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Distributions Of Real Income: Within Countries And By World Income Classes

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  • Pan A. Yotopoulos

Abstract

Income and expenditure data from 14 countries (representing one‐third of the world's population), mostly from the 1970s, are used to construct national income distributions and, after normalizing by purchasing power parities, to construct a “world” distribution of real income. The density of real‐income equivalent groups (socio‐economic classes) across countries is measured for the “affluent,” the “well‐off,” and the “poor.” In comparison with earlier studies, most national distributions of income seem to have been improving, the numbers of those in poverty (based on real income) are lower, and, most important (and disturbing for some) is that the “affluent” class (and those above “middle class” income levels) has (prematurely) swelled in a number of developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Pan A. Yotopoulos, 1989. "Distributions Of Real Income: Within Countries And By World Income Classes," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 35(4), pages 357-376, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:revinw:v:35:y:1989:i:4:p:357-376
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00598.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Ms. Camelia Minoiu & Sanjay Reddy, 2008. "Kernel Density Estimation Based on Grouped Data: The Case of Poverty Assessment," IMF Working Papers 2008/183, International Monetary Fund.
    2. François Bourguignon & Christian Morrisson, 2002. "Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820-1992," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(4), pages 727-744, September.
    3. Ravallion, Martin & Datt, Gaurav & van de Walle, Dominique & Chan, Elaine, 1991. "Quantifying the magnitude and severity of absolute poverty in the developing world in the mid-1980s," Policy Research Working Paper Series 587, The World Bank.
    4. Arvind Panagariya, 2003. "Miracles and Debacles: Do Free-trade Skeptics have a Case?," International Trade 0308013, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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