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Dora Cole Norman

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Dora Cole Norman
mmádu
ụdịekerenwanyị Dezie
mba o sịNjikota Obodo Amerika Dezie
nwanneBob Cole Dezie
Asụsụ obodoBekee Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọWadleigh High School for Girls Dezie
ụdị egwuregwuBasketball, tennis Dezie

Dora Cole Norman (1888 - 1939) bụ onye nkuzi, onye na-agba egwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye egwuregwu. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ, ọ gbara bọọlụ basketball maka otu n'ime otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị mbụ nke Africa-America, ụmụ nwanyị New York . Ọ kụziri maka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọha na New York na ọ bụ onye nchoputa-onye nduzi nke ndị egwuregwu agba agba na Harlem YWCA . [1] Ọ rụkọrọ ọrụ na WEB Dubois na mmepụta 1913 nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ya Star nke Etiopia, ma nye Paul Robeson ọrụ mbụ ya na mmalite 1920s.

Ndụ

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Dora Cole bụ ada Robert Allen Cole, Sr., onye ọkwá nkà, na Isabella Thomas Weldon, di na nwunye America-America bụ ndị biri na Athens, Georgia mgbe nnwere onwe ma mesịa kwaga Atlanta . Nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye bụ Bob Cole, onye isi na ihe nkiri egwu ojii, a nyekwara ezinụlọ niile ụfọdụ nkuzi egwu. [2] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Wadleigh maka ụmụ nwanyị . [3] Ka ọ na-erule 1904 ọ mere WEB DuBois enyi, bụ onye degara ya otu mkpụrụ obi nke ndị ojii . [4]

Ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Carrie, Dora Cole gbara bọọlụ bọọlụ maka New York Girls na Harlem . E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1909 dị ka onye enyemaka nwanyị nke Alfa Physical Culture Club, [3] klọb egwuregwu ojii mbụ nke America. [5] N'ime oge abụọ mbụ ya, 1909-10 na 1910-11, ndị otu New York Girls meriri egwuregwu ya niile na asọmpi New York-New Jersey, gụnyere egwuregwu ya megide ndị na-asọ mpi Spartan Girls . Dora gbara egwu etiti, nwanne ya nwanyị Carrie bụ otu n'ime ndị na-aga n'ihu. [3] N'ọnwa Febụwarị 1910 otu ahụ gbara Jersey Girls, na egwuregwu mbụ edekọtara n'etiti otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-ahazi onwe ha. Cole bụ onyeisi n'akụkụ ya, akwụkwọ akụkọ na-etokwa ọrụ otu ya. [6] O mechara lụọ Conrad Norman (1883-1986), otu n'ime ndị hiwere Alfa Club's Jamaican, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nkuzi ụmụ nwanyị New York. [5] Mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ ọ gbakwara tennis n'ọkwa dị elu, rute nọmba 6 na ọkwa 1921 American Tenis Association . [7]

Cole rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na New York. [8] N'afọ 1913, ọ bụ onye nduzi nke ịgba egwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke DuBois Star nke Etiopia . [9] [10] Charles Burroughs na-eduzi ya, ya na Daisy Tapley na-enyere aka na egwu ahụ, ihe nkiri ahụ gụnyere ihe nkedo nke ihe karịrị 300 na-eme ihe nkiri. [11] Na 1919 DuBois jụrụ ma ọ nwere ike inye aka meghachi omume na Columbus, Ohio . [12]

Dị ka Oriakụ Dora Cole Norman, ọ kụziiri ịgba egwu na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music Settlement for Colored People na Harlem, [8] tọrọ ntọala na 1911 site na onye na-eme violin Polish-American David Mannes dị ka Harlem kwekọrọ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Music nke Atọ Street . Okwu nkuzi Norman nke 1914 na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwu ka akpọsara na New York Age .

N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, o nyeere aka na-edu Circle For Negro War Relief, bụ nke kwadoro ọdịmma mmụọ nke ndị agha America America ma nyere ha na ezinụlọ ha aka. [1] N'afọ 1915, a mụrụ nwa ya nwanyị Doretta. [13]

Dora Cole Norman bụ enyi Paul Robeson, mgbe ahụ bụ nwa akwụkwọ iwu na-achọsi ike, [14] na na 1920 mere ka ọ mee ihe n'ime ìgwè ojii ya niile, ndị egwuregwu Amateur. [15] Robeson rụrụ onye ndu na egwuregwu Ridgely Torrence Simon the Cyrenian na Harlem YMCA . [14] N'afọ ahụ, o nyekwara otu egwuregwu na olu mmalite nke Akwụkwọ Brownies, akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ụmụaka nke DuBois na AG Dill bipụtara. [16]

