After an M.D. and training in bacteriology and virology, an M.Sc. in biochemistry, a career in medical and biological research (virology, genetics, genomics...) at the French institutes CNRS and INSERM, retirement prompted Jean-Claude Chuat (1936-) to attend as an auditor - from 2003 onwards - seminars in Greek and Latin epigraphy at the EPHE-Sorbonne in Paris, thus reviving a lifelong interest in classical studies and onomastics. The purpose of the present statement is to account for the heterogeneity of the accompanying publication list. See also https://ietr.academia.edu/JeanClaudeCHUATless
We report here the construction of a complete physical map of the chromosome X of yeast Saccharom... more We report here the construction of a complete physical map of the chromosome X of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fragments resulting from partial Sau3AI digestion of DNA from a diploid strain derived from S288C were ligated to linearized pWE15, a cosmid vector with T3 and T7 promoters. Another library, made in the cosmid vector pOU61 cos, that lacks T3 and T7 promoters, was also used as a source of target clones. Chromosome-X-specific clones were sorted out by hybridization with radiolabelled pulse-field-gel-purified chromosome X as a probe. Then, 254 cosmids were ordered by walking from one to another by hybridization with end-specific T3 or T7 RNA transcripts as probes. The construction was put to the test by hybridization with a battery of chromosome X gene markers, that showed that the physical map and the genetic map were colinear. The validity of the contig was further strengthened by the results of chromosome nested fractionation with meganuclease I-SceI. An EcoRI restriction map of the contig enabled further verification and measurement of the total length of the contig, that was found to be approximately 700 kb in size. In addition to providing a base for the ongoing yeast genome sequencing project, the physical map can be used to map any sequence belonging to chromosome X.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the 3877-bp segment spanning the 3' region of intron-... more The complete nucleotide sequence of the 3877-bp segment spanning the 3' region of intron-6 to the 5' region of intron-9 of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-encoding ten-exon gene, LPL, is reported. An Alu repeat present in intron-7 was found by sequence analysis to belong to the 40-55-million-year-old Alu-Se subclass.
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of class I endogenous type-C virus induced by iododeoxyuridin... more Isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of class I endogenous type-C virus induced by iododeoxyuridine treatment of BALB/K-3T3 cells revealed, in addition to the major variant of the p30 polypeptide, which has an isoelectric point of 6.1 (pI 6.1 isop30), a minor isop30 with a pI of 5.6. This value was also found for a prototype BALB/c B-tropic endogenous virus isolate. The pI 5.6 isop30 of the N-tropic isolate was amplified by long-term virus replication in B-type mouse cells, and comparative IEF and XC-assay data suggest that it may correspond to a B-tropic subpopulation which has not yet been detected in vitro in mouse cells of embryonic origin.
Hybrid cell lines were prepared by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with the spleen cells of Wis... more Hybrid cell lines were prepared by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with the spleen cells of Wistar-Furth rats that had been immunized with a Moloney sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV)-induced tumour, MFU. Two immunization protocols were designed. In the first, the animals received several injections of irradiated (10 000 rad) cells of a tumour cell line established in vitro, MFU-67. The rats received a booster injection 3 days prior to fusion. In the second protocol, immunization was the result of simple tumour growth, and no booster was given. Hybrids were tested by immunofluorescence for the production of immunoglobulins reacting with mouse cells acutely infected with Mo-MuSV. Over 20% of reactive hybrids were observed in the tumour growth protocol, and about 10% in the irradiated cell protocol when the last injection of the series was given 2 weeks before fusion. After 6 months, the proportion fell to 3%. Hybrid lines producing antibody to p30, the major core polypeptide of murine retroviruses, were obtained by cloning. Three of these were selected for closer study and were found to recognize three non-overlapping epitopes on p30. By direct and competitive binding in ELISA tests, the three epitopes were found to have very different distribution patterns among the various strains and isolates of murine retroviruses.
