Objective: The lack of adequate recognition of health importance of non-HIV reproductive health
i... more Objective: The lack of adequate recognition of health importance of non-HIV reproductive health infections (RHIs) in Nigeria has led into this study, which was to determine clinical pathogens in non-HIV RHI in Nigeria using a tertiary health facility as case study. Materials and Methods: A nine-year investigation was carried out between 1997 and 2005 on 4047 (n = 1626 males; n = 2421 females) patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic (STC) of University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Routine laboratory procedures using appropriate culture media, culture conditions, and current phenotypic taxonomic tools for classification of isolated pathogens were employed. Results: Age (p = 0.019) and gender (p<0.0001) were related to the recovery rates of pathogens Candida species (55.6 %), Neisseria gonorrhoae (11.1%), Gardenella vaginalis (10.3%), Escherichia coli (9.2 %), Klebsiella sp. (4.2%), streptococci (4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.3%), Proteus sp., (1.8%), Haemophilus ducreyi (0.5%), Trichomonas vaginalis (0.44%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.18%). Candida and Gardenella vaginalis species were mostly recovered from female patients, while N.gonorrhoeae were mostly isolated from male patients. Age brackets for the recovery of pathogens were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16-30 years); Gardenella vaginalis (21-25 and 31-35 years) and C.albicans (21-30 years). Conclusion: Candida, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Gadrenella vaginalis were the most recovered pathogens from patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria, and the relationship between age, gender and the aetiological agents was statistically significant.
Studies on antimycotic potentials of toothpastes on human oral yeast pathogens have been sparse, ... more Studies on antimycotic potentials of toothpastes on human oral yeast pathogens have been sparse, especially in developing countries, in spite of the increasing reports on problems with inadequate oral hygiene. Using a modification of agar well-diffusion method, in vitro antimycotic potentials of 10 most preferred Nigerian toothpastes and tooth-gels on 86 oral Candida species, C. albicans 43 (50.0%), C. glabrata 5 (5.8%), C. pseudotropicalis 10 (11.6%) and C. tropicalis 28 (32.6%) indicated overall low (20.0%) to high (100%) susceptibility rates among the Candida species. Varied susceptibility rates of 18.6-100%, 20.0-100%, 30.0-100% and 60.7-96.4% were exhibited by the oral C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. pseudotropicalis and C. tropicalis respectively towards the test toothpastes and tooth-gels, although their susceptibility patterns were not species-specific. Minimal overall in vitro inhibitory activities were however, displayed by some strains towards Close Up Red / Dabur Herbal Gel (20.0%), Macleans (18.6-30.0%) and MyMy (23.3%). In conclusion, high in vitro inhibitory potentials of some commonly available toothpastes and tooth-gels in Nigeria on oral Candida strains and can therefore, serve as active teeth-cleansing agents in oral hygiene.
Soaps are known to posses antimicrobial properties, so it was hypothesised that soaps have in vit... more Soaps are known to posses antimicrobial properties, so it was hypothesised that soaps have in vitro antimycotic effects on Candida species associated with vulvo-vaginal candidasis. A total of 129 strains of vulvo-vaginal and oral Candida albicans (43), Candida glabrata (52), Candida pseudotropicalis (19) and Candida tropicalis (15) obtained from endo-cervical / high vaginal swabs and oral rinses and swabs of non-diseased subjects of patients were bioassayed to determine their in vitro susceptibilities to 12 local, 18 industrial and 5 detergent soaps. None of the soaps had in vitro inhibitory activities on any of the Candida strains. In conclusion, commonly available local, industrial and detergent soaps assayed for in this study did not inhibit any of the test pathogenic Candida species in vitro, implicating that such soaps cannot be used in personal hygiene, disinfecting of contaminated undergarments nor for toilet purposes and therefore, cannot be of advantage as washing / germicidal agents or as topical cleansing agents in mycotic clinical conditions.
