Papers by Rabia A Qureshi
Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment (JAABE), 2022
There is growing apprehension about the well-being and substantiality of our planet due to global... more There is growing apprehension about the well-being and substantiality of our planet due to global warming, rising energy consumption by the building sector, and depletion of natural resources. Architects and designers are in pursuit of the methods that may prove useful to limit the negative impacts of the building sector in order to respond to the changing needs of contemporary times. In Pakistan, along with the use and development of technologically advanced approaches, the revival of traditional vernacular architecture is seen as a way to achieve a sustainable future. In this study, the HarSukh Mansion, designed by the renowned traditionalist architect Kamil Khan Mumtaz, wasevaluatedbased on the functional level of the Deep Beauty framework. In addition to examining the pragmatic needs of the users with respect to the building architecture, the case study also investigated the fundamentals of sustainable living, including modern passive energy strategies, recycling of natural resources, use of locally available building materials, and various traditional design elements and strategies. The analysis determined that Deep Beauty in architecture can be used to build a sustainable future for the building sector.
In Pakistan, power outages have become frequent over the past two decades, due to a continuing en... more In Pakistan, power outages have become frequent over the past two decades, due to a continuing energy crisis. Reliance on machines for thermal comfort of buildings has led to high energy demands of the increasing population. The negative impacts of artificial environments have, also, diminished the sense of place, biophilia and cultural values. Moreover, globalization has standardized the built environments, causing a lack of regional identity and an absence of climate sensitivity in design. Keeping all these issues in focus, this article re-examines the fundamental aspects of traditional architecture and aims to stimulate architects and designers to create sustainable and life-enriching designs, which are appropriate for contemporary times. In this research, the first two levels of Deep Beauty (functional and typological) are used, as a conceptual framework for sustainable design, to analyse a representative of a traditional courtyard house. In conjunction with the theoretical underpinnings of the Deep Beauty framework, the analysis utilizes photographs, drawings, and diagrams to support the arguments. The research shows that the traditional court- yard house possesses numerous attributes of sustainable design, which can be incorporated into contemporary house design.
Islamic architecture is predominantly rich in ornamentation, and therefore, perfectly epitomizes ... more Islamic architecture is predominantly rich in ornamentation, and therefore, perfectly epitomizes the phenomenon of "cosmophilia"meaning "love of ornament." Taking this association as a point of departure, this article focuses on broadly identifying notions of cosmophilia in Islamic monuments that offer the finest and most varied examples of architectural ornamentation. In Islamic structures, where singular and unique ornamental devices can be located, the artistic programs of several monuments are concurrently found to be characterized by the "repeat ornament"decorative elements replicated many times to envelope the façades in entirety. In this article, a variety of structures, erected under different dynastic polities from the medieval and early modern Islamic world, have been examined to understand the connotations and meanings attached to the Islamic ornaments. This will be done by looking at figural imageries, geometric and vegetal motifs, calligrams synthesizing images and texts, as well as structural and non-structural components integrated into the historic structures for aesthetic purposes. The ultimate goal of this study is to attempt an interpretation of the concepts and in some cases philosophical undertones, that were meant to be communicated through the Islamic architectural ornaments.
The journal of the Symmetrion, 2021
This abstract is an exploration of the presence of what Michael Mehaffy calls "deep symmetry" in ... more This abstract is an exploration of the presence of what Michael Mehaffy calls "deep symmetry" in Kamil Khan Mumtaz's design of the Baba Hassan Din Shrine (2005) in Lahore, Pakistan. The project signifies the creation of meaningful and beautiful architecture in contemporary times, through compound symmetries that interrelate, transform and combine, forming a coherent structure that is considered essential for human well-being.
Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2020
Social Realism, an artistic movement introduced in the second quarter of the twentieth century, i... more Social Realism, an artistic movement introduced in the second quarter of the twentieth century, influenced an entire generation of artists all over the world. It explores the themes ranging from poverty to anti-state demonstrations, and from depictions against imperialism to class inequality, gender oppression and social injustice. Elements of social realism are not surprising to encounter in the Pakistani art world, considering the ideals of the style and the turbulent history of the country since its independence in 1947. Pakistani artists have always been sensitive to the social and political issues of the country, which have somewhat become fragments of its identity, especially as ascertained by the Western gaze. Women's persecution and social exclusion is one such subject that has become an identifier for Pakistan, although a human development report of the United Nations recognizes the country having better gender equality than neighboring India. Nevertheless, women oppression is also a theme that has often been explored by the profound Pakistani artists, using diverse approaches and media. The aim of this paper is to show how artistic works produced by different Pakistani artists are sometimes metaphorically, formalistically and symbolically connected in their concepts, drawing on the social realistic subject of gender oppression. The paper begins with briefly introducing the contemporary art of Pakistan and its diverse focuses. Subsequently, it juxtaposes two artistic works, produced decades apart and apparently using disparate forms: poetry and visual art. The poem titled "Merey Dard kō Jō Zubān Miley" (1972) by Modern revolutionary poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz (d. 1984), and the digital art series titled "The Veil" (2004) by contemporary artist Rashid Rana (b. 1968), are compared for this purpose. The objective is to demonstrate that although both these works appear distinct, in time and nature, yet they are covertly united in their Social Realistic theme of personifying subjugated women, as well as in their conceptual frameworks. The paper follows the methodology of formally analyzing both works; deconstructing their structures, meanings and connotations, and ultimately establishing an ekphrastic relationship between the two.