The group-specific (GS) antigen of murine tumor viruses was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in... more The group-specific (GS) antigen of murine tumor viruses was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in mouse cells recently infected by mouse sarcoma virus, strain Moloney (MSV-M), with the serum of rats carrying long-transplanted MSV-M tumors. GS antigen was detected 15 h post-infection and was also present in various mouse and rat cell lines chronically infected with murine tumor viruses. The antigen was strictly localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells and was also found in mouse and rat cells chronically infected by members of the two major subgroups of murine tumor viruses. Further, the sera employed were shown to contain exclusively GS antibodies and the tumors used for immunization were found by several techniques to be free of virus envelope (V) antigens after a given number of passages in vivo. V antigens were visible only at the cell membrane and the time course of appearance of both GS and V antigens in recently infected cells was parallel. In contrast, GS antigen was not observed in two hamster tumor lines transformed by MSV-M.Etude du Virus du Sarcome Murin: II. Detection des Antigpnes Specifiques de Groupe par ImmunofluorescenceL'antigène spécifique de groupe (gs) des tumeurs murines a été mis en évidence par immunofluorescence dans des cellules de souris récemment infectées par le virus du sarcome murin, souche Moloney (VSM-M), au moyen de sérum de rats porteurs de tumeurs à VSM-M plusieurs fois transplantées. l'antigène gs a été décelé 15 heures après l'infection; il était également présent dans diverses lignées cellulaires de rats et de souris chroniquement infectées par les virus des tumeurs murines. l'antigène était strictement localisé et n'apparaissait que dans le cytoplasme des cellules infectées; il a aussi été décelé dans les cellules de rat et de souris chroniquement infectées par des virus appartenant aux deux principaux sous-groupes des virus des tumeurs murines. En outre, on a constaté que les sérums utilisés contenaient exclusivement les anticorps gs; diverses techniques ont montré que les tumeurs employées pour l'immunisation ne contenaient plus d'antigènes (V) à enveloppe virale après un certain nombre de passages in vivo. Les antigènes V n'étaient visibles que sur la membrane cellulaire et le temps nécessaire à l'apparition des antigènes gs et V dans les cellules récemment infectées était du měme ordre. Par contre, l'antigène gsn'a pas été observé dans deux souches tumorales de hamster transformées par le VSM-M.
The antigenicity of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) transformed mouse, rat and hamster cells has been ... more The antigenicity of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) transformed mouse, rat and hamster cells has been studied by several techniques designed to detect surface antigens. Antigens were readily demonstrated on neoplastic mouse and rat cells. There was complete cross-reactivity between cells induced by the Harvey (MSV-H) or Moloney (MSV-M) strains of MSV and by Moloney Leukemia Virus (MLV). No evidence of a distinct or separate „MSV-non-MLV” antigen could be obtained by cross absorptions of MSV/MLV antisera and cells, or by tests designed to break MLV tolerance. Such results favor the view that MSV and MLV are closely related entities.With the 8303 line of MSV-M transformed hamster cells serological tests revealed little if any reactivity with strongly positive mouse anti-MSV/MLV antisera. In one test, however, immunization of mice with these cells gave some degree of protection against syngeneic MSV sarcoma.
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 1989
The human lipoprotein lipase gene was cloned and characterized. It is composed of 10 exons spanni... more The human lipoprotein lipase gene was cloned and characterized. It is composed of 10 exons spanning ≈ 30 kilobases. The first exon encodes the 5'-untranslated region, the signal peptide plus the first two amino acids of the mature protein. The next eight exons encode the remaining 446 amino acids, and the tenth exon encodes the long 3'-untranslated region of 1948 nucleotides. The lipoprotein lipase transcription start site and the sequence of the 5'-flanking region were also determined. We compared the organization of genes for lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, pancreatic lipase, and Drosophila yolk protein 1, which are members of a family of related genes. A model for the evolution of the lipase gene family is presented that involves multiple rounds of gene duplication plus exon-shuffling and intron-loss events.
The COR region, a gene cluster located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and including ... more The COR region, a gene cluster located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and including genes CYC1, UTR1, UTR3, OSM1, tRNAGly and RAD7, was sequenced within the framework of the European Union genome systematic sequencing project. It was compared with previously published sequences to be found in GenBank under the acronym YSCCORA. While some of the discrepancies observed can be readily ascribed to polymorphism, others most probably result from sequencing errors. A revised version of the sequence of the COR cluster is given. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL Data Library under Accession Number L26347.
