Muhammad Jawad

Dysnatremias (hyponatremia and hypernatremia) are common electrolytedisorders encountered in pediatric critical care patients. The spectrum of both hypo- andhypernatremia varies from mild to severe, being life threatening occasionally. We carried outa study to determine the etiology, epidemiology and effect of dysnatremias on outcomes ofpediatric critical care patients. Objectives: To determine the etiology, epidemiology and effectof dysnatremias on outcomes of pediatric critical care patients. Study Design: Prospective,observational study. Setting: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Services Hospital Lahore.Period: October 2014 to March 2015. Results: 185 patients were included. 19 (10.3%) patientshad hyponatremia and 22 (11.9%) patients had hypernatremia. A weak but significant inverserelationship between presentation serum sodium and mortality was observed (r = - 0.39,n=185, p= <0.001, two-tailed). Conclusions: Presentation serum sodium may influence theoutcomes of the pati...

In this research work, our goal is to scrutinize the case, where water-based nanofluids having single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) flow through a vertical cone. The second law of thermodynamic is taken for the aim of scheming effective heat storage units. The body package is layered in convective heat and diluted permeable medium. The effects of Joule heating, rotary microorganisms, heat generation/absorption, chemical reactions, and heat radiation increase the novelty of the established model. By using a local similarity transformation technique, the partial differential equations (PDEs) change into a coupled differential equation. By using the numerical technique, bvp4c, to get the solution of the conservation equations and their relevant boundary conditions. The parameters appearing in the distribution analysis of the alliance are scrutinized in detail, and the consequences are depicted graphically. It can be perceived that in the situation of composed nanotubes, t...

Power system planning in numerous electric utilities merely relies on the conventional statistical methodologies, such as ARIMA for short-term electrical load forecasting, which is incapable of determining the non-linearities induced by the non-linear seasonal data, which affect the electrical load. This research work presents a comprehensive overview of modern linear and non-linear parametric modeling techniques for short-term electrical load forecasting to ensure stable and reliable power system operations by mitigating non-linearities in electrical load data. Based on the findings of exploratory data analysis, the temporal and climatic factors are identified as the potential input features in these modeling techniques. The real-time electrical load and meteorological data of the city of Lahore in Pakistan are considered to analyze the reliability of different state-of-the-art linear and non-linear parametric methodologies. Based on performance indices, such as Root Mean Square Er...

In the current work, the unsteady thermal flow of Maxwell power-law nanofluid with Welan gum solution on a stretching surface has been considered. The flow is also exposed to Joule heating and magnetic effects. The Marangoni convection equation is also proposed for current investigation in light of the constitutive equations for the Maxwell power law model. For non-dimensionalization, a group of similar variables has been employed to obtain a set of ordinary differential equations. This set of dimensionless equations is then solved with the help of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). It has been established in this work that, the effects of momentum relaxation time upon the thickness of the film is quite obvious in comparison to heat relaxation time. It is also noticed in this work that improvement in the Marangoni convection process leads to a decline in the thickness of the fluid’s film.

The concept of hybrid high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) grid systems brings a massive advantage to reduce AC line loading, increased utilization of network infrastructure, and lower operational costs. However, it comes with issues, such as integration challenges, control strategies, optimization control, and security. The combined objectives in hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids are to achieve the fast regulation of DC voltage and frequency, optimal power flow, and stable operation during normal and abnormal conditions. The rise in hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids and associated issues are reviewed in this study along with state-of-the-art literature and developments that focus on modeling robust droop control, load frequency control, and DC voltage regulation techniques. The definitions, characteristics, and classifications of key issues are introduced. The paper summaries the key insights of hybrid HVAC–HVDC grids, current developments, and future research d...

Purpose of the study: This study pursues to find the gap between prudently programmed pure academics in the university and student's societal persona, a result of impulsive learning and informal socializing. This is piloted to justify the need for properly designed informal socializing spaces by comparing actual and proposed spaces at the university campus. Methodology: A mixed-method strategy is adopted to conduct this research; the theoretical basis is formulated by available literature, and a detailed precedent study is carried out to establish programmatic assumptions in the light of contemporary handling of a similar subject. Visual survey and spatial analysis of building spaces in relationship with human behaviour are performed to analyse preferences of multiple users. Main Findings: The research culminates in a set of propositions put forth to initiate a purpose-built space that can informally regulate and enhance the social experience in existing academia through spatial...

