There has been a long-standing debate concerning
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic cera... more There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of- Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
Abstract There has been a long-standing debate concerning
the extent to which the spread of Neoli... more Abstract There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “outof- Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic cera... more There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the "out-of-Taiwan" mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the "out-of-Taiwan" dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6-7 ka, where rice-farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size an... more The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. The extent to which its genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices is largely unknown. A common standard by which to analyze maternally-inherited variability of livestock species is through complete sequencing of the entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). We present the first extensive survey of goat mitogenomic variability based on 84 complete sequences selected from an initial collection of 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds of C. hircus, as well as its wild sister species, bezoar (Capra aegagrus) from Iran. Our phylogenetic analyses dated the most recent common ancestor of C. hircus to ~460,000 years (ka) ago and identified five distinctive domestic haplogroups (A, B1, C1a, D1 and G). More than 90 % of goats examined were in haplogroup A. These domestic lineages are predominantly nested within C. aegag...
Genetic studies support the scenario that Bos taurus domestication occurred in the Near East duri... more Genetic studies support the scenario that Bos taurus domestication occurred in the Near East during the Neolithic transition about 10 thousand years (ky) ago, with the likely exception of a minor secondary event in Italy. However, despite the proven effectiveness of whole mitochondrial genome data in providing valuable information concerning the origin of taurine cattle, until now no population surveys have been carried out at the level of mitogenomes in local breeds from the Near East or surrounding areas. Egypt is in close geographic and cultural proximity to the Near East, in particular the Nile Delta region, and was one of the first neighboring areas to adopt the Neolithic package. Thus, a survey of mitogenome variation of autochthonous taurine breeds from the Nile Delta region might provide new insights on the early spread of cattle rearing outside the Near East. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing we characterized the mitogenomes from two cattle breeds, Menofi (N = 17) a...
[This multi-authored paper on the use of archaeological DNA is significant to Myanmar because it ... more [This multi-authored paper on the use of archaeological DNA is significant to Myanmar because it is the first publication of DNA data from Myanmar derived from a database of over 500 samples collected by co-author Bob Hudson and members of the Field School of Archaeology, Pyay, in conjunction with Huddersfield University, UK. While only a small sample from Myanmar is used in this paper, further papers that focus more specifically on the archaeological genetics of Myanmar are forthcoming]. ****** ABSTRACT There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of- Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where rice farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
There has been a long-standing debate concerning
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic cera... more There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of- Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
Abstract There has been a long-standing debate concerning
the extent to which the spread of Neoli... more Abstract There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “outof- Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic cera... more There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the "out-of-Taiwan" mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the "out-of-Taiwan" dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6-7 ka, where rice-farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size an... more The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. The extent to which its genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices is largely unknown. A common standard by which to analyze maternally-inherited variability of livestock species is through complete sequencing of the entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). We present the first extensive survey of goat mitogenomic variability based on 84 complete sequences selected from an initial collection of 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds of C. hircus, as well as its wild sister species, bezoar (Capra aegagrus) from Iran. Our phylogenetic analyses dated the most recent common ancestor of C. hircus to ~460,000 years (ka) ago and identified five distinctive domestic haplogroups (A, B1, C1a, D1 and G). More than 90 % of goats examined were in haplogroup A. These domestic lineages are predominantly nested within C. aegag...
Genetic studies support the scenario that Bos taurus domestication occurred in the Near East duri... more Genetic studies support the scenario that Bos taurus domestication occurred in the Near East during the Neolithic transition about 10 thousand years (ky) ago, with the likely exception of a minor secondary event in Italy. However, despite the proven effectiveness of whole mitochondrial genome data in providing valuable information concerning the origin of taurine cattle, until now no population surveys have been carried out at the level of mitogenomes in local breeds from the Near East or surrounding areas. Egypt is in close geographic and cultural proximity to the Near East, in particular the Nile Delta region, and was one of the first neighboring areas to adopt the Neolithic package. Thus, a survey of mitogenome variation of autochthonous taurine breeds from the Nile Delta region might provide new insights on the early spread of cattle rearing outside the Near East. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing we characterized the mitogenomes from two cattle breeds, Menofi (N = 17) a...
[This multi-authored paper on the use of archaeological DNA is significant to Myanmar because it ... more [This multi-authored paper on the use of archaeological DNA is significant to Myanmar because it is the first publication of DNA data from Myanmar derived from a database of over 500 samples collected by co-author Bob Hudson and members of the Field School of Archaeology, Pyay, in conjunction with Huddersfield University, UK. While only a small sample from Myanmar is used in this paper, further papers that focus more specifically on the archaeological genetics of Myanmar are forthcoming]. ****** ABSTRACT There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of- Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where rice farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.
Uploads
Papers by Francesca Gandini
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics
and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia
(ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal
out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously
addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify
major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed
from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a
relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of
ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of
the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have
been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions
by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan
and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to
resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of-
Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier,
postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show
that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern
ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with
most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly
due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum.
Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters
previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming
originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous
Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal
into ISEA.
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics
and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia
(ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal
out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously
addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify
major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed
from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a
relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of
ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have
been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions
by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan
and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to
resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “outof-
Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier,
postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show
that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern
ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with
most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly
due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum.
Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters
previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming
originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous
Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal
into ISEA.
ABSTRACT
There has been a long-standing debate concerning
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics
and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia
(ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal
out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously
addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed
from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a
relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of
ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have
been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions
by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan
and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to
resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of-
Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier,
postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show
that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern
ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with
most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly
due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum.
Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters
previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where rice farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous
Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal
into ISEA.
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics
and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia
(ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal
out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously
addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify
major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed
from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a
relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of
ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of
the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have
been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions
by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan
and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to
resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of-
Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier,
postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show
that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern
ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with
most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly
due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum.
Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters
previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming
originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous
Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal
into ISEA.
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics
and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia
(ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal
out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously
addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify
major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed
from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a
relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of
ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have
been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions
by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan
and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to
resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “outof-
Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier,
postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show
that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern
ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with
most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly
due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum.
Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters
previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where ricefarming
originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous
Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal
into ISEA.
ABSTRACT
There has been a long-standing debate concerning
the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics
and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia
(ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal
out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously
addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed
from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a
relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of
ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have
been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions
by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan
and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to
resolve the overall proportion that participated in the “out-of-
Taiwan” mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier,
postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show
that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern
ISEA pool result from the “out-of-Taiwan” dispersal, with
most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly
due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum.
Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters
previously entered Taiwan from China, 6–7 ka, where rice farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous
Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal
into ISEA.