Ular-derik besar

Ular-derik besar ;
	Crotalus
	; timber rattlesnake (en)
Penyakit	rattlesnake bite (en)
Taksonomi
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Genus	Crotalus ; Linnaeus, 1758
Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758; Crotalophorus Houttuyn, 1764; Caudisona Laurenti, 1768; Crotalinus Rafinesque, 1815; Crotalurus Rafinesque, 1820; Crotulurus Rafinesque, 1820; Uropsophus Wagler, 1830; Urocrotalon Fitzinger, 1843; Aploaspis Cope, 1867; Aechmophrys ; Coues In Wheeler, 1875; Haploaspis Cope, 1883; Paracrotalus Reuss, 1930;

Ular-derik besar atau ular-derik sejati adalah kelompok ular derik yang hanya bisa ditemukan di Amerika tersebar luas mulai dari Kanada bagian selatan lalu ke selatan hingga Brasil bagian utara dengan populasi terisolasi di Argentina bagian utara.^[2]

Deskripsi

Semua jenis dari marga ini, sesuai dengan namanya, memiliki segmen derik di ekornya yang bisa menghasilkan suara bila digetarkan atau digoyangkan. Namun, ular ini hanya akan menggetarkan ekornya jika merasa terganggu.^[3]

Jumlah ruas derik

Ular derik besar yang baru lahir hanya memiliki satu ruas derik. Ruas tersebut akan bertambah satu setiap ular ini berganti kulit hingga mencapai dewasa. Biasanya ular dewasa memiliki 8 sampai 14 ruas. Namun pernah ditemukan spesimen yang memiliki derik berjumlah hampir 30 ruas.^[4]^[5]

Spesies

Crotalus adamanteus PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS, 1799 - Ular-derik punggung-permata timur
Crotalus angelensis KLAUBER, 1963
Crotalus aquilus KLAUBER, 1952
Crotalus armstrongi CAMPBELL, 1979
Crotalus atrox BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 - Ular-derik punggung-permata barat
Crotalus basiliscus (COPE, 1864)
Crotalus campbelli BRYSON JR, LINKEM, DORCAS, LATHROP, JONES, ALVARADO-DÍAZ,, GRÜNWALD & MURPHY, 2014
Crotalus catalinensis CLIFF, 1954
Crotalus cerastes HALLOWELL, 1854
Crotalus cerberus (COUES, 1875)
Crotalus culminatus KLAUBER, 1952
Crotalus durissus LINNAEUS, 1758 - Cascabel
Crotalus enyo (COPE, 1861)
Crotalus ericsmithi CAMPBELL & FLORES-VILLELA, 2008
Crotalus estebanensis KLAUBER, 1949
Crotalus horridus LINNAEUS, 1758 - Ular-derik kayu
Crotalus intermedius TROSCHEL, 1865
Crotalus lannomi TANNER, 1966
Crotalus lepidus (KENNICOTT, 1861)
Crotalus lorenzoensis RADCLIFF & MASLIN, 1975
Crotalus mitchellii (COPE, 1861)
Crotalus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853
Crotalus morulus KLAUBER, 1952
Crotalus oreganus HOLBROOK, 1840 - Ular-derik Pasifik
Crotalus ornatus HALLOWELL, 1854
Crotalus polisi MEIK, SCHAACK, FLORES-VILLELA & STREICHER, 2018
Crotalus polystictus (COPE, 1865)
Crotalus pricei VAN DENBURGH, 1895
Crotalus pusillus KLAUBER, 1952
Crotalus pyrrhus (COPE, 1866)
Crotalus ravus COPE, 1865
Crotalus ruber COPE, 1892 - Ular-derik punggung-permata merah
Crotalus scutulatus (KENNICOTT, 1861)
Crotalus simus LATREILLE, 1801
Crotalus stejnegeri DUNN, 1919
Crotalus stephensi KLAUBER, 1930
Crotalus tancitarensis ALVARADO-DÍAZ & CAMPBELL, 2004
Crotalus thalassoporus MEIK, SCHAACK, FLORES-VILLELA & STREICHER, 2018
Crotalus tigris KENNICOTT, 1859 - Ular-derik harimau
Crotalus tlaloci BRYSON, LINKEM, DORCAS, LATHROP, JONES, ALVARADO-DÍAZ, GRÜNWALD & MURPHY, 2014
Crotalus totonacus GLOYD & KAUFFELD, 1940
Crotalus transversus TAYLOR, 1944
Crotalus triseriatus (WAGLER, 1830)
Crotalus tzabcan KLAUBER, 1952 - Tzabcan
Crotalus unicolor VAN LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1887
Crotalus vegrandis KLAUBER, 1941
Crotalus viridis (RAFINESQUE, 1818)
Crotalus willardi MEEK, 1905

