Ihe ubi

UbiọkanaRantasalmi, South Savonia,Finland
Owuwe ihe ubi nke Rye na Gotland,Sweden, 1900-1910.
Owuwe ihe ubi naPoland, 1938 (AgfacolorỌpụpụ ọzọ
Owuwe ihe ubi osikapa na Alginet, Ala Valencia, 1953.
Onye na-ewe ihe ubi shuga. Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Owuwe ihe ubi bụ usoro ịchịkọta ihe ọkụkụ, anụmanụ, ma ọ bụ azụ (yana fungi) dị ka nri, [1] karịsịa usoro ịchịkọta ihe ọkụkụ tozuru okè, na "owuwe ihe ubi" na-ezokwa aka n'ihe ọkụkụ anakọtara. Iwe ihe ubi bụ igbutu ọka ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi maka owuwe ihe ubi, na-ejikarị scythe, sickle, ma ọ bụ onye na-ewe ihe ubi.[2] N'ime obere ugbo nwere obere igwe eji arụ ọrụ, owuwe ihe ubi bụ ọrụ kacha arụsi ọrụ ike n'oge uto. N'ugbo ndị mechanized buru ibu, owuwe ihe ubi na-eji ígwè ọrụ ugbo, dị ka ihe na-ewe ihe ubi. Akpaaka abawanyela arụmọrụ nke usoro mkpụrụ na iwe ihe ubi. Ngwa owuwe ihe ubi pụrụ iche, na-eji eriri ebufe maka ijide nwayọ nwayọ na mbugharị oke, na-edochi ọrụ ntuziaka nke iji aka wepụ mkpụrụ osisi ọ bụla.[3] Okwu a bụ "owuwe ihe ubi" n'ozuzu ojiji nwere ike ịgụnye njikwa ihe ubi ozugbo, gụnyere ihicha, nhazi, mbukota, na oyi.

Emecha nke owuwe ihe ubi na-egosi njedebe nke oge na-eto eto, ma ọ bụ oge na-eto eto maka otu ihe ọkụkụ, na mkpa ọha na eze dị na ihe omume a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-elekwasị anya n'ememe oge dị ka ememe owuwe ihe ubi, nke a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ omenala na okpukpe.

Okwu mmalite

"Owuwe Ihe ubi", aha, sitere na okwu Old English hærf-est (nke e mepụtara tupu ndị Angeln esi na Angeln kwaga Britain) nke pụtara "oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ" (oge), "oge owuwe ihe ubi" ma ọ bụ "Ọgọst".^[1] (Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-apụta "oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ" n'asụsụ ndị Britain, na "oge nchịkọta ihe ọkụkụ" n'ozuzu.) "Owuwe ihe ubi" pụtakwara ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi, nchịkọta, na ịchekwa ọka na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ a na-akụ n'oge mgbụsị Akwụkwọ, yana ọka na ngwaahịawwan ndị ọzọ a kụrụ n'onwe ha. "owuwe ihe ubi" pụtakwara: "Owu ihe ubi" pụtara ịghọrọ, chịkọta, ma chekwaa ihe ubi (ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ). Ndị na-ewe ihe ubi na ngwá ọrụ ndị na-ewepụta ihe bụ ndị na-eme ihe ubi; ka ha na-eme ya, ha na-ewe mkpụrụ osisi.

Ọdịda nke ihe ọkụkụ

Ọdịda nke ihe ọkụkụ (nke a makwaara dị ka ọdịda nke owuwe ihe ubi) bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-adịghị ma ọ bụ nke na-ebelata nke ukwuu karịa ihe a tụrụ anya ya, nke a na-emebi, na-egbu, ma ọ bụ na-ebibi, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-emetụta n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na ha anaghị emepụta mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ, ma ọbụ akwụkwọ n'ụba ha tụrụ anya ya.

Ọdịda nke ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike mbuze site na ọdachi dị ka ntiwapụ nke ọrịa osisi (dị ka Nnukwu Ụnwụ na Ireland), Mgbawa ugwu (dị ka Afọ Na-enweghị Oge Ọchịchị), nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, oké ifufe, idei mmiri, ma ọ bụ ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị ngwa, Mmetụta ala-agbakọta ọnụ nke mmebi ala, oke nnu, erosion, ọzara, na-abụkarị n'ihi nsị mmiri, ịdọrọ mmiri gabigara ókè (maka ịgba mmiri), ma ọ bụ oke mmiri gabighị oke.

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọdịda ihe ọkụkụ na ụnwụ nri ndị sochirinụ emeela ka mmadụ kwaga, Ọpụpụ ime obodo, wdg.

Mmụba nke monocultures nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na mbelata ha na ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na ịdabere na ojiji siri ike nke fatịlaịza na ọgwụ ahụhụ, emeela ka ala a na-egbubiga ihe ókè nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara imelite. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, ọrụ ugbo na-adịghị adịgide adịgide na-emebi uto ala ma belata ihe ọkụkụ. Site na mmụba na-arịwanye elu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'ụwa na mmụkọta nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ, ọbụlagodi na-ebelata obere ihe ubi adịlarị ka ọdịda owuwe ihe ubi. Ndị na-eme ka nri na-emebi mkpa maka ime ka ala dịghachi ọhụrụ na mbụ, na Azụmaahịa mba ụwa na-egbochi ọdịda ihe ọkụkụ dị n'ógbè ahụ ịghọ ụnwụ nri.

