Background: Optimum learning environments (LEs) are linked with positive training outcomes for re... more Background: Optimum learning environments (LEs) are linked with positive training outcomes for residents. However, there is few data concerning how the residents perceive the learning environments in teaching hospitals. This study aims to analyze the residents’ perceptions of their learning environments. Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20. Results: The total number was 45 participants, 40 of them successfully responded. The total Cronbach`s alpha score was 0.93, which reflects good reliability. The full-scale score was 128 out of 160, which indicates a good learning environment. The autonomy score was 44, the teachers' score was 50, and social support was 34. Finally, the overall mean score for females was 43.3 compared to 39.4 for males, with a P-value of 0.55. Furthermore, no significant difference in residents’ perceptions of their learning environment according to their training was observed in this study. Conclusion: Significant challenges in the LE were identified; more attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated point in this study: the existence of an informative program, clear clinical protocols, and proper setting expectations. The lowest score was for catering, housing. A high social support score indicates a healthy workplace environment and job satisfaction.
In this study, ginkgo powder was used as the research object, and neutral protease and flavor pro... more In this study, ginkgo powder was used as the research object, and neutral protease and flavor protease were selected to study the degree of hydrolysis of ginkgo protein. Using single factor test and orthogonal test, the results show that the addition amount of neutral protease is 1.6mg/ml, pH is 7.0, enzymolysis temperature is 44 o C, and the reaction time is 4h, the best hydrolysis degree is 4.68%; flavor; The added amount of protease is 7.2mg/ml, pH is 6.5, enzymolysis temperature is 55 o C, and the reaction time is 6h. The best hydrolysis degree is 24.95%; finally, the ginkgo polypeptide is obtained by separation and purification by 3kDa filter membrane. The yield rate was 8.73%, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated by a rotary evaporator to prepare a polypeptide concentrate.
The demands for orthodontic treatment are in continuous increasing, hence producing an ideal trea... more The demands for orthodontic treatment are in continuous increasing, hence producing an ideal treatment plan need to cover all stages of the treatment carefully, especially the retention and stabilization stage. As, any changing in the arch width through changing the inter-molar width will lead to impair the stabilization of the arch and will lead to relapse. Due to that, the present study performed to evaluate the inter-molar width of the mandible using three different commercial orthodontic wires. Thirty patients had been allocated in this study, using a cone beam computed tomography to create an assessment for the inter-molar width. It concluded that there is an increase in the inter-molar width between pre-treatment and after finishing of aligning stage, also there is a highly significant increase in post-aligning stage between the three groups.
Objective: The aims of this study isto evaluate the inter-premolar width changes in the mandible ... more Objective: The aims of this study isto evaluate the inter-premolar width changes in the mandible using three different commercial orthodontic arch wires. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients including both males and females have been allocated in this study. Three orthodontic wires including NiTi, copper NiTi, and Beta-Titanium wires had been used. A special observational technique including cbct had been used to make an evaluation for the inter-premolar width before and after the aligning stage. Results: The results showed a highly significant increase in post-treatment inter premolar width in CNA and NITI groups; compared to Cu NITI group; with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a high significant increase in the inter-premolar width in the mandible, when comparing the wires in the groups (NiTi, CNA, and copper niti). Also, the gender of the patient does not seem to have an impact of the gender on post-treatment efficacy of each wire.
The world is witnessing an invasion from a new corona virus, which resulted in more than one mill... more The world is witnessing an invasion from a new corona virus, which resulted in more than one million of deaths. Most of the sectors such industrial, economy, and tourism are facing a crisis, hence the workers in the field of medicine, considered to be the barrier to fight this invasion. This new virus seems to have two main transmission routes: direct and contact, which it will open a high chance of infection among professional health providers, especially, surgeons and dentists. Maxillofacial and dental surgeons, considered to be essential professional health experts that perform, multiple surgeries and dental procedures every day, consequently, these professions will exhibit a high risk of getting infected by Covid19, due to that, this review article aimed to discuss the possible ways that it may help in optimizing the level of infection control.
