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Joshua Lederberg

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Joshua Lederberg

Joshua Lederberg (rođen u Montclair, New Jersey, 23. svibnja, 1925. – 2. veljače 2008.) bio je američki molekularni biolog, koji je poznat po svom radu na području genetika, umjetne inteligencije, istraživanju svemira. Godine 1958. dobio je pola Nobelove nagrade za fiziologiju ili medicinu za svoje istraživanje genske strukture i funkcije mikroorganizama. Te godine, drugu polovicu nagrade su podijelili Edward Lawrie Tatum i George Wells Beadle.

Vanjske poveznice

[uredi | uredi kôd]

Nobel - životopis

v • u Dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziologiju ili medicinu

1900-ih	1901. Emil Adolf von Behring • 1902. Ronald Ross • 1903. Niels Ryberg Finsen • 1904. Ivan Petrovič Pavlov • 1905. Robert Koch • 1906. Camillo Golgi i Santiago Ramón y Cajal • 1907. Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran • 1908. Ilja Iljič Mečnikov i Paul Ehrlich • 1909. Emil Theodor Kocher

1910-ih	1910. Albrecht Kossel • 1911. Allvar Gullstrand • 1912. Alexis Carrel • 1913. Charles Robert Richet • 1914. Robert Bárány • 1919. Jules Bordet

1920-ih	1920. Schack August Steenberg Krogh • 1922. Archibald Vivian Hill i Otto Fritz Meyerhof • 1923. Frederick Grant Banting i John James Rickard Macleod • 1924. Willem Einthoven • 1926. Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger • 1927. Julius Wagner-Jauregg • 1928. Charles Jules Henri Nicolle • 1929. Christiaan Eijkman i Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins

1930-ih	1930. Karl Landsteiner • 1931. Otto Heinrich Warburg • 1932. Sir Charles Scott Sherrington i Edgar Douglas Adrian • 1933. Thomas Hunt Morgan • 1934. George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot i William Parry Murphy • 1935. Hans Spemann • 1936. Sir Henry Hallett Dale i Otto Loewi • 1937. Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt • 1938. Corneille Jean François Heymans • 1939. Gerhard Domagk

1940-ih	1943. Henrik Carl Peter Dam i Edward Adelbert Doisy • 1944. Joseph Erlanger i Herbert Spencer Gasser • 1945. Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain i Sir Howard Walter Florey • 1946. Hermann Joseph Muller • 1947. Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Theresa Cori (rođena Radnitz) i Bernardo Alberto Houssay • 1948. Paul Hermann Müller • 1949. Walter Rudolf Hess i Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz

1950-ih	1950. Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein i Philip Showalter Hench • 1951. Max Theiler • 1952. Selman Abraham Waksman • 1953. Hans Adolf Krebs i Fritz Albert Lipmann • 1954. John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller i Frederick Chapman Robbins • 1955. Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell • 1956. André Frédéric Cournand i Werner Forßmann, Dickinson W. Richards • 1957. Daniel Bovet • 1958. George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum i Joshua Lederberg • 1959. Severo Ochoa i Arthur Kornberg

1960-ih	1960. Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet i Peter Brian Medawar • 1961. Georg von Békésy • 1962. Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson i Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins • 1963. Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin i Andrew Fielding Huxley • 1964. Konrad Bloch i Feodor Lynen • 1965. François Jacob, André Lwoff i Jacques Monod • 1966. Peyton Rous i Charles Brenton Huggins • 1967. Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline i George Wald • 1968. Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana i Marshall W. Nirenberg • 1969. Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey i Salvador E. Luria

1970-ih	1970. Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler i Julius Axelrod • 1971. Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. • 1972. Gerald M. Edelman i Rodney R. Porter • 1973. Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz i Nikolaas Tinbergen • 1974. Albert Claude, Christian de Duve i George E. Palade • 1975. David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco i Howard Martin Temin • 1976. Baruch S. Blumberg i D. Carleton Gajdusek • 1977. Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally i Rosalyn Yalow • 1978. Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans i Hamilton O. Smith • 1979. Allan M. Cormack i Godfrey N. Hounsfield

1980-ih	1980. Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset i George D. Snell • 1981. Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel i Torsten N. Wiesel • 1982. Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson i John R. Vane • 1983. Barbara McClintock • 1984. Niels K. Jerne, Georges J. F. Köhler i César Milstein • 1985. Michael S. Brown i Joseph L. Goldstein • 1986. Stanley Cohen i Rita Levi-Montalcini • 1987. Susumu Tonegawa • 1988. Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion i George H. Hitchings • 1989. J. Michael Bishop i Harold E. Varmus

1990-ih	1990. Joseph E. Murray i E. Donnall Thomas • 1991. Erwin Neher i Bert Sakmann • 1992. Edmond H. Fischer i Edwin G. Krebs • 1993. Richard J. Roberts i Phillip A. Sharp • 1994. Alfred G. Gilman i Martin Rodbell • 1995. Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard i Eric F. Wieschaus • 1996. Peter C. Doherty i Rolf M. Zinkernagel • 1997. Stanley B. Prusiner • 1998. Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro i Ferid Murad • 1999. Günter Blobel

2000-ih	2000. Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard i Eric Kandel • 2001. Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt i Paul M. Nurse • 2002. Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz i John E. Sulston • 2003. Paul Lauterbur i Sir Peter Mansfield • 2004. Linda B. Buck i Richard Axel • 2005. Barry J. Marshall i Robin Warren • 2006. Andrew Fire i Craig Mello • 2007. Mario Capecchi, Sir Martin Evans i Oliver Smithies • 2008. Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi i Luc Montagnier • 2009. Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider i Jack W. Szostak •

2010-ih	2010. Robert G. Edwards • 2011. Bruce Beutler, Jules Hoffmann i Ralph Steinman • 2012. Sir John Gurdon i Shinya Yamanaka • 2013. James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman i Thomas C. Südhof • 2014. John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser i Edvard I. Moser • 2015. William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura i Youyou Tu • 2016. Ōsumi • 2017. Hall, Rosbash, Young • 2018. Allison, Honjo • 2019. Kaelin, Ratcliffe, Semenza

2020-ih	2020. Michael Houghton, Harvey J. Alter, Charles M. Rice • 2021. David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian • 2022. Svante Pääbo • 2023. Katalin Karikó, Drew Weissman • 2024. Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun

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