Tel Beth-Shean in the 10th-9th Centuries BCE: a Chronological Query and its Possible Archaeomagnetic Resolution. In: Erez Ben-Yosef and Ian W. N. Jones, “And in length of days understanding” (Job 12:12) - Essays on Archaeology in the 21st Century in Honor of Thomas E. Levy. Springer Nature, pp..., 2023
In this article, we show how an archaeomagnetic study can help resolve a chronological dilemma re... more In this article, we show how an archaeomagnetic study can help resolve a chronological dilemma related to the correlation and the relative and absolute dating of Iron IIA strata in two adjacent sites: Tel Beth-Shean and Tel Reḥov, located 5 km apart in the Beth-Shean Valley in northern Israel. The excavations at Tel Reḥov revealed three Iron IIA strata (VI-IV), two of which (V-IV), attributed to the late Iron IIA, yielded rich identical ceramic assemblages. These strata cover a time range from the late tenth century to the mid-to-late ninth century BCE, based on a significant number of radiocarbon dates, comparative studies and historical considerations. At Beth-Shean, massive structures of a public nature were found in Stratum S-1a, with pottery similar to that of Tel Reḥov V and IV, but it was difficult to provide a tighter dating. An archaeomagnetic study of burnt mudbricks and a burnt beehive at Tel Reḥov showed a clear difference between Stratum V and Stratum IV. The destruction of Stratum IV corresponded to the destructions of other sites, all attributed to Hazael's military campaign (s) to the region in the second half of the ninth century BCE. The magnetic signal recorded in the destruction of Stratum S-1a at Beth-Shean corresponded with that of the destruction of the apiary of Stratum V at Tel Reḥov (late tenth to early ninth centuries BCE) and is significantly different from that of Stratum IV at Tel Reḥov. These results, pointing to an earlier date of the destruction of Stratum S-1a at Beth-Shean, are significant for resolving chronological and historical questions
This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century B... more This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century BCE in the Beth Shean Valley, with emphasis on the excavations at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Reḥov. The evidence is evaluated in light of two transitions that occurred during this century: from the Iron Age I to the early Iron Age IIA and from the early Iron Age IIA to the late Iron Age IIA. These transitions and their dates are well documented by stratigraphic sequences, pottery development, and 14C dates, the latter mainly at Tel Reḥov. Stratum VI at Tel Reḥov is at the focus of this discussion since it is one of the few cases where the early Iron Age IIA could be isolated and documented, showing continuity of urban life in that period, with no actual crisis at the end of the Iron Age I. This is in contrast to the situation at many other sites such as Tel Beth Shean, Megiddo, Yoqne'am, and Tel Kinneret, where a crisis at the end of the Iron Age I followed by decline or occupational gaps and slow revival in the late 10th century were observed. The article deals with various aspects of the material culture of this period and addresses questions relating to ethnic and geopolitical identity, as well as to the biblical narrative concerning the alleged United Monarchy and the Shoshenq List.
The importance of honey and beeswax in the Ancient Near East can be inferred from Egyptian, Canaa... more The importance of honey and beeswax in the Ancient Near East can be inferred from Egyptian, Canaanite, and Hittite sources. Textual and pictorial sources from ancient Egypt are of particular interest1. The Story of Sinuhe, attributed to the Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE), alludes to the abundance of honey and oil in his place of residence in the Land of Canaan; Thutmose III recounted carrying off 430 honey jars as booty following his conquests of Canaan in the 15th century BCE; in another text, he mentions 264 honey jars collected as tribute. Depictions of horizontally stacked cylindrical beehives arranged in rows, along with honey production, are known in five wall paintings and reliefs from Egypt, dating from the mid3rd millennium to the mid-1st millennium BCE. In the most detailed representation, in the 15th century BCE Tomb of Rekhmire, there are three rows of beehives and beekeepers are shown collecting honey. In Egyptian texts, honey is mentioned as a sweetener used by the ...
Tel Beth-Shean and the Fate of Mounds in the Intermediate Bronze Age AMIHAI MAZAR Institute of Ar... more Tel Beth-Shean and the Fate of Mounds in the Intermediate Bronze Age AMIHAI MAZAR Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem William G. Dever dedicated much of his academic work to the period following the EB III, which he initially designated MB I and ...