Sindh Antiquities , 2020
During the medieval period, the function of Islamic mausolea and tombs was not limited simply to ... more During the medieval period, the function of Islamic mausolea and tombs was not limited simply to places of interment or commemoration, but they had, and some continue having significant social, political as well as religious values associated with them. Using case studies and general observations this paper examines how the form, placement, and ornamentation (including epigraphic content) of Islamic funerary architecture, was employed by the patrons for the expression of state ideology, religious values, and dimensions of communal identity. For this purpose, the examples discussed are limited to royal and tribal tombs that were constructed between the twelfth and mid-seventeenth centuries, mainly in the Indian subcontinent. The chronological development of funerary architecture is analyzed with reference to the religious, political and social situation of that time. Such an analysis provides important information about the history, ideology, religious values and economic status of their patrons in particular and their socio-cultural group in general. The research links architectural design features of Islamic tombs, including both form and function, with the sequential arrival of the rulers and the response of the indigenous Indian people. This correlation evinces their interpretation of the Islamic religion, the development of new construction techniques, in addition to many other social influences.
Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 2021
In an attempt to learn from the wisdom of the past, this paper analyzes the architectural design ... more In an attempt to learn from the wisdom of the past, this paper analyzes the architectural design of a traditional courtyard house of Lahore, known as the Barood Khana Haveli. For this purpose, the archetypal level of the 'Deep Beauty Framework' is explored to find out the presence of geometry, number and proportion, as well as the inclusion of the four survival characteristics given by Grant Hildebrand (2008): complex order, prospect, refuge, enticement and peril. Among the various design strategies that are found in the haveli, this research discovers the use of root rectangles in the plans and geometric patterns of the six and eight-point stars in the decorative details. Examination of the prospect claiming courtyards, refuge spaces such as the verandahs, and paths that turn and disappear, offer inspirational ways in which designers can create more meaningful and life enhancing architectural experiences.
Quest for Architectural Identity of Pakistan: Ideological Shifts in the Works of Kamil Khan Mumtaz, 2021
Pakistan has a rich cultural history, originating from the prehistoric civilizations that flouris... more Pakistan has a rich cultural history, originating from the prehistoric civilizations that flourished thousands of years ago. Before ultimately becoming an independent country in 1947, the prolific lands that are now a part of present-day Pakistan, at one time or another, experienced the rule of Hindus, Buddhists, Greeks, Arabs, Mughals, Afghans, Sikhs, and British. Despite having such a diverse heritage, the contemporary architecture of this country appears to have lost its cultural and regional identity. Due to globalization and standardization, buildings of multiple architectural styles are visible throughout the country without any consideration of the context in terms of time and place. Such architecture is unable to evoke any connection between people, society, and culture. It is, therefore, unsustainable in its social, economic, cultural, and environmental framework. Most of the contemporary architects in Pakistan imitate the West, without the understanding of their own roots, yet frequently question the architectural identity of this region. Focusing on the architectural works of the renowned contemporary architect, Kamil Khan Mumtaz, this paper attempts to analyze how such questions on architectural identity can be answered. Kamil Khan Mumtaz is among the most prominent figures of the architectural profession in Pakistan. A recent recipient of the prestigious Sitara-e-Imtiaz award, he aspiringly synthesizes both pragmatic and philosophical facets of architecture. Throughout his career, he has been breaking new grounds in the conservation of architectural heritage, in addition to discovering and endorsing the principles used in the historic buildings of Pakistan. Through the study of Kamil Khan's significant works, this paper explores the Architect's professional journey, beginning as a trained Modernist, and then avidly shifting towards regionalism and traditionalism. It outlines the discourse by mapping the works in three distinctive phases of Kamil Khan's professional life and discusses the shift in his architectural ideology through time. which was in fact a quest for an "Architectural Identity" in search of a more appropriate architectural expression for Pakistan.
