ABSTRACT A small fragment of a Late Bronze Age letter in Akkadian was discovered in the Ophel exc... more ABSTRACT A small fragment of a Late Bronze Age letter in Akkadian was discovered in the Ophel excavations in Jerusalem. Its sign-forms suggest that it is a rough contemporary of the Amarna letters, including the letters of Abdi-Heba, the ruler of Jerusalem. The analysis of the tablet by optical mineralogy, supported by XRF spectrometry, reveals that its raw material is typical of the "Terra Rossa" soils of the Central Hill Country. It is suggested, therefore, that it was a local product of Jerusalem scribes, made of locally available soil. This, coupled with the fact that its find site is close to what must have been the acropolis of LB Jerusalem, makes it likely that the letter fragment does in fact come from a letter of a king of Jerusalem. It may well be an archival copy of a letter from Jerusalem to the Pharoah.
Full report of the 2005–2008 archaeological excavations carried out at the Summit of the City of ... more Full report of the 2005–2008 archaeological excavations carried out at the Summit of the City of David under the directorship of Dr. Eilat Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The excavations were conducted in the area of the City of David Archeological Park visitor's center. https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm/
From 2009 to 2013 excavations were carried out under my directorship at the Ophel, south of the S... more From 2009 to 2013 excavations were carried out under my directorship at the Ophel, south of the Southern Wall of the Temple Mount, on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Photo 1). These were renewed excavations at the Ophel, given that I had previously excavated there in 1994, and even earlier, in 1986–1987, together with my grandfather, Prof. Benjamin Mazar, who headed the Temple Mount and the Ophel excavations for 10 consecutive years (1968–1978). The main goal of the renewed excavations was to reveal structural and stratified remains from the First Temple period along and adjacent to the eastern fortification line of the Ophel, where they were partially proven and expected to be well preserved. This volume contains 26 chapters, ranging from final architectural and stratigraphic reports to various in-depth studies of the finds, reflecting the wealth of data retrieved during excavations. Among the topics discussed are: the architectural characteristics of four major Byzantine construction phases ranging from the 4th to the 7th centuries CE, with their pottery and coins assemblages (Part I); the Byzantine Gold and Silver Menorah Treasure found concealed in the Partitions Building, representing the very last evidence of human activity in the eastern part of the Ophel until modern times (Part II); initial presentation of the buildings in the Solomonic (Early Iron Age IIA) Royal Quarter of the Ophel as these gradually developed through his reign, with in-depth studies of selected finds discovered within these buildings (i.e., the glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines, as well as one specific, most special find from the Iron Age IIB (Part III)). Also featured are metallurgical and petrographic studies. https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm
From 2009 to 2013 renewed archaeological excavations were carried out at the Ophel under the dire... more From 2009 to 2013 renewed archaeological excavations were carried out at the Ophel under the directorship of Dr. Eilat Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. This volume includes the report of the Herodian (First century CE) buildings, many of which were planned to satisfy the needs of the large and growing number of pilgrims that arrived at the magnified newly constructed Temple and its breathtaking compound. These buildings, crowdedly built in the Ophel, included a large number of Purification Baths (Mikva'ot), ranging from single-sized baths to the “Jerusalemite” type, where a multitude of pilgrims could immerse at the same time, thus enabling easy access to the nearby gates and their underground passageway directly leading into the sacred area of the Temple. By the end of the Second Temple period, as stated by Josephus, the Ophel area also served as a hiding place for the rebels against Rome, and this is corroborated by the findings within the buildings unearthed during the excavations. The volume also includes reports on the impressive remains of First Temple Period buildings discovered at the Ophel’s Solomonic Royal Quarter, together with a large amount of pottery vessels, glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines discovered within them, many of which attest to the far-reaching international contacts Jerusalem enjoyed at that time. This volume comprises the report of the unique Fortified Enclosure, the earliest structure ever found in the Ophel, dating from the time of King David (early tenth century BCE) and most likely identified with the “Far House,” a structure he used while escaping from Avshalom (2 Samuel 15:17). In this volume is also the report of a stratified assemblage dumped from the Building of the Royal Bakers, which included the bulla (seal impression) of King Hezekiah himself, and maybe also the bulla of the prophet Isaiah, as well as dozens of finds found with them. The Ophel discoveries dramatically alter previously held conceptions of the development of ancient Jerusalem and provide striking tangible evidence for its Biblical and Second Temple period narratives. https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm
ABSTRACT A small fragment of a Late Bronze Age letter in Akkadian was discovered in the Ophel exc... more ABSTRACT A small fragment of a Late Bronze Age letter in Akkadian was discovered in the Ophel excavations in Jerusalem. Its sign-forms suggest that it is a rough contemporary of the Amarna letters, including the letters of Abdi-Heba, the ruler of Jerusalem. The analysis of the tablet by optical mineralogy, supported by XRF spectrometry, reveals that its raw material is typical of the "Terra Rossa" soils of the Central Hill Country. It is suggested, therefore, that it was a local product of Jerusalem scribes, made of locally available soil. This, coupled with the fact that its find site is close to what must have been the acropolis of LB Jerusalem, makes it likely that the letter fragment does in fact come from a letter of a king of Jerusalem. It may well be an archival copy of a letter from Jerusalem to the Pharoah.
Full report of the 2005–2008 archaeological excavations carried out at the Summit of the City of ... more Full report of the 2005–2008 archaeological excavations carried out at the Summit of the City of David under the directorship of Dr. Eilat Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The excavations were conducted in the area of the City of David Archeological Park visitor's center. https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm/
From 2009 to 2013 excavations were carried out under my directorship at the Ophel, south of the S... more From 2009 to 2013 excavations were carried out under my directorship at the Ophel, south of the Southern Wall of the Temple Mount, on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Photo 1). These were renewed excavations at the Ophel, given that I had previously excavated there in 1994, and even earlier, in 1986–1987, together with my grandfather, Prof. Benjamin Mazar, who headed the Temple Mount and the Ophel excavations for 10 consecutive years (1968–1978). The main goal of the renewed excavations was to reveal structural and stratified remains from the First Temple period along and adjacent to the eastern fortification line of the Ophel, where they were partially proven and expected to be well preserved. This volume contains 26 chapters, ranging from final architectural and stratigraphic reports to various in-depth studies of the finds, reflecting the wealth of data retrieved during excavations. Among the topics discussed are: the architectural characteristics of four major Byzantine construction phases ranging from the 4th to the 7th centuries CE, with their pottery and coins assemblages (Part I); the Byzantine Gold and Silver Menorah Treasure found concealed in the Partitions Building, representing the very last evidence of human activity in the eastern part of the Ophel until modern times (Part II); initial presentation of the buildings in the Solomonic (Early Iron Age IIA) Royal Quarter of the Ophel as these gradually developed through his reign, with in-depth studies of selected finds discovered within these buildings (i.e., the glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines, as well as one specific, most special find from the Iron Age IIB (Part III)). Also featured are metallurgical and petrographic studies. https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm
From 2009 to 2013 renewed archaeological excavations were carried out at the Ophel under the dire... more From 2009 to 2013 renewed archaeological excavations were carried out at the Ophel under the directorship of Dr. Eilat Mazar on behalf of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. This volume includes the report of the Herodian (First century CE) buildings, many of which were planned to satisfy the needs of the large and growing number of pilgrims that arrived at the magnified newly constructed Temple and its breathtaking compound. These buildings, crowdedly built in the Ophel, included a large number of Purification Baths (Mikva'ot), ranging from single-sized baths to the “Jerusalemite” type, where a multitude of pilgrims could immerse at the same time, thus enabling easy access to the nearby gates and their underground passageway directly leading into the sacred area of the Temple. By the end of the Second Temple period, as stated by Josephus, the Ophel area also served as a hiding place for the rebels against Rome, and this is corroborated by the findings within the buildings unearthed during the excavations. The volume also includes reports on the impressive remains of First Temple Period buildings discovered at the Ophel’s Solomonic Royal Quarter, together with a large amount of pottery vessels, glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines discovered within them, many of which attest to the far-reaching international contacts Jerusalem enjoyed at that time. This volume comprises the report of the unique Fortified Enclosure, the earliest structure ever found in the Ophel, dating from the time of King David (early tenth century BCE) and most likely identified with the “Far House,” a structure he used while escaping from Avshalom (2 Samuel 15:17). In this volume is also the report of a stratified assemblage dumped from the Building of the Royal Bakers, which included the bulla (seal impression) of King Hezekiah himself, and maybe also the bulla of the prophet Isaiah, as well as dozens of finds found with them. The Ophel discoveries dramatically alter previously held conceptions of the development of ancient Jerusalem and provide striking tangible evidence for its Biblical and Second Temple period narratives. https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm
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This volume includes the report of the Herodian (First century CE) buildings, many of which were planned to satisfy the needs of the large and growing number of pilgrims that arrived at the magnified newly constructed Temple and its breathtaking compound. These buildings, crowdedly built in the Ophel, included a large number of Purification Baths (Mikva'ot), ranging from single-sized baths to the “Jerusalemite” type, where a multitude of pilgrims could immerse at the same time, thus enabling easy access to the nearby gates and their underground passageway directly leading into the sacred area of the Temple. By the end of the Second Temple period, as stated by Josephus, the Ophel area also served as a hiding place for the rebels against Rome, and this is corroborated by the findings within the buildings unearthed during the
excavations.
The volume also includes reports on the impressive remains of First Temple Period buildings discovered at the Ophel’s Solomonic Royal Quarter, together with a large amount of pottery vessels, glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines discovered within them, many of which attest to the far-reaching international contacts Jerusalem enjoyed at that time.
This volume comprises the report of the unique Fortified Enclosure, the earliest structure ever found in the Ophel, dating from the time of King David (early tenth century BCE) and most likely identified with the “Far House,” a structure he used while escaping from Avshalom (2 Samuel 15:17).
In this volume is also the report of a stratified assemblage dumped from the Building of the Royal Bakers, which included the bulla (seal impression) of King Hezekiah himself, and maybe also the bulla of the prophet Isaiah, as well as dozens of finds found with them.
The Ophel discoveries dramatically alter previously held conceptions of the development of ancient Jerusalem and provide striking tangible evidence for its Biblical and Second Temple period narratives.
https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm
https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm/
https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm
This volume includes the report of the Herodian (First century CE) buildings, many of which were planned to satisfy the needs of the large and growing number of pilgrims that arrived at the magnified newly constructed Temple and its breathtaking compound. These buildings, crowdedly built in the Ophel, included a large number of Purification Baths (Mikva'ot), ranging from single-sized baths to the “Jerusalemite” type, where a multitude of pilgrims could immerse at the same time, thus enabling easy access to the nearby gates and their underground passageway directly leading into the sacred area of the Temple. By the end of the Second Temple period, as stated by Josephus, the Ophel area also served as a hiding place for the rebels against Rome, and this is corroborated by the findings within the buildings unearthed during the
excavations.
The volume also includes reports on the impressive remains of First Temple Period buildings discovered at the Ophel’s Solomonic Royal Quarter, together with a large amount of pottery vessels, glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines discovered within them, many of which attest to the far-reaching international contacts Jerusalem enjoyed at that time.
This volume comprises the report of the unique Fortified Enclosure, the earliest structure ever found in the Ophel, dating from the time of King David (early tenth century BCE) and most likely identified with the “Far House,” a structure he used while escaping from Avshalom (2 Samuel 15:17).
In this volume is also the report of a stratified assemblage dumped from the Building of the Royal Bakers, which included the bulla (seal impression) of King Hezekiah himself, and maybe also the bulla of the prophet Isaiah, as well as dozens of finds found with them.
The Ophel discoveries dramatically alter previously held conceptions of the development of ancient Jerusalem and provide striking tangible evidence for its Biblical and Second Temple period narratives.
https://teacherstrading.com/shop/avitaltm