Sejarah umat Katolik Mangalore
Sejarah umat Katolik Mangalore terdiri dari tiga masa utama. Masa yang pertama terdiri dari keturunan Arya dari leluhur mereka, yang sempat tinggal di wilayah yang sekarang berada di Sungai Saraswati, dan kemudian berpindah ke Goa yang dikarenakan sungai meluap dan/atau invasi Muslim. Masa kedua adalah warisan Lusitania, yang dikarenakan pemindahan agama leluhur Hindu mereka di Goa ke Katolik Roma oleh bangsa Portugis, dan masa yang terakhir adalah perpindahan penganut Katolik Goa ke Mangalore dan bagian Kanara Selatan lainnya antara pertengahan abad ke-16 dan pertengahan abad ke-18, membentuk identitas umat Katolik Mangalore yang baru, dan kemudian menjadi komunitas yang bertumbuh dan berkembang.[1] Selama beberapa abad tinggal di Kanara Selatan, mereka menjadikan Katolik sebagai identitas mereka sendiri.[2]
Penganut Katolik Roma dari Goa berpindah ke Mangalore dalam tiga arus utama, yang pertama setelah 1560, yang kedua setelah 1570, dan yang ketiga sekitar tahun 1683. Arus perpindahan pertama dikarenakan Inkuisisi Goa 1560. Arus kedua dan ketiga karena bencana kelaparan, epidemik, dan masalah politik seperti peperangan Portugis–Maratha.[3] Pada masa rezim Hyder Ali, komunitas tersebut berkembang. Setelah putranya Tippu Sultan mengambil alih jabatannya di Mangalore pada Januari 1784, ia mengeluarkan perintah untuk menangkapi penganut Kristen di Kanara, merampas tempat tinggal mereka, dan membuang mereka ke Seringapatam. Mereka mengalami penderitaan yang berat, penyiksaan, kematian dan penganiayaan pada masa pembuangan tersebut. Beberapa penganut Kristen dipaksa berpindah ke Islam. Dari 60,000-80,000 penganut Kristen yang dibuang, hanya 15,000-20,000 orang yang bertahan hidup sebagai penganut Kristen.[4] Pembuangan tersebut berakhir dengan kematian Tippu dalam Pertempuran Seringapatam (1799).
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Machado 1999, hlm. xiii: "In fact the Aryan Inheritance and the Lusitanian Legacy may be regarded as the first two of the three major eras in the history of our community, the third and final era being the southward migration to Mangalore and other parts of Kanara between the mid 16th and mid 18th centuries, and the subsequent growth and development of the fledgling community."
- ^ Farias 1999, hlm. 299: "Four centuries of living in South Kanara gave these Catholics an identity of their own. Thus they are commonly known as Mangalorean Catholics."
- ^ Kanjamala, Augustine; Commission for Proclamation and Communication (Catholic Bishops' Conference of India) (1997). Paths of mission in India today. St Pauls BYB. hlm. 160. ISBN 978-81-7109-286-4.
- ^ Machado 1999, hlm. xiv
Daftar pustaka
- Farias, Kranti K. (1999). The Christian Impact on South Kanara. Church History Association of India.
- "History" (PDF). South Kanara District Gazetteer. Karnataka State Gazetteer. 12. Gazetteer Department (Government of Karnataka). 1973. hlm. 33–85.
- "People" (PDF). South Kanara District Gazetteer. Karnataka State Gazetteer. 12. Gazetteer Department (Government of Karnataka). 1973. hlm. 86–125.
- Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. I.J.A. Publications. ISBN 978-81-86778-25-8.
- Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama; Borges, Charles J. (2000). Goa-Kanara Portuguese relations, 1498-1763. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-7022-848-6.
- Silva, Severine; Fuchs, Stephen (1965). The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara, India (PDF). 2. 24. Asian Folklore Studies, Universitas Nanzan (Jepang). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-03-20. Diakses tanggal 2015-10-16.
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compiled from official and authentic documents by Lieutenant Colonel Gurwood
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