Ojiji ndị ọzọ

Owuwe ihe ubi na-ezo aka na ọka na mmepụta, mana o nwekwara ihe ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme ihe: ịkụ azụ na igbu osisi a na-akpọkwa owuwe ihe ubi. A na-ejikwa okwu owuwe ihe ubi na-ezo aka n'iwe mkpụrụ vaịn maka mmanya. Owuwe ihe ubi n'ọhịa na-ezo aka na nchịkọta nke osisi na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-eri eri nke a na-akụbeghị.^[2] N'ime ihe gbasara ịgba mmiri, owuwe ihe ubi mmiri na-ezo aka na nchịkọta na ịgbapụta mmiri ozuzo maka ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ. Kama owuwe ihe ubi, a na-ejikwa okwu exploit, dịka na igbu azụ ma ọ bụ ihe onwunwe mmiri. Nchịkọta ike bụ usoro nke ijide na ichekwa ike (dị ka ike anyanwụ, ike okpomọkụ, Ike ifufe, gradients salinity, na Ike kinetic) nke na-agaghị eme ihe. Nchịkọta ozu, ma ọ bụ owuwe ihe ubi ozu, bụ usoro nke ịnakọta na ịkwadebe ozu maka ọmụmụ anatomical. N'echiche yiri nke ahụ, owuwe ihe ubi nke akụkụ ahụ bụ iwepụ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ site na onye nyere onyinye maka ebumnuche nke transplantation.

N'echiche na-abụghị nke ọrụ ugbo, okwu ahụ bụ "iwepụta ihe" bụ ụkpụrụ akụ na ụba nke a maara dị ka ihe omume ọpụpụ ma ọ bụ ihe omume ego. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ma ọ bụ azụmaahịa ga-enweta ego site na ọnọdụ onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ wepụ itinye ego ha na ngwaahịa, a maara ya dị ka usoro owuwe ihe ubi.^[3]

Canada

Owuwe ihe ubi ma ọ bụ Owuwe Ihe ubi n'Ụlọ na Canada na-ezo aka na ịchụ nta, igbu azụ, na nchịkọta osisi site na Mba Mbụ, Métis, Ndị Inuit na mkparịta ụka banyere ikike ndị Aborigine ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, "Owuwe ihe ubi pụtara ịnakọta, ịchụ nta, ịchụpụ ma ọ bụ igbu azụ ...".^[4] N aka ahụ, na "-link" data-linkid="122" href="./Tłı̨chǫ" id="mwlA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tłı̨chǫ">Tlicho Land Claim and Self Government Agreement, "'Owuwe ihe ubi' pụtara, n'ihe gbasara anụ ọhịa, ịchụ nta, ịchụpụ ma ọ bụ igbu azụ na, n'ụzọ metụtara osisi ma ọ bụ osisi, ịnakọta ma ọ bụ igbutu".^[5]

Ihe ngosi

Owuwe ihe ubiọkaubi naRantasalmi,Ndịda Savonia,Finland
Owuwe ihe ubi na Gotland,Sweden, 1900–1910.
Owuwe ihe ubi naPoland, 1938 (AgfacolorỌpụpụ ọzọ
Owuwe ihe ubiosikapan'imeAlginet,Ala Valencia, 1953.
Beet shugaonye na-ewe ihe ubi Baden-Württemberg,Germany.

Hụkwa

Onye na-ewe ihe ubi
Owuwe ihe ubi (vine)
Ememme owuwe ihe ubi
Ịkụbiga ihe ókè
Ịkụchasị
Ịgba Ọsọ Ndụ

Ebem si dee

↑ Proceedings of the Philological Society, vol. 5, p. 207.
↑ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Impact of Cultivation and Gathering of Medicinal Plants on Biodiversity: Global Trends and Issues: Appendix 1, Table 7, October 2002, accessed 29 January 2024
↑ Staff. "Harvest Strategy", Investopedia, 2011-01-09. Retrieved on 2017-08-23. (in en-US)
↑ Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada website. Archived from the original on 2004-05-29.
↑ Tlicho Agreemen. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada website. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved on 2012-03-19.

[1] Proceedings of the Philological Society, vol. 5, p. 207.

[2] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Impact of Cultivation and Gathering of Medicinal Plants on Biodiversity: Global Trends and Issues: Appendix 1, Table 7, October 2002, accessed 29 January 2024

[3] Staff. "Harvest Strategy", Investopedia, 2011-01-09. Retrieved on 2017-08-23. (in en-US)

[4] Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada website. Archived from the original on 2004-05-29.

[5] Tlicho Agreemen. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada website. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved on 2012-03-19.

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