This study tries to evaluate the ability of L. fermentum LbFF4 isolated from Nigerian fermented f... more This study tries to evaluate the ability of L. fermentum LbFF4 isolated from Nigerian fermented food (fufu) and L. plantarum LbOG1 from a beverage (ogi), to inhibit some fish bacterial pathogens (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Salmonella species) under in vitro conditions. Overall phenotypic antibiotic resistance of 124 Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from the gut contents of cat fish, Clarias gariepinus, using agar disc-diffusion method, indicated very high resistance to amoxicillin (88.8%), augmentin (85.1%), cotrimoxazole (80.6%), tetracycline (72.3%), gentamicin (61.9%) and nalidixic acid (57.5%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) of 37.5-87.5% were also recorded. None of the forty four Lactobacillus strains (L. brevis, L. delbruekii, L. fermentum, L. plantarum and L. reuterii) isolated from the gut contents of C. gariepinus was inhibitory in vitro towards the Gram-negative bacterial species. However, L. fermentum LbFF4 and L. plantarum LbOG1 exhibited in vitro antibacterial activities against 41.1 and 47.6% of the Gram-negative bacterial species respectively. The susceptibility patterns of the indicator pathogens using the probiotic candidates were significant. The potential probiotic candidates were able to survive relatively low pH (3.5-5.5) and the fish bile. This study therefore, signifies that lactobacilli-based probiotic candidates from Nigerian fermented foods and beverages can serve as adjunct, inhibitory food-supplements in the control of bacterial fish-borne pathogens of C. gariepinus.
A variety of probiotics show promise as effective therapies in the control of diarrhoea, however,... more A variety of probiotics show promise as effective therapies in the control of diarrhoea, however, diets and geographical locations affect probiotic therapy. In this pilot study, four indigenous probiotic candidates, Lactobacillus acidophilus AAOOL4, L. reuteri AAOOCH1, L. plantarum AAOO25NN and L. delbrueckii AAOOT20 were investigated for their in vitro bactericidal effects on bacterial pathogens implicated in infantile diarrhoea using the Tukey test. The inoculum levels were between 5 log 10 cfu g −l at 1% (inoculum per ogi sample) for 96 h at 35°C. The bactericidal effect of the probiotic candidates on the microbial load of the inoculated samples was determined by plate counts 24 hourly. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the control (4.79-5.
Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine... more Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. The study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. Urinary bacteria from cows and healthy children aged 5-11 years were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified agar disc and well-diffusion methods. A total of 116 bacterial isolates (n = 77 children; n = 39 cows) were identified as Bacillus (10.4%; 5.1%)), Staphylococcus (2.6%; 2.6%), Citrobacter (3.9%; 12.8%), Escherichia coli (36.4%; 23.1%), Klebsiella (7.8%; 12.8%), Proteus (18.2%; 23.1%), Pseudomonas (9.1%; 2.6%), Salmonella (3.9%; 5.1%) and Shigella (7.8%; 12.8%) spp. Antibiotic resistance rates of the Gram-positive bacteria were high (50.0100%), except in Bacillus strains ...
In spite of significant risks, as well as non-clinical importance due to loss of potency, stiff p... more In spite of significant risks, as well as non-clinical importance due to loss of potency, stiff penalties against administration of expired medications are still not appropriately enforced by health policy makers in many developing countries, possibly because of little evidence to support that expired medications are hazardous. The purpose of this study therefore, was to investigate the effect of expiration dates on in vitro bacteriostatic potentials of oral paediatric antibiotics. Comparative bacteriostatic potentials of 31 expired and seven corresponding unexpired oral paediatric antibiotics were determined on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria, using a modification of agar well-diffusion method. Verall total percentage in vitro resistance rates against expired and unexpired paediatric antibiotics respectively were - E. coli (≤100% vs. ≤15.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (≤100% vs. ≤31.3%), Proteus mirabilis (≤91.7% vs. ≤41.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (≤100% vs. ≤18.2%). Resistance rates of 45.5-55.8% (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 5), 39.5-63.6% (amoxycillin 6), 46.5-54.5% (cotrimoxazole 7), 37.5-63.6% (ampicillin + cloxacillin 18), and higher resistance rates of ≥75.0-100% were exhibited towards remaining expired antibiotics. Higher total resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates were also recorded against expired antibiotics (45.2-93.5%) compared to unexpired antibiotics (28.6-57.2%), except for few strains of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, unexpired paediatric antibiotics exhibited wider zones of inhibition towards the test diarrhoeagenic bacteria (≥25.0 mm diameter). This study provided preliminary microbiological results on the appreciable reduction in in vitro bacteriostatic potentials, as well as higher resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance rates among expired oral paediatric antibiotics on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria. Apart from less-efficacy, administration of expired antibiotics can lead to increased antibiotic resistance and clinical treatment failure, as well as adverse drug reactions.