The subject of the Oxford conference—the chronology of the Iron Age of the southern Levant in the... more The subject of the Oxford conference—the chronology of the Iron Age of the southern Levant in the 12th–9th centuries BCE in light of current debates and 14 C dating—is of great interest among a wide circle of scholars from various disciplines, since it has a variety of implications for related fields of research. The subject is important for the archaeology of the Levant, Cyprus, and Greece; it has far-reaching implications for the utilization of archaeology in the study of the emergence of various ethnic and geo-political units of the period, such as ancient Israel, the Philistines, the Phoenician city-states, the Aramean states and the Transjordanian states of Ammon, Moab, and Edom. The subject is essential for proper evaluation of correlations and contradictions between archaeology and the biblical text. The focus of this volume should be on the dating of the transition from the Iron Age I to the Iron Age II and the duration of the sub-period widely known today as the Iron Age II...
Les fouilles realisees a Tel Rehov, en Israel, ont apporte de nombreuses informations concernant ... more Les fouilles realisees a Tel Rehov, en Israel, ont apporte de nombreuses informations concernant la periode du premier âge du Fer et le debut du deuxieme âge du Fer. Cette epoque, caracterisee par la monarchie unifiee de David et Salomon, a longtemps suscite un debat sur l'existence reelle de ces deux rois. Les AA relatent l'histoire du site, depuis l'âge du Bronze final jusqu'a sa destruction par les Assyriens en 732 av. J.-C., a tarvers ses vestiges archeologiques.
The stratified series of Iron Age radiocarbon dates from Tel Rehov, based on short-lived samples,... more The stratified series of Iron Age radiocarbon dates from Tel Rehov, based on short-lived samples, measured in Groningen, is the most detailed and dense chronometric record currently available for the Levant in this period. The more detailed IntCal98 calibration curve was used, though some comparisons were made with the smoothed IntCal04 curve. The current Bayesian stratigraphic model for Tel Rehov gave a number of significant results. The data strongly favour an early Iron Age IB–IIA transition, as the statistically sampled boundary in the 1 range is 992–961 BCE (68.2%). Considering the 2 range, the older time option, 998–957 BCE, further increases in probability to 75.2%, but a second option also appears, 953–921 BCE, albeit with a significantly lower relative probability of 20.2%. Our Bayesian model was also tested with the IntCal04 calibration curve, which gave similar but slightly older results: the 1 range is 993–961 BCE (68.2%) and the 2 range is 1001–927 BCE (95.4%). The peak...
This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century B... more This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century BCE in the Beth Shean Valley, with emphasis on the excavations at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Reḥov. The evidence is evaluated in light of two transitions that occurred during this century: from the Iron Age I to the early Iron Age IIA and from the early Iron Age IIA to the late Iron Age IIA. These transitions and their dates are well documented by stratigraphic sequences, pottery development, and 14C dates, the latter mainly at Tel Reḥov. Stratum VI at Tel Reḥov is at the focus of this discussion since it is one of the few cases where the early Iron Age IIA could be isolated and documented, showing continuity of urban life in that period, with no actual crisis at the end of the Iron Age I. This is in contrast to the situation at many other sites such as Tel Beth Shean, Megiddo, Yoqne’am, and Tel Kinneret, where a crisis at the end of the Iron Age I followed by decline or occupational gaps and...
Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome, 2019
Tel Rehov in the Beth Shean Valley, northern Israel, yielded 14 Greek (mainly Euboean and Attic) ... more Tel Rehov in the Beth Shean Valley, northern Israel, yielded 14 Greek (mainly Euboean and Attic) pottery sherds from the Late Protogeometric to Middle Geometric periods. This is the largest number of Greek sherds from these periods found at a single site in the Southern Levant in stratigraphic contexts. Since the Tel Rehov strata, well-dated by a large number of 14C dates, yielded some of the richest assemblages of finds from the 10–9th centuries BC in this region, the Greek sherds provide an opportunity to examine both their absolute dating in context and to discuss the nature of the relations between the two regions. Six of the 14 sherds were published previously (Coldstream & Mazar 2003); in the present paper, we describe the finds from Tel Rehov and other sites in the Southern Levant according to five chronological divisions, update previous discussions, and add new data and discussion based on a revised understanding of the site’s stratigraphy and interpretation of the radiocar...
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2009
Zooarchaeological data from Iron Age urban contexts may reveal information per-taining to ancient... more Zooarchaeological data from Iron Age urban contexts may reveal information per-taining to ancient economy, society, and culture. In this paper, a large sample of animal bones from the domestic quarters of Iron Age Tel Re˙ov in the Beth Shean Valley region of northern Israel is ...