The emissions from coal power plants have serious implication on the environment protection, and there is an increasing effort around the globe to control these emissions by the flue gas cleaning technologies. This research was carried out on the limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system installed at the 2*660 MW supercritical coal-fired power plant. Nine input variables of the FGD system: pH, inlet sulfur dioxide (SO2), inlet temperature, inlet nitrogen oxide (NOx), inlet O2, oxidation air, absorber slurry density, inlet humidity, and inlet dust were used for the development of effective neural network process models for a comprehensive emission analysis constituting outlet SO2, outlet Hg, outlet NOx, and outlet dust emissions from the LSFO FGD system. Monte Carlo experiments were conducted on the artificial neural network process models to investigate the relationships between the input control variables and output variables. Accordingly, optimum oper...

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an imaging technique used in analytical chemistry to study the molecular distribution of various compounds at a micro-scale level. For each pixel, MSI stores a mass spectrum obtained by measuring signal intensities of thousands of mass-to-charge ratios (m/z-ratios), each linked to an individual molecular ion species. Traditional analysis tools focus on few individual m/z-ratios, which neglects most of the data. Recently, clustering methods of the spectral information have emerged, but faithful detection of all relevant image regions is not always possible. We propose an interactive visual analysis approach that considers all available information in coordinated views of image and spectral space visualizations, where the spectral space is treated as a multi-dimensional space. We use non-linear embeddings of the spectral information to interactively define clusters and respective image regions. Of particular interest is, then, which of the molecular ...

This study investigates the current account deficit (CAD) of Turkey from the perspective of its capital account. We discuss how global liquidity conditions and monetary policies in Turkey have contributed to higher deficits through real exchange rate appreciations. We analyze the impact and consequences of exchange rate (ER) changes on the investments of non-financial firms. In the case of real ER depreciations, we find that the magnitude of the contractionary effect through balance sheets of firms with dollarized liabilities is significantly higher than the expansionary effect through trade competitiveness. We also analyze the " soft-landing " policies aimed at reducing the CAD in Turkey and estimate the rate of economic growth that must be foregone for a percentage reduction in CAD. Turkey has registered remarkable economic growth over the last decade, except for some setbacks in 2009 and 2014. However, persistent and large current account deficit (CAD) of the country casts shadow on the sustainability of this growth. Turkey's reliance on foreign short-term capital inflows to finance its CAD makes its economy vulnerable to external shocks and global financial conditions. Issues with external exposure have had troublesome patterns in the recent history of many emerging markets (EMs). A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the analysis of the current account from the perspectives of the trade balance (Kalyoncu 2005; Kayıkçı 2012; Özata 2014; Özlale and Pekkurnaz 2010). Mostly, such research places major emphasis on structural problems such as a low level of value added, energy import dependency and a lack of competitiveness of the country in question. However, very little has been done in the investigation of the capital account 1 , which is " the other side of the coin " with respect to the current account. Starting from the early 2000s, the world has been undergoing high global liquidity (GL hereafter) conditions. Shin (2013) distinguished two phases of GL. The first is the 2003–2008 phase, which had the global banking system at the center. Global banking had a dominant role in facilitating the transmission of looser financial conditions across borders through the acceleration of banking sector capital flows. The second phase started around 2010 and the main stage has been the bond market, especially the market for emerging market debt securities that are open to international investors. These liquidity conditions coincided with favorable economic conditions in emerging markets. Indeed, Turkey is one of these emerging countries, which has significantly improved its macroeconomic stability by implementing a new set of economic policies and intensive structural reforms starting from the 2000s (Yörükoğlu and Çufadar 2008). Moreover, Bernanke (2005) explained that the world " saving glut " can be one of the reasons of increased cross-border supply of capital. He stated that high levels of global savings in mature industrial economies as well as in developing economies with high foreign exchange reserve accumulations have been flowing into other countries which