The study aims at evaluating the potentials of soaps and germicides/disinfectants as adjunct topi... more The study aims at evaluating the potentials of soaps and germicides/disinfectants as adjunct topical anti-vulvovaginal candidasis agents. In vitro inhibitory activities of the test agents, prepared according to the manufacturer's specification for toilet and midwifery purposes were determined using modified agar well-diffusion method. Varied susceptibility patterns were exhibited by Candida albicans (26.5%), C. glabrata (18.4%), C. pseudotropicalis (14.3%) and C. tropicalis (40.8%) implicated in vulvovaginal candidasis, indicating Crusader oil (100%), Meriko (95%), Tetmosol (84.7%) and Aloe (68.4%) as the most inhibitory soaps against the Candida strains. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the germicides and disinfectants ranged between (Dettol; 34.6% and Purit; 84.6%) for C. albicans; (Roberts; 33.3% and Purit; 83.3%) for C. glabrata; (Roberts; 21.4% and Purit; 92.9%) for C. pseudotropicalis; (Dettol; 35.0% and Purit; 87.5%) for C. tropicalis respectively. All the Candida st...
Page 1. In vitro phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacterial flora of some indigenous orally co... more Page 1. In vitro phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacterial flora of some indigenous orally consumed herbal medications in Nigeria Adenike AO Ogunshe PhD1 and Taiwo T. Kolajo ND2 1Applied Microbiology and Infectious ...
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2011
Research from developing countries, such as Nigeria, on Lactobacillus species in the female uroge... more Research from developing countries, such as Nigeria, on Lactobacillus species in the female urogenital tract and their role as a barrier to vaginal infection is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the clinical biotherapeutic potential of indigenous Lactobacillus species. Antimicrobial metabolites production were characterised using simple and easily reproducible qualitative and quantitative methods. The in vitro inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus antimicrobials on vulvovaginal candidiasis-associated Candida species was investigated using modified agar spot and agar well-diffusion methods. The maximum levels of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and diacetyl from 20 vaginal Lactobacillus strains from diseased subjects were 1.46 mg/L, 1.36 mmol/L, and 1.72 mg/L respectively. From the 4 healthy subjects, the maximum level of lactic acid was 1.08 mg/L; hydrogen peroxide, 1.36 mmol/L; and diacetyl, 0.86 mg/L. The maximum productions of these substances occurred between 7...
Objective: To investigate the possibility of isolating indigenous probiotic strains from faecal s... more Objective: To investigate the possibility of isolating indigenous probiotic strains from faecal specimens of breastfed infants. Method: One hundred and sixty four Lactobacillus strains [Lb. reuteri 72 (43.9%), Lb. casei 40 (24.4%), Lb. acidophilus 35 (21.3%), Lb. bifidus 11 ( ...
Objective: The lack of adequate recognition of health importance of non-HIV reproductive health
i... more Objective: The lack of adequate recognition of health importance of non-HIV reproductive health infections (RHIs) in Nigeria has led into this study, which was to determine clinical pathogens in non-HIV RHI in Nigeria using a tertiary health facility as case study. Materials and Methods: A nine-year investigation was carried out between 1997 and 2005 on 4047 (n = 1626 males; n = 2421 females) patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic (STC) of University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Routine laboratory procedures using appropriate culture media, culture conditions, and current phenotypic taxonomic tools for classification of isolated pathogens were employed. Results: Age (p = 0.019) and gender (p<0.0001) were related to the recovery rates of pathogens Candida species (55.6 %), Neisseria gonorrhoae (11.1%), Gardenella vaginalis (10.3%), Escherichia coli (9.2 %), Klebsiella sp. (4.2%), streptococci (4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.3%), Proteus sp., (1.8%), Haemophilus ducreyi (0.5%), Trichomonas vaginalis (0.44%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.18%). Candida and Gardenella vaginalis species were mostly recovered from female patients, while N.gonorrhoeae were mostly isolated from male patients. Age brackets for the recovery of pathogens were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16-30 years); Gardenella vaginalis (21-25 and 31-35 years) and C.albicans (21-30 years). Conclusion: Candida, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Gadrenella vaginalis were the most recovered pathogens from patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria, and the relationship between age, gender and the aetiological agents was statistically significant.