Diabetic is a well known public health problem of today. There are many risk factors of it, which... more Diabetic is a well known public health problem of today. There are many risk factors of it, which can be identified in pre-diabetic state. So the present study was conducted with the aim to know the status of anthropometric and haematological parameters in pre-diabetic states. For this hospital based study pre-diabetic subjects were identified from first degree relatives of type 2 DM Patients, enrolled in diabetic research centre P.B.M. hospital Bikaner. Relevant investigations were done. Data thus collected on semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using content analysis. Data analysis revealed that although mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was within normal range but Waist circumference (WC), West Hip (W/H) Ratio, Systolic blood pressure were higher than the normal range accepted for that parameter. But mean value of all the studied haematological parameter were within the normal range accepted for that parameter. So it can be conclude that anthropology of an individual may be associated with the pre-diabetic state. Hypertension was found in 25.35% of pre-diabetics. Further researches are necessary to find out this possible association of anthropologic parameter and pre-diabetic state.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to make an evaluation of inter-canine width before an... more Objective: The aim of the present study was to make an evaluation of inter-canine width before and after the stage of levelling and alignment in the mandible using three different orthodontic arch wires. Subjects and methods: Thirty orthodontic patients both males and females were selected and treated by the same researcher. The patients were randomly divided equally into three groups according to the type of wire that was used, so Group A, B and C will be used. Group A, this group included 10 patients treated with (CNA) wire. Group B, this group included 10 patients treated with (Cu NITI) wire. Group C, this group included 10 patients treated with (NITI) wire. Results: The results showed that inter-canine width showed no significance after the finishing of the leveling and alignment stage.
Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of ch... more Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of challenges. People have been facing health related and other social consequences throughout the world. It is too early to know the aggravated impact of COVID-19 on people living in resource-limited setting, like east Africa countries. In these countries, besides direct public health impact, the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked social stigma and discriminatory behaviors against people of certain ethnic backgrounds as well as anyone perceived to have been in contact with the virus. Social stigma can negatively affect those with the disease, as well as their caregivers, family, friends and communities.COVID-19 pandemics have also been provoked great impacts on daily social consumptions such as food and other food supplements. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic were overshadowed endemics diseases such as malaria, TB and HIV related care and antenatal care services as well as other non-communicable diseases prevention and control. Social stigma coupled with other consequences could result in more severe health problems, can undermine social cohesion and prompt possible social isolation of groups, which might contribute to a situation where the virus is more, not less, likely to spread and difficulties controlling a disease outbreak. Therefore, how we communicate about COVID-19 is critical in supporting people to take effective action to help combat the disease and to avoid fuelling fear and stigma. An environment needs to be created in which the disease and its impact can be discussed and addressed openly, honestly and effectively. This is a message for government, media and local organizations working on the COVID-19 infections.
Purpose: The main purpose of the methodical review is to obtain the importance of Physiotherapy R... more Purpose: The main purpose of the methodical review is to obtain the importance of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in breast cancer-related lymphedema in order to elucidate the role of Physiotherapy in these patients. Methods: A systematic data search was performed using Google scholar, PubMed (from February 2001 till August 2020) and is focused on the rehabilitative aspect of breast cancer related secondary lymphedema and undertaken according to the PRISMA statement with Levels of Evidence (LoE) assessed. Results: 14 randomized controlled trials that included 158 women with breast cancer in after care were included. The included for articles studies of effect different types of physiotherapy regimens like exercises that consisted of lymph training, swimming, resistance exercise, gravity-resistive exercise and aerobic exercises. The mentioned articles were thoroughly analyzed and included in the review. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that Physiotherapy can improve subjective and objective parameters in BCRL patients although it is found to be helpful in improving the quality of life of these patients.
