Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Pengenalan (TDM)
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Pengenalan (TDM)
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Pengenalan (TDM)
1. Dosis
2. Absorbsi dan distribusi ke tempat tsb
3. Laju serta besarnya eliminasi obat
Cardiac Glycosides
Digitoxin 1 mo 8-24 h 13-25 ug/L
Digoxin 5-7 d 8-24 h 0.9-2.2 ug/L
May be longer in renal
insufficiency
Drug Time to steady state Sampling time Therapeutic range
(mg/L)
Antiepileptics
Carbamazepine 2-6 d Trough 4-10
Ethosuximide 1-2 wk Any time 40-100
Phenobarbital 3 wk Any time 15-40
Phenytoin 7d 2-4 h 10-20
Bronchodilators
Theophylline Adult: 2 d IV: 30 min after IV LD 10-20
Children: 1-2 d : 4-6 h after beginning therapy
Infants: 1-5 d : 12-18 h after beginning therapy
Newborn: 120 h Oral: peak
Premy: 150 h 2 h after rapid release prep
4 h after sustained release prep
Drug Time to steady state Sampling time Therapeutic range
(mg/L)
Analgesics
Aspirin 1-5 d 1-3 h 150-300 (antiinflam.)
250-400 (rheumatic fev)
Paracetamol 4 h postingestion > 200
toxicity 12 h postingestion > 50
Psychoactive Drugs
Amitriptyline 3-8 d Trough 150-250 ug/L
Imipramine 2-5 d Trough 150-250 ug/L
Nortriptyline 4-20 d Trough 50-150 ug/L
Lithium 3-7 d Trough 0.6-1.2 mEq/L