Pak. J. Engg. Appl. Sci. Vol. 25, 2019
Lahore is among the major urban centers in Pakistan, with increased energy demands, that has resu... more Lahore is among the major urban centers in Pakistan, with increased energy demands, that has resulted into frequent power blackouts. The growing population, economic disparities and competition, has further fueled the energy requirements and reliance on modern comforts [air-conditioners and heaters]. The standardized design layouts of modern houses suffer regional identity and continuity, that is typical of traditional residential settings rooted in time as they progressively evolved in response to cultural and climatic conditions of the city. This study employs the methodology of the "Deep Beauty Framework" [1] used by Coates that critically looks at architecture [in our case house types] on three levels: functional, typological and archetypal. The comparative analysis between a typical traditional courtyard house and a typical modern detached single-family house allows to understand the diametric conditions in design and planning of the two house-types. It also addresses the paradigm shifts driven by current socio-spatial and cultural conditions, establishing new trends for the future. We argue that the traditional courtyard house offers a valid proposition in the modern design and planning process. The design attributes of the traditional house instill a sense of place rooted in continuity with history, local/indigenous building materials and relies on passive heating and cooling techniques such as cross-ventilation, stack effect and evaporative cooling, that are legitimate propositions for a city that is frequently challenged by energy shortfalls till a permanent solution is achieved. Geometric patterns and arabesque design in the traditional house-types echo cultural continuity with spatial continuity that can be experienced throughout the house with prospect and refuge spaces [2] such as connected courtyards and verandas besides high ceilings for light and cooling. Courtyards in traditional house-types are known to engender social activities within the joint family system in more than one way. Conversely, the present-day detached single-family house in Lahore falls short in meeting the criteria established by the Deep Beauty Framework. The findings offer design opportunities to hybridize the unique spatial and physical characteristics of the traditional house with the spatial proclivities of the modern house for innovative designs that are more responsive to the current need, and to re-establish the continuity between the old and the new.
Conference Presentations by Rabia A Qureshi
CIPA | M International Congress for Architectural and Landscape Heritage - Malagueira, 2022
Throughout history, people, places, and regions developed unique characteristics that are meticul... more Throughout history, people, places, and regions developed unique characteristics that are meticulously knotted to the notion of “identity”. Prevalent cultural responses to the region’s geographic and environmental characteristics, establish an identity of a place and bring about sustainability. Place is not only a physical space, but exists in people’s memories and evokes emotions, experiences, and associations. Appointment of the “International” style, followed by globalization has resulted in a loss of identity in architecture, as the standardization of designs, materials, and construction methods leaves very little room for regional and cultural veracities of a place.
The South Asian region has undergone a profound transformation over the past few decades. Employment of new technologies, industry-produced building materials, and advanced construction methods, together with the adoption of western styles are deemed as an indication of economic growth and socio-cultural development. Pakistan, which originated in the pre-historic civilization of the Indus valley, possesses a rich cultural and architectural heritage, which has experienced decline and deterioration with the onset of modernization and globalization. The notion of identity in this country is rooted in historicism, nationalism, and the religion of Islam. The predominant dialect has tended to be quite diverse and is related to various periods in history, especially to indigenous cultural and architectural countenance. It is believed that cultural identity lies at the root of traditional and sustainable architecture. Even though ‘tradition’ is different from ‘heritage’ in the way that an entire legacy, including those aspects which may no longer exist in present practice or may never have become integrated into the popular culture, are still a part of heritage. Tradition is significant, as it is passed on from one generation to the other, based on its own deep-rooted culture and acquires a common identity. Some of the traditional forms become icons of an area or an era and are reproduced to symbolize and exalt the dreams of their patrons.
This paper is an attempt to redefine identity and the impact of globalization on regions with a rich heritage, taking the city of Lahore as an example. The historic city of Lahore is trying to reidentify itself as a global city while being rooted in its culture, tradition and heritage. For this, the cultural identity is assessed as a response to the globalization of cultural values and standardization of architectural practices. Through an exemplary case study, we analyse the role of traditional values associated with history, aesthetics, artistic values and authenticity on modern-day living to understand how the community relates to its cultural and social processes in contemporary times. The potential of traditional architecture is explored in terms of its sensitivity to prevailing social values and cultural norms in pursuit to find models that can present the identity of Lahore.
ArhiBau.hr 2022 Challenges of Recovery and Resilience, 2022
In this research, we analyze the economic sustainability through comparative cost analysis of the... more In this research, we analyze the economic sustainability through comparative cost analysis of the two contemporary residences of Lahore, Pakistan, built with contrasting materials and techniques. The first selected house is built using modern construction materials such as reinforced concrete, cement, steel, and brick; constructed in 9” and 4 ½” thick walls, and 6” RCC flat slab; with the architectural design following the western model of detached/ semi-detached family house with enclosed rooms with low ceiling height. The second selected residence is a traditional courtyard house constructed with vernacular building materials: lime mortar and brick, without any industry-produced materials; using traditional techniques of making arches, domes, and muqarnas, having thicker walls, elevated ceilings, and roofs with mud insulation.