A mixed research design was adopted to explore the perceived economic impact of COVID-19 and its ... more A mixed research design was adopted to explore the perceived economic impact of COVID-19 and its impact on health. Quantitative data was used to find out the status of microeconomic parameters and FGD was done to find out the perceived economic impact and its impact on health. The quantitative data was retrieved from the Nepal Rastriya Bank's database. FGD was conducted among experts in the field of economics and health. The quantitative analysis showed decline in remittance and economic growth. The thematic analysis of the FGD revealed that remittance will decrease further and will have a negative economic growth. The participants predicted that the population falling under poverty line will also increase. They also predicted that mental health problems like depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance and alcohol use and sleep problems are likely to increase. They also predicted that the after effects of this pandemic will bring a huge burden on public health and the non-communicable disease is likely to increase. This study recommends that employment opportunities needs to be created and the health service points need to be strengthened. Mental health assessment should be made a part of health assessment in quarantine. This study emphasizes on maintaining physical distance while being socially connected.
Objective: The objective was to find the changes in maternal health care utilization. Design: Ret... more Objective: The objective was to find the changes in maternal health care utilization. Design: Retrospective design was adopted.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host's response to ... more Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host's response to infection. Sepsis can lead to ketoacidosis in diabetes mellitus patients. A 60 years old male complained of headache, mild fever and painful swallowing since 2 weeks prior to hospital admission. History of diabetes mellitus is unknown. Based on examination, the working diagnosis for the patient was sepsis, suspected periapical abscess, type II diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis and decreased consciousness. Initial management of sepsis, insulin, and endotracheal intubation were performed. The patient then was admitted to the ICU. Management of sepsis is very important and should be performed based on 1-hour SSC bundle while performing management of DKA. The patient had periapical abscess which is thought to be the source of sepsis. Sepsis then triggers DKA, and several organ dysfunctions in the form of AKI, DIC, and respiratory distress.
Femoral shaft fractures are very demanding injuries to the patients and their families. Majority ... more Femoral shaft fractures are very demanding injuries to the patients and their families. Majority of cases occurs in children and adolescents. Titanium elastic nailing is one of the operative procedures for treatment of such fractures. So this present study was conducted on 30 diaphyseal femoral fracture patients aged 05-15 years treated with Titanium elastic nailing with the aim to assess the functional outcome of such cases in western Rajasthan scenario. It was found that. average time of union was found 6.33 weeks, average period of full weight bearing was 7.66 weeks and with average time 6.4 weeks. So it conclude that fracture of femur treated with Titanium Elastic Nailing has very good results that Titanium Elastic Nailing is an ideal device to treat pediatric femoral shaft fractures between age group 5-15 years.
Zika Virus Disease (ZVD) is an emerging disease in India. Symptoms are generally mild but it's in... more Zika Virus Disease (ZVD) is an emerging disease in India. Symptoms are generally mild but it's infection during pregnancy can cause other congenital malformations in infants. Because of its complications in pregnancy it becomes of public health importance. There was an epidemic in Jaipur in year 2018. This study was conducted to describe the epidemiologic curve and effects containment measures initiated by department of health to control it. Public health response initiated within three kilometer radius area from index case in the form of tracing & isolation of positive cases, tracking of fever cases & pregnant females in affected area. Vector control measures were taken and effect of control measures were assessed by difference in entomlogical indexes like Breateau Index (BI) and House index (HI). Total 159 Zika positive cases detected in 38 days, out of that 6 were from routine surveillance and 153 were from active surveillance. No mortality was reported. Timely containment measures were taken. Effect of these containment measures were significant (p<001) in the form of reduction in number of cases, Breauteau Index (BI) and House Index (HI). Number of cases became zero whereas mean BI and mean HI became less than 2 which was initially 35.01 and 21.72 respectively. It is concluded that with prompt public health response and intersectoral coordination resulted in containment of the outbreak.