Studies on antimycotic potentials of toothpastes on human oral yeast pathogens have been sparse, ... more Studies on antimycotic potentials of toothpastes on human oral yeast pathogens have been sparse, especially in developing countries, in spite of the increasing reports on problems with inadequate oral hygiene. Using a modification of agar well-diffusion method, in vitro antimycotic potentials of 10 most preferred Nigerian toothpastes and tooth-gels on 86 oral Candida species, C. albicans 43 (50.0%), C. glabrata 5 (5.8%), C. pseudotropicalis 10 (11.6%) and C. tropicalis 28 (32.6%) indicated overall low (20.0%) to high (100%) susceptibility rates among the Candida species. Varied susceptibility rates of 18.6-100%, 20.0-100%, 30.0-100% and 60.7-96.4% were exhibited by the oral C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. pseudotropicalis and C. tropicalis respectively towards the test toothpastes and tooth-gels, although their susceptibility patterns were not species-specific. Minimal overall in vitro inhibitory activities were however, displayed by some strains towards Close Up Red / Dabur Herbal Gel (20.0%), Macleans (18.6-30.0%) and MyMy (23.3%). In conclusion, high in vitro inhibitory potentials of some commonly available toothpastes and tooth-gels in Nigeria on oral Candida strains and can therefore, serve as active teeth-cleansing agents in oral hygiene.
Soaps are known to posses antimicrobial properties, so it was hypothesised that soaps have in vit... more Soaps are known to posses antimicrobial properties, so it was hypothesised that soaps have in vitro antimycotic effects on Candida species associated with vulvo-vaginal candidasis. A total of 129 strains of vulvo-vaginal and oral Candida albicans (43), Candida glabrata (52), Candida pseudotropicalis (19) and Candida tropicalis (15) obtained from endo-cervical / high vaginal swabs and oral rinses and swabs of non-diseased subjects of patients were bioassayed to determine their in vitro susceptibilities to 12 local, 18 industrial and 5 detergent soaps. None of the soaps had in vitro inhibitory activities on any of the Candida strains. In conclusion, commonly available local, industrial and detergent soaps assayed for in this study did not inhibit any of the test pathogenic Candida species in vitro, implicating that such soaps cannot be used in personal hygiene, disinfecting of contaminated undergarments nor for toilet purposes and therefore, cannot be of advantage as washing / germicidal agents or as topical cleansing agents in mycotic clinical conditions.
This study tries to evaluate the ability of L. fermentum LbFF4 isolated from Nigerian fermented f... more This study tries to evaluate the ability of L. fermentum LbFF4 isolated from Nigerian fermented food (fufu) and L. plantarum LbOG1 from a beverage (ogi), to inhibit some fish bacterial pathogens (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Salmonella species) under in vitro conditions. Overall phenotypic antibiotic resistance of 124 Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from the gut contents of cat fish, Clarias gariepinus, using agar disc-diffusion method, indicated very high resistance to amoxicillin (88.8%), augmentin (85.1%), cotrimoxazole (80.6%), tetracycline (72.3%), gentamicin (61.9%) and nalidixic acid (57.5%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) of 37.5-87.5% were also recorded. None of the forty four Lactobacillus strains (L. brevis, L. delbruekii, L. fermentum, L. plantarum and L. reuterii) isolated from the gut contents of C. gariepinus was inhibitory in vitro towards the Gram-negative bacterial species. However, L. fermentum LbFF4 and L. plantarum LbOG1 exhibited in vitro antibacterial activities against 41.1 and 47.6% of the Gram-negative bacterial species respectively. The susceptibility patterns of the indicator pathogens using the probiotic candidates were significant. The potential probiotic candidates were able to survive relatively low pH (3.5-5.5) and the fish bile. This study therefore, signifies that lactobacilli-based probiotic candidates from Nigerian fermented foods and beverages can serve as adjunct, inhibitory food-supplements in the control of bacterial fish-borne pathogens of C. gariepinus.