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 2019
This article examines the development and spatial distribution of loom weights in Tel Reḥov and i... more This article examines the development and spatial distribution of loom weights in Tel Reḥov and its vicinity during the twelfth through eighth centuries BCE. Non-perforated cylindrical weights (“spools”), dated to the early twelfth century BCE, are discussed in relation to their appearance in the Mediterranean world. Clay weights of the eleventh and tenth centuries were replaced during the tenth and mainly the ninth century BCE by specialized production of gypsum weights, only to be replaced again by clay weights in the eighth century BCE. The ninth-century textile industry (mainly of linen) at Tel Reḥov exceeds household needs and probably reflects commercial activity within the Northern Kingdom of Israel and perhaps beyond, towards the Phoenician coast and Cyprus. A relationship between weaving and ritual activities is suggested.
Tel Beth-Shean in the 10th-9th Centuries BCE: a Chronological Query and its Possible Archaeomagnetic Resolution. In: Erez Ben-Yosef and Ian W. N. Jones, “And in length of days understanding” (Job 12:12) - Essays on Archaeology in the 21st Century in Honor of Thomas E. Levy. Springer Nature, pp..., 2023
In this article, we show how an archaeomagnetic study can help resolve a chronological dilemma re... more In this article, we show how an archaeomagnetic study can help resolve a chronological dilemma related to the correlation and the relative and absolute dating of Iron IIA strata in two adjacent sites: Tel Beth-Shean and Tel Reḥov, located 5 km apart in the Beth-Shean Valley in northern Israel. The excavations at Tel Reḥov revealed three Iron IIA strata (VI-IV), two of which (V-IV), attributed to the late Iron IIA, yielded rich identical ceramic assemblages. These strata cover a time range from the late tenth century to the mid-to-late ninth century BCE, based on a significant number of radiocarbon dates, comparative studies and historical considerations. At Beth-Shean, massive structures of a public nature were found in Stratum S-1a, with pottery similar to that of Tel Reḥov V and IV, but it was difficult to provide a tighter dating. An archaeomagnetic study of burnt mudbricks and a burnt beehive at Tel Reḥov showed a clear difference between Stratum V and Stratum IV. The destruction of Stratum IV corresponded to the destructions of other sites, all attributed to Hazael's military campaign (s) to the region in the second half of the ninth century BCE. The magnetic signal recorded in the destruction of Stratum S-1a at Beth-Shean corresponded with that of the destruction of the apiary of Stratum V at Tel Reḥov (late tenth to early ninth centuries BCE) and is significantly different from that of Stratum IV at Tel Reḥov. These results, pointing to an earlier date of the destruction of Stratum S-1a at Beth-Shean, are significant for resolving chronological and historical questions
This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century B... more This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century BCE in the Beth Shean Valley, with emphasis on the excavations at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Reḥov. The evidence is evaluated in light of two transitions that occurred during this century: from the Iron Age I to the early Iron Age IIA and from the early Iron Age IIA to the late Iron Age IIA. These transitions and their dates are well documented by stratigraphic sequences, pottery development, and 14C dates, the latter mainly at Tel Reḥov. Stratum VI at Tel Reḥov is at the focus of this discussion since it is one of the few cases where the early Iron Age IIA could be isolated and documented, showing continuity of urban life in that period, with no actual crisis at the end of the Iron Age I. This is in contrast to the situation at many other sites such as Tel Beth Shean, Megiddo, Yoqne'am, and Tel Kinneret, where a crisis at the end of the Iron Age I followed by decline or occupational gaps and slow revival in the late 10th century were observed. The article deals with various aspects of the material culture of this period and addresses questions relating to ethnic and geopolitical identity, as well as to the biblical narrative concerning the alleged United Monarchy and the Shoshenq List.
The importance of honey and beeswax in the Ancient Near East can be inferred from Egyptian, Canaa... more The importance of honey and beeswax in the Ancient Near East can be inferred from Egyptian, Canaanite, and Hittite sources. Textual and pictorial sources from ancient Egypt are of particular interest1. The Story of Sinuhe, attributed to the Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE), alludes to the abundance of honey and oil in his place of residence in the Land of Canaan; Thutmose III recounted carrying off 430 honey jars as booty following his conquests of Canaan in the 15th century BCE; in another text, he mentions 264 honey jars collected as tribute. Depictions of horizontally stacked cylindrical beehives arranged in rows, along with honey production, are known in five wall paintings and reliefs from Egypt, dating from the mid3rd millennium to the mid-1st millennium BCE. In the most detailed representation, in the 15th century BCE Tomb of Rekhmire, there are three rows of beehives and beekeepers are shown collecting honey. In Egyptian texts, honey is mentioned as a sweetener used by the ...
