Kota inti (Jepang)
■ ― Kota terpilih
■ ― Kota inti
■ ― Kota khusus
Kota inti (中核市, Chūkakushi) adalah kelas atau kategori kota di Jepang. Kota inti di Jepang ditetapkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Otonomi Lokal Bab 252 Pasal 22 Butir 1.[1] Kedudukan kota inti berada di bawah kota terpilih. Syarat mendapatkan status kota inti adalah populasi penduduk lebih dari 300.000 orang.
Sejarah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Istilah "kota inti" (chūkakushi) dicantumkan dalam Bab 252 Pasal 22 butir 1 Undang-Undang Otonomi Lokal Jepang.[2]
Daftar kota inti
[sunting | sunting sumber]Hingga tahun 2012, ada 41 kota di Jepang yang digolongkan sebagai kota inti:
| Nama kota | Kanji | Populasi (2012) | Tanggal ditetapkan | Wilayah | Prefektur |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akita | 秋田 | 322.224 | 1997-04-01 | Tōhoku | Akita |
| Amagasaki | 尼崎 | 451.353 | 2009-04-01 | Kansai | Hyogo |
| Aomori | 青森 | 297.348 | 2006-10-01 | Tōhoku | Aomori |
| Asahikawa | 旭川 | 351.765 | 2000-04-01 | Hokkaido | Hokkaido |
| Fukuyama | 福山 | 462,144 | 1998-04-01 | Chūgoku | Hiroshima |
| Funabashi | 船橋 | 610,492 | 2003-04-01 | Kantō | Chiba |
| Gifu | 岐阜 | 412,718 | 1996-04-01 | Chūbu | Gifu |
| Hakodate | 函館 | 279,056 | 2005-10-01 | Hokkaido | Hokkaido |
| Higashiōsaka | 東大阪 | 508,267 | 2005-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka |
| Himeji | 姫路 | 536,218 | 1996-04-01 | Kansai | Hyogo |
| Iwaki | いわき | 332,994 | 1999-04-01 | Tōhoku | Fukushima |
| Kagoshima | 鹿児島 | 607,257 | 1996-04-01 | Kyushu | Kagoshima |
| Kashiwa | 柏 | 404,863 | 2008-04-01 | Kantō | Chiba |
| Kanazawa | 金沢 | 462,796 | 1996-04-01 | Chūbu | Ishikawa |
| Kawagoe | 川越 | 345,361 | 2003-04-01 | Kantō | Saitama |
| Kōchi | 高知 | 342,568 | 1998-04-01 | Shikoku | Kōchi |
| Kōriyama | 郡山 | 331,140 | 1997-04-01 | Tōhoku | Fukushima |
| Kurashiki | 倉敷 | 477,086 | 2002-04-01 | Chūgoku | Okayama |
| Kurume | 久留米 | 301,821 | 2008-04-01 | Kyushu | Fukuoka |
| Maebashi | 前橋 | 338,481 | 2009-04-01 | Kantō | Gunma |
| Matsuyama | 松山 | 516,823 | 2000-04-01 | Shikoku | Ehime |
| Miyazaki | 宮崎 | 402,289 | 1998-04-01 | Kyushu | Miyazaki |
| Morioka | 盛岡 | 299,734 | 2008-04-01 | Tōhoku | Iwate |
| Nagano | 長野 | 380,581 | 1999-04-01 | Chūbu | Nagano |
| Nagasaki | 長崎 | 440,911 | 1997-04-01 | Kyushu | Nagasaki |
| Nara | 奈良 | 365,421 | 2002-04-01 | Kansai | Nara |
| Nishinomiya | 西宮 | 483,878 | 2008-04-01 | Kansai | Hyogo |
| Ōita | 大分 | 476,008 | 1997-04-01 | Kyushu | Ōita |
| Okazaki | 岡崎 | 374,085 | 2003-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi |
| Ōtsu | 大津 | 339,469 | 2009-04-01 | Kansai | Shiga |
| Shimonoseki | 下関 | 277,937 | 2005-10-01 | Chūgoku | Yamaguchi |
| Takamatsu | 高松 | 420,356 | 1999-04-01 | Shikoku | Kagawa |
| Takasaki | 高崎 | 371,820 | 2011-04-01 | Kantō | Gunma |
| Takatsuki | 高槻 | 355,840 | 2003-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka |
| Toyama | 富山 | 421,393 | 2005-04-01 | Chūbu | Toyama |
| Toyohashi | 豊橋 | 375,804 | 1999-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi |
| Toyonaka | 豊中 | 390,457 | 2012-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka |
| Toyota | 豊田 | 420,680 | 1998-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi |
| Utsunomiya | 宇都宮 | 513,722 | 1996-04-01 | Kantō | Tochigi |
| Wakayama | 和歌山 | 368,684 | 1997-04-01 | Kansai | Wakayama |
| Yokosuka | 横須賀 | 415,259 | 2001-04-01 | Kantō | Kanagawa |
Mantan kota inti
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Pembagian administratif Jepang |
|---|
| Tingkat Prefektur |
| Tingkat subprefektur |
| Tingkat Kotamadya |
| Tingkat Sub-kotamadya |
| Nama kota | Kanji | Tanggal ditetapkan | Tanggal naik status | Wilayah | Prefektur |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamamatsu | 浜松 | 1996-04-01 | 2007-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Chūbu | Prefektur Shizuoka |
| Kumamoto | 熊本 | 1996-04-01 | 2012-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Kyushu | Kumamoto |
| Niigata | 新潟 | 1996-04-01 | 2007-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Chūbu | Prefektur Niigata |
| Okayama | 岡山 | 1996-04-01 | 2009-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Chūgoku | Prefektur Okayama |
| Sagamihara | 相模原 | 2003-04-01 | 2010-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Kantō | Prefektur Kanagawa |
| Sakai | 堺 | 1996-04-01 | 2006-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Kansai | Prefektur Osaka |
| Shizuoka | 静岡 | 1996-04-01 | 2005-04-01 (kota terpilih) | Chūbu | Prefektur Shizuoka |
Kota inti dalam jadwal
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Nama kota | Kanji | Rencana | Wilayah | Prefektur |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naha | 那覇 | 1 April 2013 | Kyushu | Prefektur Okinawa |
| Yokkaichi | 四日市 | - | Kansai | Prefektur Mie |
| Ichinomiya | 一宮 | - | Chūbu | Prefektur Aichi |
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Web-Japan.org, "Local self-government," p. 3; Diakses 2012-11-28.
- ^ United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), "Country paper:Japan, Local Government Categories" Diarsipkan 2013-04-11 di Wayback Machine.; Diakses 2012-11-28.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- "Japan's Evolving Nested Municipal Hierarchy: The Race for Local Power in the 2000s," oleh A.J. Jacobs di Urban Studies Research, Vol. 2011 (2011); doi:10.1155/2011/692764
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20190917003255/http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~coslog/activity/01/04/file/Bunyabetsu-20_en.pdf Diarsipkan 2019-09-17 di Wayback Machine. "Large City System of Japan"; graphic shows core cities compared with other Japanese city types at p. 1 [PDF 7 of 40]]