A dog whole-genome radiation hybrid (WGRH) panel including 126 clones was constructed by fusing d... more A dog whole-genome radiation hybrid (WGRH) panel including 126 clones was constructed by fusing dog fibroblasts irradiated at 5000 rads with thymidine kinase-deficient hamster cells. The average retention frequency of the panel designated as RHDF5000 is 21%, and its resolution power is estimated at 600 kb. The data provided by typing 400 markers were used to estimate linkage power changes subsequent to panel reduction. These changes were analyzed by recomputing typing data from five reduced panels. From these simulations, the parameters allowing investigation of the evolution of the linkage power in the course of panel reduction were determined. Guidelines for constructing a WGRH panel are proposed.
We have sequenced a 42,500 bp stretch located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between... more We have sequenced a 42,500 bp stretch located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the genes MET3 and CDC8. This stretch contains 24 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Ten of these correspond to previously published sequences, whereas of the 14 remaining ORFs, only one, GTD892, has significant similarity to proteins from yeast or other organisms. It may belong to the family of ubiquitin–protein ligases and be involved in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. In addition, three tRNA genes were recognized, two of which had not been hitherto localized. The sequence has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Data Base under Accession Number L36344.
We report here the construction of a complete physical map of the chromosome X of yeast Saccharom... more We report here the construction of a complete physical map of the chromosome X of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fragments resulting from partial Sau3AI digestion of DNA from a diploid strain derived from S288C were ligated to linearized pWE15, a cosmid vector with T3 and T7 promoters. Another library, made in the cosmid vector pOU61 cos, that lacks T3 and T7 promoters, was also used as a source of target clones. Chromosome-X-specific clones were sorted out by hybridization with radiolabelled pulse-field-gel-purified chromosome X as a probe. Then, 254 cosmids were ordered by walking from one to another by hybridization with end-specific T3 or T7 RNA transcripts as probes. The construction was put to the test by hybridization with a battery of chromosome X gene markers, that showed that the physical map and the genetic map were colinear. The validity of the contig was further strengthened by the results of chromosome nested fractionation with meganuclease I-SceI. An EcoRI restriction map of the contig enabled further verification and measurement of the total length of the contig, that was found to be approximately 700 kb in size. In addition to providing a base for the ongoing yeast genome sequencing project, the physical map can be used to map any sequence belonging to chromosome X.
The complete nucleotide sequence of the 3877-bp segment spanning the 3' region of intron-... more The complete nucleotide sequence of the 3877-bp segment spanning the 3' region of intron-6 to the 5' region of intron-9 of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-encoding ten-exon gene, LPL, is reported. An Alu repeat present in intron-7 was found by sequence analysis to belong to the 40-55-million-year-old Alu-Se subclass.
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of class I endogenous type-C virus induced by iododeoxyuridin... more Isoelectric focusing (IEF) analysis of class I endogenous type-C virus induced by iododeoxyuridine treatment of BALB/K-3T3 cells revealed, in addition to the major variant of the p30 polypeptide, which has an isoelectric point of 6.1 (pI 6.1 isop30), a minor isop30 with a pI of 5.6. This value was also found for a prototype BALB/c B-tropic endogenous virus isolate. The pI 5.6 isop30 of the N-tropic isolate was amplified by long-term virus replication in B-type mouse cells, and comparative IEF and XC-assay data suggest that it may correspond to a B-tropic subpopulation which has not yet been detected in vitro in mouse cells of embryonic origin.
Hybrid cell lines were prepared by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with the spleen cells of Wis... more Hybrid cell lines were prepared by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with the spleen cells of Wistar-Furth rats that had been immunized with a Moloney sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV)-induced tumour, MFU. Two immunization protocols were designed. In the first, the animals received several injections of irradiated (10 000 rad) cells of a tumour cell line established in vitro, MFU-67. The rats received a booster injection 3 days prior to fusion. In the second protocol, immunization was the result of simple tumour growth, and no booster was given. Hybrids were tested by immunofluorescence for the production of immunoglobulins reacting with mouse cells acutely infected with Mo-MuSV. Over 20% of reactive hybrids were observed in the tumour growth protocol, and about 10% in the irradiated cell protocol when the last injection of the series was given 2 weeks before fusion. After 6 months, the proportion fell to 3%. Hybrid lines producing antibody to p30, the major core polypeptide of murine retroviruses, were obtained by cloning. Three of these were selected for closer study and were found to recognize three non-overlapping epitopes on p30. By direct and competitive binding in ELISA tests, the three epitopes were found to have very different distribution patterns among the various strains and isolates of murine retroviruses.