Tel Beth-Shean and the Fate of Mounds in the Intermediate Bronze Age AMIHAI MAZAR Institute of Ar... more Tel Beth-Shean and the Fate of Mounds in the Intermediate Bronze Age AMIHAI MAZAR Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem William G. Dever dedicated much of his academic work to the period following the EB III, which he initially designated MB I and ...
The subject of the Oxford conference—the chronology of the Iron Age of the southern Levant in the... more The subject of the Oxford conference—the chronology of the Iron Age of the southern Levant in the 12th–9th centuries BCE in light of current debates and 14 C dating—is of great interest among a wide circle of scholars from various disciplines, since it has a variety of implications for related fields of research. The subject is important for the archaeology of the Levant, Cyprus, and Greece; it has far-reaching implications for the utilization of archaeology in the study of the emergence of various ethnic and geo-political units of the period, such as ancient Israel, the Philistines, the Phoenician city-states, the Aramean states and the Transjordanian states of Ammon, Moab, and Edom. The subject is essential for proper evaluation of correlations and contradictions between archaeology and the biblical text. The focus of this volume should be on the dating of the transition from the Iron Age I to the Iron Age II and the duration of the sub-period widely known today as the Iron Age II...
Les fouilles realisees a Tel Rehov, en Israel, ont apporte de nombreuses informations concernant ... more Les fouilles realisees a Tel Rehov, en Israel, ont apporte de nombreuses informations concernant la periode du premier âge du Fer et le debut du deuxieme âge du Fer. Cette epoque, caracterisee par la monarchie unifiee de David et Salomon, a longtemps suscite un debat sur l'existence reelle de ces deux rois. Les AA relatent l'histoire du site, depuis l'âge du Bronze final jusqu'a sa destruction par les Assyriens en 732 av. J.-C., a tarvers ses vestiges archeologiques.
The stratified series of Iron Age radiocarbon dates from Tel Rehov, based on short-lived samples,... more The stratified series of Iron Age radiocarbon dates from Tel Rehov, based on short-lived samples, measured in Groningen, is the most detailed and dense chronometric record currently available for the Levant in this period. The more detailed IntCal98 calibration curve was used, though some comparisons were made with the smoothed IntCal04 curve. The current Bayesian stratigraphic model for Tel Rehov gave a number of significant results. The data strongly favour an early Iron Age IB–IIA transition, as the statistically sampled boundary in the 1 range is 992–961 BCE (68.2%). Considering the 2 range, the older time option, 998–957 BCE, further increases in probability to 75.2%, but a second option also appears, 953–921 BCE, albeit with a significantly lower relative probability of 20.2%. Our Bayesian model was also tested with the IntCal04 calibration curve, which gave similar but slightly older results: the 1 range is 993–961 BCE (68.2%) and the 2 range is 1001–927 BCE (95.4%). The peak...
This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century B... more This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century BCE in the Beth Shean Valley, with emphasis on the excavations at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Reḥov. The evidence is evaluated in light of two transitions that occurred during this century: from the Iron Age I to the early Iron Age IIA and from the early Iron Age IIA to the late Iron Age IIA. These transitions and their dates are well documented by stratigraphic sequences, pottery development, and 14C dates, the latter mainly at Tel Reḥov. Stratum VI at Tel Reḥov is at the focus of this discussion since it is one of the few cases where the early Iron Age IIA could be isolated and documented, showing continuity of urban life in that period, with no actual crisis at the end of the Iron Age I. This is in contrast to the situation at many other sites such as Tel Beth Shean, Megiddo, Yoqne’am, and Tel Kinneret, where a crisis at the end of the Iron Age I followed by decline or occupational gaps and...
Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome, 2019
Tel Rehov in the Beth Shean Valley, northern Israel, yielded 14 Greek (mainly Euboean and Attic) ... more Tel Rehov in the Beth Shean Valley, northern Israel, yielded 14 Greek (mainly Euboean and Attic) pottery sherds from the Late Protogeometric to Middle Geometric periods. This is the largest number of Greek sherds from these periods found at a single site in the Southern Levant in stratigraphic contexts. Since the Tel Rehov strata, well-dated by a large number of 14C dates, yielded some of the richest assemblages of finds from the 10–9th centuries BC in this region, the Greek sherds provide an opportunity to examine both their absolute dating in context and to discuss the nature of the relations between the two regions. Six of the 14 sherds were published previously (Coldstream & Mazar 2003); in the present paper, we describe the finds from Tel Rehov and other sites in the Southern Levant according to five chronological divisions, update previous discussions, and add new data and discussion based on a revised understanding of the site’s stratigraphy and interpretation of the radiocar...