A variety of probiotics show promise as effective therapies in the control of diarrhoea, however,... more A variety of probiotics show promise as effective therapies in the control of diarrhoea, however, diets and geographical locations affect probiotic therapy. In this pilot study, four indigenous probiotic candidates, Lactobacillus acidophilus AAOOL4, L. reuteri AAOOCH1, L. plantarum AAOO25NN and L. delbrueckii AAOOT20 were investigated for their in vitro bactericidal effects on bacterial pathogens implicated in infantile diarrhoea using the Tukey test. The inoculum levels were between 5 log 10 cfu g −l at 1% (inoculum per ogi sample) for 96 h at 35°C. The bactericidal effect of the probiotic candidates on the microbial load of the inoculated samples was determined by plate counts 24 hourly. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the control (4.79-5.
Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine... more Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. The study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. Urinary bacteria from cows and healthy children aged 5-11 years were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified agar disc and well-diffusion methods. A total of 116 bacterial isolates (n = 77 children; n = 39 cows) were identified as Bacillus (10.4%; 5.1%)), Staphylococcus (2.6%; 2.6%), Citrobacter (3.9%; 12.8%), Escherichia coli (36.4%; 23.1%), Klebsiella (7.8%; 12.8%), Proteus (18.2%; 23.1%), Pseudomonas (9.1%; 2.6%), Salmonella (3.9%; 5.1%) and Shigella (7.8%; 12.8%) spp. Antibiotic resistance rates of the Gram-positive bacteria were high (50.0100%), except in Bacillus strains ...
In spite of significant risks, as well as non-clinical importance due to loss of potency, stiff p... more In spite of significant risks, as well as non-clinical importance due to loss of potency, stiff penalties against administration of expired medications are still not appropriately enforced by health policy makers in many developing countries, possibly because of little evidence to support that expired medications are hazardous. The purpose of this study therefore, was to investigate the effect of expiration dates on in vitro bacteriostatic potentials of oral paediatric antibiotics. Comparative bacteriostatic potentials of 31 expired and seven corresponding unexpired oral paediatric antibiotics were determined on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria, using a modification of agar well-diffusion method. Verall total percentage in vitro resistance rates against expired and unexpired paediatric antibiotics respectively were - E. coli (≤100% vs. ≤15.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (≤100% vs. ≤31.3%), Proteus mirabilis (≤91.7% vs. ≤41.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (≤100% vs. ≤18.2%). Resistance rates of 45.5-55.8% (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 5), 39.5-63.6% (amoxycillin 6), 46.5-54.5% (cotrimoxazole 7), 37.5-63.6% (ampicillin + cloxacillin 18), and higher resistance rates of ≥75.0-100% were exhibited towards remaining expired antibiotics. Higher total resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates were also recorded against expired antibiotics (45.2-93.5%) compared to unexpired antibiotics (28.6-57.2%), except for few strains of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, unexpired paediatric antibiotics exhibited wider zones of inhibition towards the test diarrhoeagenic bacteria (≥25.0 mm diameter). This study provided preliminary microbiological results on the appreciable reduction in in vitro bacteriostatic potentials, as well as higher resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance rates among expired oral paediatric antibiotics on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria. Apart from less-efficacy, administration of expired antibiotics can lead to increased antibiotic resistance and clinical treatment failure, as well as adverse drug reactions.
The study aims at evaluating the potentials of soaps and germicides/disinfectants as adjunct topi... more The study aims at evaluating the potentials of soaps and germicides/disinfectants as adjunct topical anti-vulvovaginal candidasis agents. In vitro inhibitory activities of the test agents, prepared according to the manufacturer's specification for toilet and midwifery purposes were determined using modified agar well-diffusion method. Varied susceptibility patterns were exhibited by Candida albicans (26.5%), C. glabrata (18.4%), C. pseudotropicalis (14.3%) and C. tropicalis (40.8%) implicated in vulvovaginal candidasis, indicating Crusader oil (100%), Meriko (95%), Tetmosol (84.7%) and Aloe (68.4%) as the most inhibitory soaps against the Candida strains. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the germicides and disinfectants ranged between (Dettol; 34.6% and Purit; 84.6%) for C. albicans; (Roberts; 33.3% and Purit; 83.3%) for C. glabrata; (Roberts; 21.4% and Purit; 92.9%) for C. pseudotropicalis; (Dettol; 35.0% and Purit; 87.5%) for C. tropicalis respectively. All the Candida st...