Adequate evidence exists that industry-produced building materials, such as cement, concrete, and steel are not environmentally friendly with a higher carbon footprint, whilst the use of vernacular materials and indigenous techniques is a way towards sustainable development. We also considered other economic aspects such as time constraints, labour requirements, additional resource management, etc. This assessment will lead the stakeholders including the client, designer, and builder to consider an alternative approach of using traditional materials and methods while taking into account their long-term impacts.
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Papers by Rabia A Qureshi
Conference Presentations by Rabia A Qureshi
The South Asian region has undergone a profound transformation over the past few decades. Employment of new technologies, industry-produced building materials, and advanced construction methods, together with the adoption of western styles are deemed as an indication of economic growth and socio-cultural development. Pakistan, which originated in the pre-historic civilization of the Indus valley, possesses a rich cultural and architectural heritage, which has experienced decline and deterioration with the onset of modernization and globalization. The notion of identity in this country is rooted in historicism, nationalism, and the religion of Islam. The predominant dialect has tended to be quite diverse and is related to various periods in history, especially to indigenous cultural and architectural countenance. It is believed that cultural identity lies at the root of traditional and sustainable architecture. Even though ‘tradition’ is different from ‘heritage’ in the way that an entire legacy, including those aspects which may no longer exist in present practice or may never have become integrated into the popular culture, are still a part of heritage. Tradition is significant, as it is passed on from one generation to the other, based on its own deep-rooted culture and acquires a common identity. Some of the traditional forms become icons of an area or an era and are reproduced to symbolize and exalt the dreams of their patrons.
This paper is an attempt to redefine identity and the impact of globalization on regions with a rich heritage, taking the city of Lahore as an example. The historic city of Lahore is trying to reidentify itself as a global city while being rooted in its culture, tradition and heritage. For this, the cultural identity is assessed as a response to the globalization of cultural values and standardization of architectural practices. Through an exemplary case study, we analyse the role of traditional values associated with history, aesthetics, artistic values and authenticity on modern-day living to understand how the community relates to its cultural and social processes in contemporary times. The potential of traditional architecture is explored in terms of its sensitivity to prevailing social values and cultural norms in pursuit to find models that can present the identity of Lahore.
Adequate evidence exists that industry-produced building materials, such as cement, concrete, and steel are not environmentally friendly with a higher carbon footprint, whilst the use of vernacular materials and indigenous techniques is a way towards sustainable development. We also considered other economic aspects such as time constraints, labour requirements, additional resource management, etc. This assessment will lead the stakeholders including the client, designer, and builder to consider an alternative approach of using traditional materials and methods while taking into account their long-term impacts.
The South Asian region has undergone a profound transformation over the past few decades. Employment of new technologies, industry-produced building materials, and advanced construction methods, together with the adoption of western styles are deemed as an indication of economic growth and socio-cultural development. Pakistan, which originated in the pre-historic civilization of the Indus valley, possesses a rich cultural and architectural heritage, which has experienced decline and deterioration with the onset of modernization and globalization. The notion of identity in this country is rooted in historicism, nationalism, and the religion of Islam. The predominant dialect has tended to be quite diverse and is related to various periods in history, especially to indigenous cultural and architectural countenance. It is believed that cultural identity lies at the root of traditional and sustainable architecture. Even though ‘tradition’ is different from ‘heritage’ in the way that an entire legacy, including those aspects which may no longer exist in present practice or may never have become integrated into the popular culture, are still a part of heritage. Tradition is significant, as it is passed on from one generation to the other, based on its own deep-rooted culture and acquires a common identity. Some of the traditional forms become icons of an area or an era and are reproduced to symbolize and exalt the dreams of their patrons.
This paper is an attempt to redefine identity and the impact of globalization on regions with a rich heritage, taking the city of Lahore as an example. The historic city of Lahore is trying to reidentify itself as a global city while being rooted in its culture, tradition and heritage. For this, the cultural identity is assessed as a response to the globalization of cultural values and standardization of architectural practices. Through an exemplary case study, we analyse the role of traditional values associated with history, aesthetics, artistic values and authenticity on modern-day living to understand how the community relates to its cultural and social processes in contemporary times. The potential of traditional architecture is explored in terms of its sensitivity to prevailing social values and cultural norms in pursuit to find models that can present the identity of Lahore.
Adequate evidence exists that industry-produced building materials, such as cement, concrete, and steel are not environmentally friendly with a higher carbon footprint, whilst the use of vernacular materials and indigenous techniques is a way towards sustainable development. We also considered other economic aspects such as time constraints, labour requirements, additional resource management, etc. This assessment will lead the stakeholders including the client, designer, and builder to consider an alternative approach of using traditional materials and methods while taking into account their long-term impacts.