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2009
Zooarchaeological data from Iron Age urban contexts may reveal information per-taining to ancient... more Zooarchaeological data from Iron Age urban contexts may reveal information per-taining to ancient economy, society, and culture. In this paper, a large sample of animal bones from the domestic quarters of Iron Age Tel Re˙ov in the Beth Shean Valley region of northern Israel is ...
Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, 2019
This article examines the development and spatial distribution of loom weights in Tel Reḥov and i... more This article examines the development and spatial distribution of loom weights in Tel Reḥov and its vicinity during the twelfth through eighth centuries BCE. Non-perforated cylindrical weights (“spools”), dated to the early twelfth century BCE, are discussed in relation to their appearance in the Mediterranean world. Clay weights of the eleventh and tenth centuries were replaced during the tenth and mainly the ninth century BCE by specialized production of gypsum weights, only to be replaced again by clay weights in the eighth century BCE. The ninth-century textile industry (mainly of linen) at Tel Reḥov exceeds household needs and probably reflects commercial activity within the Northern Kingdom of Israel and perhaps beyond, towards the Phoenician coast and Cyprus. A relationship between weaving and ritual activities is suggested.
Tel Reḥov, A Bronze and Iron Age City in the Beth -Shean Valley Volume V, Various Objects and Natural-Science Studies (Qedem 63) Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, , 2020
Tel Rehov final publication Volume V. The first part of this volume is dedicated to the rich Iron... more Tel Rehov final publication Volume V. The first part of this volume is dedicated to the rich Iron Age assemblages of clay, bone, ivory, metal and stone objects. It also includes metallurgical analysis, spatial distribution analysis of the finds in 9th century BCE Area C, publication of Assyrian period burials on the upper mound and the finds from an early Islamic period village on top of the mound. The second part assembles natural-sciences studies: large number of radiocarbon dates, faunal and botanical remains, a paleomagnetic study and soil flotation analysis. The volume ioa joined product of 36 schoalrs.
Tel Reḥov, A Bronze and Iron Age City in the Beth -Shean Valley Volume IV, Pottery Studies, Inscriptions and Figurative Art (Qedem 62) Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2020
Tel Rehov excavations final report, Volume IV. The first part of the volume includes discussions ... more Tel Rehov excavations final report, Volume IV. The first part of the volume includes discussions of the Late Bronze and Iron Age pottery, petrographic studies and discussions of imported Cypriot, Greek and Phoenician pottery. The second part includes chapters on the rich collections of alphabetic inscriptions, Glyptics, amulets, ivory objects, clay figurines and cult objects. Nineteen authors participate in this volume.
Tel Reḥov, A Bronze and Iron Age City in the Beth -Shean Valley Volume III, The Lower Mound: Areas D, E, F and G (Qedem 61) Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,, 2020
The third volume of Tel Rehov final excavation reports presents the excavation areas on the lower... more The third volume of Tel Rehov final excavation reports presents the excavation areas on the lower mound, except Area C 9published in Volume II). Area d is a step trench where the stratigraphic sequence from Late Bronze until Iron IIA was determined; Areaa E,F and G include Iron IIA (10-9th centuries BCE) strata. In Area E an open air sanctuary was defined, Areas F and G are residential areas. For each area a chapter on the stratigraphy and architecture is followed by a chapter presenting the pottery assemblages arranged by strata and contexts.
Tel Reḥov, A Bronze and Iron Age City in the Beth -Shean Valley Volume II, The Lower Mound: Area C and the Apiary (Qedem 60) Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2020
Volume 2 of Tel Rehov publication is dedicated to Area C, the largest excavation area at Tel Reho... more Volume 2 of Tel Rehov publication is dedicated to Area C, the largest excavation area at Tel Rehov. It includes a chapter on the stratigraphy and architecture of the Iron I and Iron IIA strata. Presentation of pottery plates related to these strata arranged by contexts and strata and studies related to the unique apiary uncovered in this area.