Page 1. In vitro phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacterial flora of some indigenous orally co... more Page 1. In vitro phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacterial flora of some indigenous orally consumed herbal medications in Nigeria Adenike AO Ogunshe PhD1 and Taiwo T. Kolajo ND2 1Applied Microbiology and Infectious ...
The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2011
Research from developing countries, such as Nigeria, on Lactobacillus species in the female uroge... more Research from developing countries, such as Nigeria, on Lactobacillus species in the female urogenital tract and their role as a barrier to vaginal infection is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the clinical biotherapeutic potential of indigenous Lactobacillus species. Antimicrobial metabolites production were characterised using simple and easily reproducible qualitative and quantitative methods. The in vitro inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus antimicrobials on vulvovaginal candidiasis-associated Candida species was investigated using modified agar spot and agar well-diffusion methods. The maximum levels of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and diacetyl from 20 vaginal Lactobacillus strains from diseased subjects were 1.46 mg/L, 1.36 mmol/L, and 1.72 mg/L respectively. From the 4 healthy subjects, the maximum level of lactic acid was 1.08 mg/L; hydrogen peroxide, 1.36 mmol/L; and diacetyl, 0.86 mg/L. The maximum productions of these substances occurred between 7...
Objective: To investigate the possibility of isolating indigenous probiotic strains from faecal s... more Objective: To investigate the possibility of isolating indigenous probiotic strains from faecal specimens of breastfed infants. Method: One hundred and sixty four Lactobacillus strains [Lb. reuteri 72 (43.9%), Lb. casei 40 (24.4%), Lb. acidophilus 35 (21.3%), Lb. bifidus 11 ( ...
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infections (RHIs) in Nigeria has led into this study, which was to determine clinical pathogens in non-HIV
RHI in Nigeria using a tertiary health facility as case study.
Materials and Methods: A nine-year investigation was carried out between 1997 and 2005 on 4047
(n = 1626 males; n = 2421 females) patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic (STC) of University
College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Routine laboratory procedures using appropriate culture media,
culture conditions, and current phenotypic taxonomic tools for classification of isolated pathogens were
employed.
Results: Age (p = 0.019) and gender (p<0.0001) were related to the recovery rates of pathogens
Candida species (55.6 %), Neisseria gonorrhoae (11.1%), Gardenella vaginalis (10.3%), Escherichia
coli (9.2 %), Klebsiella sp. (4.2%), streptococci (4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.3%), Proteus sp.,
(1.8%), Haemophilus ducreyi (0.5%), Trichomonas vaginalis (0.44%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(0.18%). Candida and Gardenella vaginalis species were mostly recovered from female patients, while
N.gonorrhoeae were mostly isolated from male patients. Age brackets for the recovery of pathogens
were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16-30 years); Gardenella vaginalis (21-25 and 31-35 years) and
C.albicans (21-30 years).
Conclusion: Candida, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Gadrenella vaginalis were the most recovered
pathogens from patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria,
and the relationship between age, gender and the aetiological agents was statistically significant.
infections (RHIs) in Nigeria has led into this study, which was to determine clinical pathogens in non-HIV
RHI in Nigeria using a tertiary health facility as case study.
Materials and Methods: A nine-year investigation was carried out between 1997 and 2005 on 4047
(n = 1626 males; n = 2421 females) patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic (STC) of University
College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Routine laboratory procedures using appropriate culture media,
culture conditions, and current phenotypic taxonomic tools for classification of isolated pathogens were
employed.
Results: Age (p = 0.019) and gender (p<0.0001) were related to the recovery rates of pathogens
Candida species (55.6 %), Neisseria gonorrhoae (11.1%), Gardenella vaginalis (10.3%), Escherichia
coli (9.2 %), Klebsiella sp. (4.2%), streptococci (4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.3%), Proteus sp.,
(1.8%), Haemophilus ducreyi (0.5%), Trichomonas vaginalis (0.44%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(0.18%). Candida and Gardenella vaginalis species were mostly recovered from female patients, while
N.gonorrhoeae were mostly isolated from male patients. Age brackets for the recovery of pathogens
were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16-30 years); Gardenella vaginalis (21-25 and 31-35 years) and
C.albicans (21-30 years).
Conclusion: Candida, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Gadrenella vaginalis were the most recovered
pathogens from patients presenting at Special Treatment Clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria,
and the relationship between age, gender and the aetiological agents was statistically significant.