A study was carried out for ten weeks to evaluate effect of including treated and untreated jatro... more A study was carried out for ten weeks to evaluate effect of including treated and untreated jatropha seed meal (JSM) in the ration on feed intake, body weight gain, mortality, and carcass and meat quality traits of Koekoek chicks. Chicks were allotted in five treatment diets with replications and 20 chicks per replication in a completely randomized design. Treatment diets were: T1 = control, T2 = (T1 ? untreated), T3 = (T1 ? heat treated), T4 = (T1 ? NaOH treated) and T5 = (T1 ? yeast treated JSM) in which 5% of soybean in T1 was replaced by the respective JSM in T2-T5. The daily body weight gain (DBWG)) was higher (p \ 0.05) for chicks fed on T1 and T4 than chicks on T2, T3 and T5. Chicks fed on T1 and T4 diets had higher feed intake than those kept on T2, T3 and T5 diets at (p \ 0.05). Chicks receiving the T2 diets had highest FCR followed by T5, T3, T4 and T1, respectively. However there were no significant variations among all the treatment groups. Chicks fed T2 had higher (p \ 0.05) mortality rate than chicks in T1, T3 and T4 diets. Slaughter and dressed carcass weight of chicken fed the control diet were significantly the highest (p \ 0.05) and T2 was lowest of all other chicken fed treated experimental diets. Thus, it can be concluded that chicks under T1 and T4 had better DBWG, FCR, final body weight and better survivability and carcass characteristics than chicks receiving diets with T2 followed by T3 and T5. Therefore, inclusion of NaOH treated JSM could be used to substitute soybean seed in the diets of growing chicks.
Seed meal of Jatropha that is obtained after extracting the oil has high nutritive value in terms... more Seed meal of Jatropha that is obtained after extracting the oil has high nutritive value in terms of crude protein that can be used as animal feed. However, Jatropha seed meal contains several anti-nutritive compounds that can be probably toxic to animals. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effects of different treatment methods on the composition of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors and metabolizable energy content of Jatropha seed meal. The seed meal was collected from a biodiesel industry at Bati, Oromia Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia and treated using sodium hydroxide, backing yeast and heat and compared with the control (untreated) jatropha seed meal. The nutrient composition (Ash, Crude Protein, Ether Extract, Crude Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber and Acid Detergent Lignin), Phorbol ester, metabolizable energy and non-fiber carbohydrate contents were estimated using the standard formula. The result indicates that crude protein co...
Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good qu... more Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good quality animal protein in the form of meat and eggs. This study was conducted to assess egg fertility, hatchability and egg quality parameters of indigenous chickens in the Hulla, Aleta Wondo and Dale districts, representing highland, midland and lowland agroecologies, respectively. Six kebeles (two kebeles from each district) were purposively selected based on a lower distribution of exotic chickens. A total of 750 eggs of indigenous chicken were collected from three different agro-ecologies, 450 eggs were used for fertility and hatchability evaluation, and 300 eggs were used for internal and external quality analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.0 packages. The results indicated that agroecology has no significant effect on the fertility (78.17%) and hatchability on total egg basis (63.1%) and hatchability on fertile egg basis (84.1%) of indigenous chicken eggs. The values of egg weight (49.50±5.52 (Mean±SD)), egg length (53.25±2.80), shell weight (4.38±0.66), yolk weight (17.86±1.96), and yolk diameter (41.40±2.09) and albumen weight (25.47±3.39) of eggs collected from midland were higher than those of eggs from highland and lowland areas. However, the highest values for albumen height (6.26±1.03), yolk height (16.80±1.10) and Haugh unit (84.23±6.73) were observed on eggs collected from highland agroecology. In conclusion, agroecology has no effect on the fertility and hatchability of indigenous chicken eggs. However, agroecology significantly affects the internal and external egg quality of indigenous chicken eggs. Therefore, the storage condition and duration of storage need consideration to maintain the external and internal quality of eggs.
Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good qu... more Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good quality animal protein in the form of meat and eggs. This study was conducted to assess egg fertility, hatchability and egg quality parameters of indigenous chickens in the Hulla, Aleta Wondo and Dale districts, representing highland, midland and lowland agroecologies, respectively. Six kebeles (two kebeles from each district) were purposively selected based on a lower distribution of exotic chickens. A total of 750 eggs of indigenous chicken were collected from three different agro-ecologies, 450 eggs were used for fertility and hatchability evaluation, and 300 eggs were used for internal and external quality analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.0 packages. The results indicated that agroecology has no significant effect on the fertility (78.17%) and hatchability on total egg basis (63.1%) and hatchability on fertile egg basis (84.1%) of indigenous chicken eggs. The values of egg weight (49.50±5.52 (Mean±SD)), egg length (53.25±2.80), shell weight (4.38±0.66), yolk weight (17.86±1.96), and yolk diameter (41.40±2.09) and albumen weight (25.47±3.39) of eggs collected from midland were higher than those of eggs from highland and lowland areas. However, the highest values for albumen height (6.26±1.03), yolk height (16.80±1.10) and Haugh unit (84.23±6.73) were observed on eggs collected from highland agroecology. In conclusion, agroecology has no effect on the fertility and hatchability of indigenous chicken eggs. However, agroecology significantly affects the internal and external egg quality of indigenous chicken eggs. Therefore, the storage condition and duration of storage need consideration to maintain the external and internal quality of eggs.
Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Th... more Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Thus alternative and cheaper non-conventional feedstuffs should be assessed in order to broaden sources of ingredients. Jatropha curcas seed meal is one of the non-conventional feed ingredients that can be used for poultry feed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of treated and untreated Jatropha seed meal on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production and egg quality traits. A feeding trial was carried out for eight weeks at Hawassa University, with 250 Lohmann Brown commercial layers (42 weeks old). Chicken were allotted to five treatment diets replicated five times with 10 hens per replication in a completely randomized design. The control treatment (T1) represents the standard poultry feed that contained 42% white maize, 15% wheat bran, 7% noug cake, 25% soybean, 4% bone and meat meal, 4% limestone, 2.5% Premix and 0.5% salt. In the treatments T2 to T5, 5% of soybean seed in T1 was replaced by 1.25% untreated and treated Jatropha seed meal where T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained untreated, heat-treated, NaOH-treated and T5 yeast treated Jatropha seed meal, respectively. There were significant variations in daily feed intake, food conversion rate, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production and mortality among treatment groups. Chicken receiving T2 had reduced daily feed intake compared to hens that were fed on all other diets (p<0.05). Chickens reared under T1 had lower values of food conversion rate and mortality than chickens kept on all other diets (p<0.05). There was no significant differences among all treatment groups in egg shape index, egg weight and shell thickness. Substituting 5% soybean with untreated jatropha seed meal influences most of the tested parameters in the present study. On the other hand, the replacement of 5% quantity of soybean with treated jatropha seed meal had no effects on hen-daily egg production, hen-house egg production, Egg shape index, Egg weight, Shell thickness, Albumin height, Yolk height, Yolk weight and Haugh Unit compared to the standard poultry diet (T1). Accordingly, 1.25% heat, NaOH and yeast-treated jatropha seed meal could be used to replace 5% of the soybean seed in the Lohmann Brown layers diet.
Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Th... more Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Thus alternative and cheaper non-conventional feedstuffs should be assessed in order to broaden sources of ingredients. Jatropha curcas seed meal is one of the non-conventional feed ingredients that can be used for poultry feed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of treated and untreated Jatropha seed meal on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production and egg quality traits. A feeding trial was carried out for eight weeks at Hawassa University, with 250 Lohmann Brown commercial layers (42 weeks old). Chicken were allotted to five treatment diets replicated five times with 10 hens per replication in a completely randomized design. The control treatment (T1) represents the standard poultry feed that contained 42% white maize, 15% wheat bran, 7% noug cake, 25% soybean, 4% bone and meat meal, 4% limestone, 2.5% Premix and 0.5% salt. In the treatments T2 to T5, 5% of soybean seed in T1 was replaced by 1.25% untreated and treated Jatropha seed meal where T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained untreated, heat-treated, NaOH-treated and T5 yeast treated Jatropha seed meal, respectively. There were significant variations in daily feed intake, food conversion rate, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production and mortality among treatment groups. Chicken receiving T2 had reduced daily feed intake compared to hens that were fed on all other diets (p<0.05). Chickens reared under T1 had lower values of food conversion rate and mortality than chickens kept on all other diets (p<0.05). There was no significant differences among all treatment groups in egg shape index, egg weight and shell thickness. Substituting 5% soybean with untreated jatropha seed meal influences most of the tested parameters in the present study. On the other hand, the replacement of 5% quantity of soybean with treated jatropha seed meal had no effects on hen-daily egg production, hen-house egg production, Egg shape index, Egg weight, Shell thickness, Albumin height, Yolk height, Yolk weight and Haugh Unit compared to the standard poultry diet (T1). Accordingly, 1.25% heat, NaOH and yeast-treated jatropha seed meal could be used to replace 5% of the soybean seed in the Lohmann Brown layers diet.
Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good qu... more Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good quality animal protein in the form of meat and eggs. This study was conducted to assess egg fertility, hatchability and egg quality parameters of indigenous chickens in the Hulla, Aleta Wondo and Dale districts, representing highland, midland and lowland agroecologies, respectively. Six kebeles (two kebeles from each district) were purposively selected based on a lower distribution of exotic chickens. A total of 750 eggs of indigenous chicken were collected from three different agro-ecologies, 450 eggs were used for fertility and hatchability evaluation, and 300 eggs were used for internal and external quality analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.0 packages. The results indicated that agroecology has no significant effect on the fertility (78.17%) and hatchability on total...
A study was carried out for ten weeks to evaluate effect of including treated and untreated jatro... more A study was carried out for ten weeks to evaluate effect of including treated and untreated jatropha seed meal (JSM) in the ration on feed intake, body weight gain, mortality, and carcass and meat quality traits of Koekoek chicks. Chicks were allotted in five treatment diets with replications and 20 chicks per replication in a completely randomized design. Treatment diets were: T1 = control, T2 = (T1 ? untreated), T3 = (T1 ? heat treated), T4 = (T1 ? NaOH treated) and T5 = (T1 ? yeast treated JSM) in which 5% of soybean in T1 was replaced by the respective JSM in T2-T5. The daily body weight gain (DBWG)) was higher (p \ 0.05) for chicks fed on T1 and T4 than chicks on T2, T3 and T5. Chicks fed on T1 and T4 diets had higher feed intake than those kept on T2, T3 and T5 diets at (p \ 0.05). Chicks receiving the T2 diets had highest FCR followed by T5, T3, T4 and T1, respectively. However there were no significant variations among all the treatment groups. Chicks fed T2 had higher (p \ 0.05) mortality rate than chicks in T1, T3 and T4 diets. Slaughter and dressed carcass weight of chicken fed the control diet were significantly the highest (p \ 0.05) and T2 was lowest of all other chicken fed treated experimental diets. Thus, it can be concluded that chicks under T1 and T4 had better DBWG, FCR, final body weight and better survivability and carcass characteristics than chicks receiving diets with T2 followed by T3 and T5. Therefore, inclusion of NaOH treated JSM could be used to substitute soybean seed in the diets of growing chicks.
Seed meal of Jatropha that is obtained after extracting the oil has high nutritive value in terms... more Seed meal of Jatropha that is obtained after extracting the oil has high nutritive value in terms of crude protein that can be used as animal feed. However, Jatropha seed meal contains several anti-nutritive compounds that can be probably toxic to animals. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effects of different treatment methods on the composition of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors and metabolizable energy content of Jatropha seed meal. The seed meal was collected from a biodiesel industry at Bati, Oromia Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia and treated using sodium hydroxide, backing yeast and heat and compared with the control (untreated) jatropha seed meal. The nutrient composition (Ash, Crude Protein, Ether Extract, Crude Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber and Acid Detergent Lignin), Phorbol ester, metabolizable energy and non-fiber carbohydrate contents were estimated using the standard formula. The result indicates that crude protein co...
Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good qu... more Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good quality animal protein in the form of meat and eggs. This study was conducted to assess egg fertility, hatchability and egg quality parameters of indigenous chickens in the Hulla, Aleta Wondo and Dale districts, representing highland, midland and lowland agroecologies, respectively. Six kebeles (two kebeles from each district) were purposively selected based on a lower distribution of exotic chickens. A total of 750 eggs of indigenous chicken were collected from three different agro-ecologies, 450 eggs were used for fertility and hatchability evaluation, and 300 eggs were used for internal and external quality analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.0 packages. The results indicated that agroecology has no significant effect on the fertility (78.17%) and hatchability on total egg basis (63.1%) and hatchability on fertile egg basis (84.1%) of indigenous chicken eggs. The values of egg weight (49.50±5.52 (Mean±SD)), egg length (53.25±2.80), shell weight (4.38±0.66), yolk weight (17.86±1.96), and yolk diameter (41.40±2.09) and albumen weight (25.47±3.39) of eggs collected from midland were higher than those of eggs from highland and lowland areas. However, the highest values for albumen height (6.26±1.03), yolk height (16.80±1.10) and Haugh unit (84.23±6.73) were observed on eggs collected from highland agroecology. In conclusion, agroecology has no effect on the fertility and hatchability of indigenous chicken eggs. However, agroecology significantly affects the internal and external egg quality of indigenous chicken eggs. Therefore, the storage condition and duration of storage need consideration to maintain the external and internal quality of eggs.
Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good qu... more Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good quality animal protein in the form of meat and eggs. This study was conducted to assess egg fertility, hatchability and egg quality parameters of indigenous chickens in the Hulla, Aleta Wondo and Dale districts, representing highland, midland and lowland agroecologies, respectively. Six kebeles (two kebeles from each district) were purposively selected based on a lower distribution of exotic chickens. A total of 750 eggs of indigenous chicken were collected from three different agro-ecologies, 450 eggs were used for fertility and hatchability evaluation, and 300 eggs were used for internal and external quality analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.0 packages. The results indicated that agroecology has no significant effect on the fertility (78.17%) and hatchability on total egg basis (63.1%) and hatchability on fertile egg basis (84.1%) of indigenous chicken eggs. The values of egg weight (49.50±5.52 (Mean±SD)), egg length (53.25±2.80), shell weight (4.38±0.66), yolk weight (17.86±1.96), and yolk diameter (41.40±2.09) and albumen weight (25.47±3.39) of eggs collected from midland were higher than those of eggs from highland and lowland areas. However, the highest values for albumen height (6.26±1.03), yolk height (16.80±1.10) and Haugh unit (84.23±6.73) were observed on eggs collected from highland agroecology. In conclusion, agroecology has no effect on the fertility and hatchability of indigenous chicken eggs. However, agroecology significantly affects the internal and external egg quality of indigenous chicken eggs. Therefore, the storage condition and duration of storage need consideration to maintain the external and internal quality of eggs.
Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Th... more Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Thus alternative and cheaper non-conventional feedstuffs should be assessed in order to broaden sources of ingredients. Jatropha curcas seed meal is one of the non-conventional feed ingredients that can be used for poultry feed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of treated and untreated Jatropha seed meal on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production and egg quality traits. A feeding trial was carried out for eight weeks at Hawassa University, with 250 Lohmann Brown commercial layers (42 weeks old). Chicken were allotted to five treatment diets replicated five times with 10 hens per replication in a completely randomized design. The control treatment (T1) represents the standard poultry feed that contained 42% white maize, 15% wheat bran, 7% noug cake, 25% soybean, 4% bone and meat meal, 4% limestone, 2.5% Premix and 0.5% salt. In the treatments T2 to T5, 5% of soybean seed in T1 was replaced by 1.25% untreated and treated Jatropha seed meal where T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained untreated, heat-treated, NaOH-treated and T5 yeast treated Jatropha seed meal, respectively. There were significant variations in daily feed intake, food conversion rate, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production and mortality among treatment groups. Chicken receiving T2 had reduced daily feed intake compared to hens that were fed on all other diets (p<0.05). Chickens reared under T1 had lower values of food conversion rate and mortality than chickens kept on all other diets (p<0.05). There was no significant differences among all treatment groups in egg shape index, egg weight and shell thickness. Substituting 5% soybean with untreated jatropha seed meal influences most of the tested parameters in the present study. On the other hand, the replacement of 5% quantity of soybean with treated jatropha seed meal had no effects on hen-daily egg production, hen-house egg production, Egg shape index, Egg weight, Shell thickness, Albumin height, Yolk height, Yolk weight and Haugh Unit compared to the standard poultry diet (T1). Accordingly, 1.25% heat, NaOH and yeast-treated jatropha seed meal could be used to replace 5% of the soybean seed in the Lohmann Brown layers diet.
Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Th... more Most of the protein source feedstuffs for poultry like soybean and soybean meal are expensive. Thus alternative and cheaper non-conventional feedstuffs should be assessed in order to broaden sources of ingredients. Jatropha curcas seed meal is one of the non-conventional feed ingredients that can be used for poultry feed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of treated and untreated Jatropha seed meal on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production and egg quality traits. A feeding trial was carried out for eight weeks at Hawassa University, with 250 Lohmann Brown commercial layers (42 weeks old). Chicken were allotted to five treatment diets replicated five times with 10 hens per replication in a completely randomized design. The control treatment (T1) represents the standard poultry feed that contained 42% white maize, 15% wheat bran, 7% noug cake, 25% soybean, 4% bone and meat meal, 4% limestone, 2.5% Premix and 0.5% salt. In the treatments T2 to T5, 5% of soybean seed in T1 was replaced by 1.25% untreated and treated Jatropha seed meal where T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained untreated, heat-treated, NaOH-treated and T5 yeast treated Jatropha seed meal, respectively. There were significant variations in daily feed intake, food conversion rate, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production and mortality among treatment groups. Chicken receiving T2 had reduced daily feed intake compared to hens that were fed on all other diets (p<0.05). Chickens reared under T1 had lower values of food conversion rate and mortality than chickens kept on all other diets (p<0.05). There was no significant differences among all treatment groups in egg shape index, egg weight and shell thickness. Substituting 5% soybean with untreated jatropha seed meal influences most of the tested parameters in the present study. On the other hand, the replacement of 5% quantity of soybean with treated jatropha seed meal had no effects on hen-daily egg production, hen-house egg production, Egg shape index, Egg weight, Shell thickness, Albumin height, Yolk height, Yolk weight and Haugh Unit compared to the standard poultry diet (T1). Accordingly, 1.25% heat, NaOH and yeast-treated jatropha seed meal could be used to replace 5% of the soybean seed in the Lohmann Brown layers diet.
Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good qu... more Poultry is one of the most important subsectors of livestock, supplying a cheap source of good quality animal protein in the form of meat and eggs. This study was conducted to assess egg fertility, hatchability and egg quality parameters of indigenous chickens in the Hulla, Aleta Wondo and Dale districts, representing highland, midland and lowland agroecologies, respectively. Six kebeles (two kebeles from each district) were purposively selected based on a lower distribution of exotic chickens. A total of 750 eggs of indigenous chicken were collected from three different agro-ecologies, 450 eggs were used for fertility and hatchability evaluation, and 300 eggs were used for internal and external quality analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.0 packages. The results indicated that agroecology has no significant effect on the fertility (78.17%) and hatchability on total...
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