Tel Reḥov, A Bronze and Iron Age City in the Beth -Shean Valley Volume I. Introductions, Synthesis and Excavations on the Upper Mound (Qedem 59) Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,, 2020
The first volume of Tel Rehov final excavation report. The volume includes introductory chapters... more The first volume of Tel Rehov final excavation report. The volume includes introductory chapters, geological study, synthesis of the excavation results, stratigraphy and architecture of Areas A, B, H, J located on the upper mound (periods represented: Early Bronze Age; Iron Age), pottery plates arranged by contexts from the same excavation areas
It is The Land of Honey (editor: I.Ziffer, Tel Aviv 2016)
Presentation of the Iron IIA finds at Tel Rehov in an exhibition catalogue . The exhibition took... more Presentation of the Iron IIA finds at Tel Rehov in an exhibition catalogue . The exhibition took place in the Eretz Israel Museum in 2015-2016, curated and edited by I.Ziffer. The chapter presented here was written by A.Mazar with contributions by S.Ahituv. N.Panitz-Cohen. N.Marom.
This PDF version starts with the English translation . Plenty of color illustrations are in the Hebrew side of the book with English captions.
ע' ציפר (עורכת) דבש מלכים, קטלוג תערכוה במוזיאון ארץ ישראל 2016, 2016
. פורסם במסגרת קטלוג התעוכה במוזיאון ארץ ישראל בעריכת עירית ציפר מאמר מסכם על התגליות מן המאות עש... more . פורסם במסגרת קטלוג התעוכה במוזיאון ארץ ישראל בעריכת עירית ציפר מאמר מסכם על התגליות מן המאות עשירית - תשיעית בתל רחוב
Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989 -1996, Volume IV: The Fourth and Third Millennia BCE Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2012
The fourth volume of Tell Beth Shean excavation reports is dedicated to the Early Bronze Age and ... more The fourth volume of Tell Beth Shean excavation reports is dedicated to the Early Bronze Age and the Intermediate Bronze ages. A substantial Early Bronze IB building in Area M was violently destroyed and rebuilt shortly afterwards. Its plan and rich finds have implications for our understanding of social and economic aspects of this formative period. After a gap in Early Bronze II, the Early Bronze III is represented by a series of occupation phases, most of them accompanied by a large amount of Khirbet Kerak Ware, confirming that Beth-Shean was the southernmost settlement site of the ‘Khirbet Kerak people’. After a possible occupation gap, an ephemeral Intermediate Bronze Age settlement existed for a short time on top of the abandoned Early Bronze Age city. The volume includes stratigraphic and architectural analysis; pottery analysis, discussion of various artifacts, metallurgical studies, and archaeo-botanical studies. 19 contributors, 437 pages.
This volume is the third in the series of final reports on the Beth-Shean Valley Archaeological P... more This volume is the third in the series of final reports on the Beth-Shean Valley Archaeological Project, directed by Amihai Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem since 1989. The volume presents the results of the excavations in Areas N and S at Tel Beth-Shean, related to the heyday of the Egyptian garrison town of the 19th and 20th Dynasties and its aftermath, corresponding with Levels VII, VI and Late VI of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania Expedition (13th–11th centuries BCE). The volume starts with an overview of the main results (including those in Area Q, previously published), followed by a detailed analysis of the stratigraphy and architecture of Areas N and S, extensive discussions of the local Canaanite, Egyptian-style and imported Aegean style and Cypriot pottery, as well as a wide variety of artifacts, many of them related to the Egyptian presence. 31 contributors, 791 pages.
This volume presents the results of the excavations in Area R at Tel Beth- Shean, where Middle B... more This volume presents the results of the excavations in Area R at Tel Beth- Shean, where Middle Bronze Age II to Late Bronze Age IIA strata were excavated (17th to 14th centuries BCE). The architectural remains include parts of the Middle Bronze Age II town and a Late Bronze Age I temple. The report also provides new insights into the development of the University of Pennsylvania excavation of Level IX sanctuary. The volume contains in-depth discussions of the stratigraphy, the architecture, the rich pottery assemblages and a wealth of other finds as well as various scientific analysis by nineteen experts. 22 contributors, 752 pages,
Renewed excavations at Tel Beth-Shean were conducted by Amihai Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew Univ... more Renewed excavations at Tel Beth-Shean were conducted by Amihai Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem between the years excavations 1989-1996. This is Volume I (out of IV) of the final report. The volume includes report on the excavation of the Egyptian Governor building of the 19-20th Dynasties (Area Q); the Iron II, Hellenistic, Roman, Early Islamic and Medieval periods (Area P). including pottery plates and discussion of various objects, fauna and flora . 36 contributors, 735 pages.
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This PDF version starts with the English translation . Plenty of color illustrations are in the Hebrew side of the book with English captions.