—The Moroccan coastline occupies a privileged place at the level of the entire coastline of the A... more —The Moroccan coastline occupies a privileged place at the level of the entire coastline of the African continent. The quality of bathing water is a criterion increasingly demanded by the general public for the choice of its holiday resorts. Main objective of this present study is to find out the status of to find status of bathing water through physicochemical and microbiological examination. Sampling was done from 8 beaches of Kenitra Mehdia, Nations, Rabat-Sale, Harhoura, Temara, Golden Sand, Val D'or and the beach of Skhirate Amphitrite. Bacteriological evaluations were done & presence of feacal Coliforms and/or Streptococci was considered as indicative of faecal pollution. Enumeration of faecal Coliforms and faecal Streptococci was done by filter membrane method on nutrient media Tergitol7 Agar, Litskey, Slanetz & Bartley. In addition to microbiological sampling of water, temperature and pH of the water were measured "in situ". Data related to the tide (high or low) and populations were collected. Regarding bacterial load of beaches in present study it was found that at Mehdia beach, Nations beach, Rabat-Sale beach, Temara beach, Harhoura beach, Sable D'or beach and at Skhirat beach the contamination standard is exceeded in 30% of samples for CF and 20% for SF, 10% for CF and 0% for SF, 100% of the samples for CF and 70% for SF, 50% for CF and in none (0%) for SF, 20% for CF and 10% for SF, 30% for CF and 10% for SF and 40% for CF and 10% for SF respectively. But at Val D'or beach in none of sample exceed the guide value (VG) for faecal Coliform and fecal Streptococci. So the beaches of the Nations, Harhoura and Val D'or are classified A. The beaches of Mehdia, Temara, Golden Sand and Skhirat with medium quality waters are classified B. Only the beach of Rabat-Sale was found polluted and classified in category C.
— Continuing our previous researches on UHMWPE (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene) based i... more — Continuing our previous researches on UHMWPE (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene) based implant material and its fusion with Ca-alginate, we describe new methods for preparing Ca-alginate blended UHMWPE samples and how we extended the testing of the prepared samples. If sufficient content of Ca-alginate can be achieved and the Calcium-alginate blended UHMWPE can be made, it might lead to an implant material which can promote bone formation. Earlier result shows that the Calcium–alginate contentwill be formed in the structure of UHMWPE. Using our new modified methods we can make polyethylene samples with sufficiently tough alginate content which can withstand washing and sterilization as that is shown in the paper. Since we had modified the UHMWPE specimens with Ca-alginates we carried out different types of wear testing on the prepared samples.
—In recent years, termination of pregnancy has also become more common procedure due to intensive... more —In recent years, termination of pregnancy has also become more common procedure due to intensive development of medicines and increasing demand for such procedures. In previously scarred uterus the use of medical abortion regimen could avoid severe complications such as uterine perforation, cervical laceration and other physical and psychological trauma which are caused by surgical termination of pregnancy. This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer from December 2015 to November 2017 to compare the efficacy, safety and acceptability of medical abortion in previously scarred and non-scarred uterus. For this study 75 women were included of amenorrhoea < 49 days with previous one or two LSCS (Lower segment cesarean section) and 75 women with no LSCS (primi and multipara with prior normal delivery). Regime which was used in this study was tab. Mifepristone 200 mg followed by Misoprostol 600µgm were given to them. Follow up was done at day 14 using sonography. The overall success rate for complete abortion in group I was 88% and that of group II was 89.3%.Total proportion of incomplete abortion was 9.33% in group I as compared to 8% in group II and continuation of pregnancy occurred 2.67% in both the groups during the entire study period. Thus there was no significant difference in efficacy of medicines in achieving abortion in scared and non-scared uterus. So early medical abortion represents an important method in previous scarred uterus patients having unwanted pregnancy. These regimens offer the prospect of a more private, less intrusive form of abortion that is both safe and effective.