Friction and wear are very crucial aspects of the performance, service life, and the operational costs for a mechanical component or equipment. To reduce the friction and wear at the interface of the sliding or mating parts, different conventional binary coatings like TiN, CrN, TiC, etc., have been used in the last two decades. But ternary nitride coatings have replaced the binary coatings due to better tribo-mechanical properties. Now, ternary nitride coatings are being extensively used in several fields such as cutting tools, machinery parts, orthopedic implants, microelectronics, marine equipment, decorative purposes, automotive, aerospace industry, etc. Many researchers have developed and investigated the ternary nitride coatings for different applications. Nonetheless, there is a huge research potential in the development and optimization of the tribo-mechanical properties of the ternary nitride coatings. Therefore, tribo-mechanical studies of the ternary nitride coatings are n...

This research paper investigates two dimensional liquid film flow of Sisko nanofluid with variable heat transmission over an unsteady stretching sheet in the existence of uniform magnetic field. The basic governing time-dependent equations of the nanofluid flow phenomena with Sisko fluid are modeled and reduced to a system of differential equations with use of similarity transformation. The significant influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis has been taken in the nanofluids model. An optimal approach is used to obtain the solution of the modeled problems. The convergence of the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) method has been shown numerically. The variation of the skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number, their influence on liquid film flow with heat and mass transfer have been examined. The influence of the unsteadiness parameter [Formula: see text] over thin film is explored analytically for different values. Moreover for comprehension, the physical presentation of...

The surface coating is one of the novel approaches to enhance the performance and durability of the mechanical components by decreasing the wear and friction among two interacting bodies. In this study, tribological and mechanical properties of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were investigated on the AISI 52100 bearing steel deposited by low-temperature physical vapor deposition system. Surface morphology and elemental composition of the TiN coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, respectively. Substrate surface roughness and coating thickness of TiN were varied for correlative analysis among adhesion, mechanical, and tribological properties. Scratch and tribo tests were performed for evaluating the adhesion and tribological properties, respectively. Samples having the substrate surface roughness (0.2 ± 0.05 µm) and the coating thickness of more than 2.83 µm presented relatively better adhesion, wear resistance, and lower coefficie...

In this research, the three-dimensional nanofluid thin-film flow of Casson fluid over an inclined steady rotating plane is examined. A thermal radiated nanofluid thin film flow is considered with suction/injection effects. With the help of similarity variables, the partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained ODEs are solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM) with the association of MATHEMATICA software. The boundary-layer over an inclined steady rotating plane is plotted and explored in detail for the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Also, the surface rate of heat transfer and shear stress are described in detail. The impact of numerous embedded parameters, such as the Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, and Casson parameter (Sc, Nb, Nt, γ), etc., were examined on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, respectively. The essential terms o...

The aim of this article is to study time dependent rotating single-wall electrically conducting carbon nanotubes with aqueous suspensions under the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation in a permeable medium. The impact of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The basic governing equations, which are in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), are transformed to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) suitable for transformations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied for the solution. The effect of numerous parameters on the temperature and velocity fields is explanation by graphs. Furthermore, the action of significant parameters on the mass transportation and the rates of fiction factor are determined and discussed by plots in detail. The boundary layer thickness was reduced by a greater rotation rate parameter in our established simulations. Moreover, velocity and temperature profiles decreased with increases of the unsteadiness parameter. The a...

With the increase in popularity of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the number of patients experiencing weight regain has increased as well. This study aims to demonstrate the outcomes of LSG conversions to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), double anastomosis duodenal switch (DS), and single anastomosis duodeno-ileal sleeve (SADI-S) due to weight regain. A retrospective chart review was performed on 21 patients who underwent a conversion of LSG due to weight regain between March 1, 2013, and April 30, 2017. A longitudinal analysis was performed for the body mass index (BMI) measures, using multilevel model for change. Of 21 patients, 6 underwent a conversion to RYGB, 9 underwent a conversion to SADI-S, and 6 underwent a conversion to double anastomosis DS. Mean percentage of total weight loss was 16.0% at 6 months, 20.1% at 12 months, 18.8% at 24 months, and 21.8% at 36 months after the procedure. The final model suggests that preoperative BMI is the most significant indicator ...