concepts of communicative competence and interactional competence, we first provide a detailed description of a small sample of real-life transactions and then compare these with the dialogs in textbooks used in Japan, including some successive editions. We demonstrate that the textbook dialogs differ from the recorded real-life interactions in the sequencing of actions and completeness of actions. In the context of the findings, we suggest implications for language teaching and materials development.
本論は、学習者のコミュニケーション能力の育成を目指す教師や教科書執筆者に助力するため、ファストフード店での注文のやりとりについて、オーセンティックな対話とEFL教科書にある対話文とを比較する。会話分析（CA）の手法を用い、コミュニケーション能力やインタラクション能力の概念に基づいて、まず現実のやりとりのデータサンプルを詳細に記述し、その後日本で使われている教科書の対話文と比較する。ここで検証された教科書の対話文が、録音された現実のやりとりとは一連の行為進行や行為の完了の面において異なっているということを論証する。この研究結果に照らして、言語教育や教材開発への提案を行う。
This paper examines naturally occurring conversations between two co-workers in a restaurant kitc... more This paper examines naturally occurring conversations between two co-workers in a restaurant kitchen. Using conversation analysis, we show how the recipient's responses in storytelling sequences progressed from alignment to affiliation as the storytelling unfolded. Affiliation responses were also found to shift from weak forms to strong forms toward the end of the storytelling sequences. In light of the analysis, we discuss the implications for English language learning teaching and materials development.
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本論は、学習者のコミュニケーション能力の育成を目指す教師や教科書執筆者に助力するため、ファストフード店での注文のやりとりについて、オーセンティックな対話とEFL教科書にある対話文とを比較する。会話分析（CA）の手法を用い、コミュニケーション能力やインタラクション能力の概念に基づいて、まず現実のやりとりのデータサンプルを詳細に記述し、その後日本で使われている教科書の対話文と比較する。ここで検証された教科書の対話文が、録音された現実のやりとりとは一連の行為進行や行為の完了の面において異なっているということを論証する。この研究結果に照らして、言語教育や教材開発への提案を行う。
本論は、学習者のコミュニケーション能力の育成を目指す教師や教科書執筆者に助力するため、ファストフード店での注文のやりとりについて、オーセンティックな対話とEFL教科書にある対話文とを比較する。会話分析（CA）の手法を用い、コミュニケーション能力やインタラクション能力の概念に基づいて、まず現実のやりとりのデータサンプルを詳細に記述し、その後日本で使われている教科書の対話文と比較する。ここで検証された教科書の対話文が、録音された現実のやりとりとは一連の行為進行や行為の完了の面において異なっているということを論証する。この研究結果に照らして、言語教育や教材開発への提案を行う。