The group-specific (GS) antigen of murine tumor viruses was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in... more The group-specific (GS) antigen of murine tumor viruses was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in mouse cells recently infected by mouse sarcoma virus, strain Moloney (MSV-M), with the serum of rats carrying long-transplanted MSV-M tumors. GS antigen was detected 15 h post-infection and was also present in various mouse and rat cell lines chronically infected with murine tumor viruses. The antigen was strictly localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells and was also found in mouse and rat cells chronically infected by members of the two major subgroups of murine tumor viruses. Further, the sera employed were shown to contain exclusively GS antibodies and the tumors used for immunization were found by several techniques to be free of virus envelope (V) antigens after a given number of passages in vivo. V antigens were visible only at the cell membrane and the time course of appearance of both GS and V antigens in recently infected cells was parallel. In contrast, GS antigen was not observed in two hamster tumor lines transformed by MSV-M.Etude du Virus du Sarcome Murin: II. Detection des Antigpnes Specifiques de Groupe par ImmunofluorescenceL'antigène spécifique de groupe (gs) des tumeurs murines a été mis en évidence par immunofluorescence dans des cellules de souris récemment infectées par le virus du sarcome murin, souche Moloney (VSM-M), au moyen de sérum de rats porteurs de tumeurs à VSM-M plusieurs fois transplantées. l'antigène gs a été décelé 15 heures après l'infection; il était également présent dans diverses lignées cellulaires de rats et de souris chroniquement infectées par les virus des tumeurs murines. l'antigène était strictement localisé et n'apparaissait que dans le cytoplasme des cellules infectées; il a aussi été décelé dans les cellules de rat et de souris chroniquement infectées par des virus appartenant aux deux principaux sous-groupes des virus des tumeurs murines. En outre, on a constaté que les sérums utilisés contenaient exclusivement les anticorps gs; diverses techniques ont montré que les tumeurs employées pour l'immunisation ne contenaient plus d'antigènes (V) à enveloppe virale après un certain nombre de passages in vivo. Les antigènes V n'étaient visibles que sur la membrane cellulaire et le temps nécessaire à l'apparition des antigènes gs et V dans les cellules récemment infectées était du měme ordre. Par contre, l'antigène gsn'a pas été observé dans deux souches tumorales de hamster transformées par le VSM-M.
The antigenicity of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) transformed mouse, rat and hamster cells has been ... more The antigenicity of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) transformed mouse, rat and hamster cells has been studied by several techniques designed to detect surface antigens. Antigens were readily demonstrated on neoplastic mouse and rat cells. There was complete cross-reactivity between cells induced by the Harvey (MSV-H) or Moloney (MSV-M) strains of MSV and by Moloney Leukemia Virus (MLV). No evidence of a distinct or separate „MSV-non-MLV” antigen could be obtained by cross absorptions of MSV/MLV antisera and cells, or by tests designed to break MLV tolerance. Such results favor the view that MSV and MLV are closely related entities.With the 8303 line of MSV-M transformed hamster cells serological tests revealed little if any reactivity with strongly positive mouse anti-MSV/MLV antisera. In one test, however, immunization of mice with these cells gave some degree of protection against syngeneic MSV sarcoma.
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 1989
The human lipoprotein lipase gene was cloned and characterized. It is composed of 10 exons spanni... more The human lipoprotein lipase gene was cloned and characterized. It is composed of 10 exons spanning ≈ 30 kilobases. The first exon encodes the 5'-untranslated region, the signal peptide plus the first two amino acids of the mature protein. The next eight exons encode the remaining 446 amino acids, and the tenth exon encodes the long 3'-untranslated region of 1948 nucleotides. The lipoprotein lipase transcription start site and the sequence of the 5'-flanking region were also determined. We compared the organization of genes for lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, pancreatic lipase, and Drosophila yolk protein 1, which are members of a family of related genes. A model for the evolution of the lipase gene family is presented that involves multiple rounds of gene duplication plus exon-shuffling and intron-loss events.