Referensi

^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
^ Fergus, Charles (2003). Wildlife of Virginia and Maryland and Washington, Part 3. Stackpole Books. hlm. 460. ISBN 978-0-8117-2821-8.
^ Parker HW, Grandison AGC. 1977. Snakes -- a natural history. Second Edition. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (cloth), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).
^ Stidworthy J. 1974. Snakes of the World. Grosset & Dunlap Inc. 160 pp. ISBN 0-448-11856-4.

Cope ED. 1867. On the Reptilia and Batrachia of the Sonoran province of the Nearctic region. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 18: 300-314[310].
Cope ED. 1883. Notes on the geographical distribution of batrachia and reptilia in western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 35: 10-35[13].
Coues E. 1875. Synopsis of the Reptiles and Batrachians of Arizona; with Critical and Field Notes, and an Extensive Synonymy, p. 585-633.[609]. In Wheeler GM. 1875. Report Upon Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian. Volume V. Zoology: Reports Upon the Zoological Collections Obtained from Portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, During the Years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Fitzinger LJFJ. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp.[29].
Heckel JO, Sisson DC, Quist CF. 1994. Apparent fatal snakebite in three hawks. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30(4): 616-619.
Houttuyn, M. 1764. Natuurlyke historie of uitvoerige beschryving der dieren, planten en mineraalen, volgens het samenstel van den Heer Linnæus. Met naauwkeurige afbeeldingen. Eerste deels, zesde stuk. Dieren van beiderley leven. Amsterdam. 558 pp.[290].
Hubbs, Brian and Brendan O'Connor. 2012. A Guide to the Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States. Tricolor Books. Tempe, Arizona. 129 pp. ISBN 978-0-9754641-3-7.
Keegan HL. 1944. Indigo snakes feeding upon poisonous snakes. Copeia 1944(1): 59.
Klauber LM. 1927. Some observations on the rattlesnakes of the extreme southwest. Bull. Antivenin Inst. Am. 1(1): 7-21.
Klauber LM. 1936. Key to the rattlesnakes with summary characteristics. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 8(2): 185-276.
Klauber LM. 1971. Classification, distribution and biology of the venomous snakes of northern Mexico, the United States and Canada: Crotalus and Sistrurus. pp. 115–156 In Bucherl W, Buckley E. 1971. Venomous animals and their venoms, vol. 2. Venomous vertebrates. Academic Press, New York.
Klauber LM. 1972. Rattlesnakes: Their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. 2nd edition. 2 Vols. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Laurenti JN. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatum cum experimentis circa Venena et antidota reptilium Austriacorum. J.T. de Trattern, Wien. 214 pp.[92].
Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th ed. Vol. 1. Stockholm. 824 pp.[214].
Rafinesque CS. 1815. Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Jean Barravecchia, Palermo. 224 pp. (Herpetol. section) pp. 73–78[77].
Rafinesque CS. 1820. Annals of Nature, or Annual Synopsys of New Genera and Species of Animals and Plants Discovered in North America. Lexington. (22): 1-16.[5].
Reuss T. 1930. Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Bosni I Hercegovini. Sveska za Prirodne Nauke. 42: 57-114[60, 88].
Wagler J. 1830. Natürliches system der amphibien, mit vorangehender classification der Säugthiere und vögel. München, Stuttgart und Tübingen. vi, 354 pp.[176], 9 pls.

[McD99-1] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[C&L04-2] Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.

[wva-3] Fergus, Charles (2003). Wildlife of Virginia and Maryland and Washington, Part 3. Stackpole Books. hlm. 460. ISBN 978-0-8117-2821-8.

[P&G77-4] Parker HW, Grandison AGC. 1977. Snakes -- a natural history. Second Edition. British Museum (Natural History) and Cornell University Press. 108 pp. 16 plates. LCCCN 76-54625. ISBN 0-8014-1095-9 (cloth), ISBN 0-8014-9164-9 (paper).

[Sti74-5] Stidworthy J. 1974. Snakes of the World. Grosset & Dunlap Inc. 160 pp. ISBN 0-448-11856-4.

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