Ya na DuBois na NAACP James Weldon Johnson, ọ jere ozi na kọmitii onye isi nke America Making, ngosi ngosi New York emere na Ọktoba–November 1921 iji mee mmemme mbata na mba America. [17]

Na Maachị 1921 ọ rụrụ na nkwado nke ihe ngosi mgbatị ahụ kwa afọ nke Mahadum Hampton . Ọ gbara egwu ntụgharị okwu "oke mmụọ na nke siri ike" nye Melville Charlton 's Poem Erotique, yana egwu "dị egwu dị egwu" na ọnụọgụ mbụ nke Samuel Coleridge-Taylor 's Scenes sitere na Ballet Imaginary . [18]

Na 1926 o were ezumike otu afọ na New York Public School System ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka ọkachamara dị egwu na Playground and Recreational Association of America . [19] O dere ma na-eduzi Onyinye Loyalty's Gift, ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egwu egwu na egwu egwu. [20] Na 12 Julaị 1926 ihe nkedo Black-Black, gụnyere ndị na-abụ abụ 800, rụrụ Onyinye Loyalty's Gift nye ndị na-ege ntị n'agụrụ agwakọta nke karịrị mmadụ 8,000 dịka akụkụ nke ihe ngosi Sesquicentennial na Philadelphia . [19] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na kọmitii onye isi nke Pan-African Congress nke anọ, nke e mere na New York City na 1927. [21]

Ada Cole Doretta nwụrụ na June 1938. [22] [23] Cole n'onwe ya nwụrụ otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1939.

Ejije

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  • Niche . Agba Player Guild, New York.

Ntụaka

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Isabella Thomas Weldon, di na nwunye America-America bụ ndị biri na Athens, Georgia mgbe nnwere onwe ma mesịa kwagaegwuregwu na olu mmalite nke Akwụkwọ Brownies, akwụkwọ akụkọ maka ụmụaka nke DuBoisJulaị 1926 ihe nkedo Black-Black, gụnyere ndị na-abụ abụ 800, rụrụ Onyinye Loyalty's Gift nye

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dora Cole Norman. Women and the Vote NYS. Retrieved on June 14, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WVNYS" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Thomas L. Riis (1985). 'Bob' Cole: His Life and His Legacy to Black Musical Theater. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wednesday Open Thread: Early African American Basketball II (January 13, 2016). Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "PragObots" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Printed & Manuscript African Americana: Sale 2308 - Lot 298 (March 21, 2013).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Obscure Stars. blackfives.org.
  6. ↑ Claude Johnson (2022). The Black Fives: The Epic Story of Basketball's Forgotten Era. Abrams. ISBN 9781683359081. 
  7. ↑ National and Sectional Rankings. Retrieved on June 14, 2023.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Anne Key Simpson (1990). Hard Trials: The Life and Music of Harry T. Burleigh.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Simpson" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ (1915) "The Star of Ethiopia". The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races 10 (6). 
  10. ↑ (1916) "The Drama Among Black Folk". The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races 12 (4): 169–173. 
  11. ↑ Mabel O. Wilson (28 May 2012). Negro Building: Black Americans in the World of Fairs and Museums. ISBN 9780520268425. 
  12. ↑ W. E. B. DuBois (April 17, 1919). Letter from W. E. B. Du Bois to Dora Cole Norman. Retrieved on June 14, 2023.
  13. ↑ Eugenia Doretta Cole Norman. Ancestry.com. Retrieved on June 14, 2023.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Scott Allen Nollen (2014). Paul Robeson: Film Pioneer. McFarland, 9–10. ISBN 9780786457472. 
  15. ↑ (February 2005) in Gerard D. Jaynes: Encyclopedia of African American Society. ISBN 9781452265414. 
  16. ↑ Dora Cole Norman (1920). "Playtime: "All in the Family." A Game". The Brownies Book 1 (1): 90–91. 
  17. ↑ Mabel O. Wilson (9 February 2021). Negro Building: Black Americans in the World of Fairs and Museums. ISBN 9780520383074. 
  18. ↑ R. Nathaniel Dett (April 15, 1921). "Fourth Annual Gymnasium Demonstration". The Hampton Student 11 (3): 12–13. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Sesquicentenial Features", Southern Workman, August 1926, p. 384.
  20. ↑ Dora Cole Norman (1926). Loyalty's Gift: A Negro Pageant in Five Acts and Eight Scenes. 
  21. ↑ DOCUMENT: Resolutions Passed by the Fourth Pan-African Congress, New York City, 1927 (en). Black Agenda Report (2022-06-01). Retrieved on 2023-05-23.
  22. ↑ Dora Cole Norman. Funeral notice for Doretta Cole Norman. Retrieved on June 14, 2023.
  23. ↑ W. E. B. DuBois (October 13, 1938). Letter from W. E. B. Du Bois to Dora Cole Norman. Retrieved on June 14, 2023.
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