The COR region, a gene cluster located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and including ... more The COR region, a gene cluster located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and including genes CYC1, UTR1, UTR3, OSM1, tRNAGly and RAD7, was sequenced within the framework of the European Union genome systematic sequencing project. It was compared with previously published sequences to be found in GenBank under the acronym YSCCORA. While some of the discrepancies observed can be readily ascribed to polymorphism, others most probably result from sequencing errors. A revised version of the sequence of the COR cluster is given. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL Data Library under Accession Number L26347.
A dog whole-genome radiation hybrid (WGRH) panel including 126 clones was constructed by fusing d... more A dog whole-genome radiation hybrid (WGRH) panel including 126 clones was constructed by fusing dog fibroblasts irradiated at 5000 rads with thymidine kinase-deficient hamster cells. The average retention frequency of the panel designated as RHDF5000 is 21%, and its resolution power is estimated at 600 kb. The data provided by typing 400 markers were used to estimate linkage power changes subsequent to panel reduction. These changes were analyzed by recomputing typing data from five reduced panels. From these simulations, the parameters allowing investigation of the evolution of the linkage power in the course of panel reduction were determined. Guidelines for constructing a WGRH panel are proposed.
We have sequenced a 42,500 bp stretch located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between... more We have sequenced a 42,500 bp stretch located on chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the genes MET3 and CDC8. This stretch contains 24 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 amino acids. Ten of these correspond to previously published sequences, whereas of the 14 remaining ORFs, only one, GTD892, has significant similarity to proteins from yeast or other organisms. It may belong to the family of ubiquitin–protein ligases and be involved in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. In addition, three tRNA genes were recognized, two of which had not been hitherto localized. The sequence has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Data Base under Accession Number L36344.
L'onomastique latine dans l'épigraphie grecque : problèmes d'adaptation, systématisation de la tr... more L'onomastique latine dans l'épigraphie grecque : problèmes d'adaptation, systématisation de la transcription, étude linguistique Jean-Claude Chuat EPHE, IV e Section, Paris 15 octobre 2015 Dès le III e siècle avant notre ère, on voit apparaître dans les inscriptions de diverses contrées du monde hellénophone un certain nombre d'Italiens de langue latine, tant citoyens romains que pérégrins, originaires de la Péninsule comme de Grande-Grèce ou de Sicile. Il pouvait s'agir de visiteurs attirés par un site religieux, plus rarement de travailleurs isolés, le plus souvent d'hommes d'affairesnégociants, ou trafiquants selon la désignation souvent reprise de Jean Hatzfeld, un des premiers à s'intéresser à ces migrations. Ils s'installèrent en terre grecque et dans certains cas y fondèrent des communautés importantes. Enfin, des Romains de statut officiel, s'y déplaçant ou y résidant dans le cadre de leurs fonctions, sont aussi régulièrement mentionnés.
L'onomastique latine dans l'épigraphie grecque : problèmes d'adaptation, systématisation de la tr... more L'onomastique latine dans l'épigraphie grecque : problèmes d'adaptation, systématisation de la transcription, étude linguistique Jean-Claude Chuat EPHE, IV e Section, Paris 15 octobre 2015 Dès le III e siècle avant notre ère, on voit apparaître dans les inscriptions de diverses contrées du monde hellénophone un certain nombre d'Italiens de langue latine, tant citoyens romains que pérégrins, originaires de la Péninsule comme de Grande-Grèce ou de Sicile. Il pouvait s'agir de visiteurs attirés par un site religieux, plus rarement de travailleurs isolés, le plus souvent d'hommes d'affairesnégociants, ou trafiquants selon la désignation souvent reprise de Jean Hatzfeld, un des premiers à s'intéresser à ces migrations. Ils s'installèrent en terre grecque et dans certains cas y fondèrent des communautés importantes. Enfin, des Romains de statut officiel, s'y déplaçant ou y résidant dans le cadre de leurs fonctions, sont aussi régulièrement mentionnés.
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