— Adolescent health and physical development problems are important issue in student life; there ... more — Adolescent health and physical development problems are important issue in student life; there are many helpful services to cope with these problems. This study was conducted on 240 students (120 males and 120 females) to know their health and physical development problems and to compare the response of males & females for helpfulness of guidance and counselling services to help them to cope with their health and physical development problems. Technology, and Technical Education. This study observed that out of 120 male Thai undergraduate students, 113 (94.2%) male students said that they have troubled with their feet. Otherwise, 119 (99.2%) female students argued that they have not as strong healthy as they should be and they have had poor complexion or skin trouble (N = 120).The result of t-test analysis showed that there was a significant different between Thai male and female students on the helpfulness of individual and group counselling service (N = 120, t (118) =0.903, p = 0.015) consultation service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.983, p<0.001), guidance service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.903, p = 0.015), coordination service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.744, p = 0.017), assessment service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.969, p = 0.002), and personal growth and development service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.902, p = 0.015) provided by the guidance counsellor in helping undergraduate students to cope with their health and physical development problems at a significant level of 0.05.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually c... more —In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
— Female genital tuberculosis is one of the major etiological factors of female infertility. Diag... more — Female genital tuberculosis is one of the major etiological factors of female infertility. Diagnosis of genital tuberculosis is very important in such cases. So this comparative observational type of study was carried out on infertile women to compare the diagnostic effectively of ultrasonograpgy (USG), genital tuberculosis, Tuberculin test, Nucleic acid amplification test (PCR), histopathology and hysteroscopy & laparoscopy (DHL) assuming culture as gold standard. It was observed that the 28% of infertile cases were found positive for genital tuberculosis on culture. Sensitivity of PCR 64.28%, DHL 92.85%, USG 42.85%, Histopathology 60.71% and Tuberculin Test 64.28%. So sensitivity was found with significant variation ranging from 42.85% with ultrasonography (USG) to 92.85% with DHL. Specificity of PCR 52.77%, DHL 55.55%, USG 98.61%, Histopathology 91.66% and Tuberculin Test 36.11%. So specificity was also found with significant variation being found maximum with USG (98.61%) and minimum with tuberculin test (36.11%). Positive predictive value (PPV) was found maximum (92.3%) with USG and minimum (28.12%) with tuberculin test and negative predictive value (NPV) was found maximum (95.23%) with DHL and minimum (72.22%) with tuberculin test. Diagnostic effectively of diagnosing GTB with various studied modalities vary with significant variation.
Background: Optimum learning environments (LEs) are linked with positive training outcomes for re... more Background: Optimum learning environments (LEs) are linked with positive training outcomes for residents. However, there is few data concerning how the residents perceive the learning environments in teaching hospitals. This study aims to analyze the residents’ perceptions of their learning environments. Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20. Results: The total number was 45 participants, 40 of them successfully responded. The total Cronbach`s alpha score was 0.93, which reflects good reliability. The full-scale score was 128 out of 160, which indicates a good learning environment. The autonomy score was 44, the teachers' score was 50, and social support was 34. Finally, the overall mean score for females was 43.3 compared to 39.4 for males, with a P-value of 0.55. Furthermore, no significant difference in residents’ perceptions of their learning environment according to their training was observed in this study. Conclusion: Significant challenges in the LE were identified; more attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated point in this study: the existence of an informative program, clear clinical protocols, and proper setting expectations. The lowest score was for catering, housing. A high social support score indicates a healthy workplace environment and job satisfaction.
In this study, ginkgo powder was used as the research object, and neutral protease and flavor pro... more In this study, ginkgo powder was used as the research object, and neutral protease and flavor protease were selected to study the degree of hydrolysis of ginkgo protein. Using single factor test and orthogonal test, the results show that the addition amount of neutral protease is 1.6mg/ml, pH is 7.0, enzymolysis temperature is 44 o C, and the reaction time is 4h, the best hydrolysis degree is 4.68%; flavor; The added amount of protease is 7.2mg/ml, pH is 6.5, enzymolysis temperature is 55 o C, and the reaction time is 6h. The best hydrolysis degree is 24.95%; finally, the ginkgo polypeptide is obtained by separation and purification by 3kDa filter membrane. The yield rate was 8.73%, and the obtained filtrate was concentrated by a rotary evaporator to prepare a polypeptide concentrate.
The demands for orthodontic treatment are in continuous increasing, hence producing an ideal trea... more The demands for orthodontic treatment are in continuous increasing, hence producing an ideal treatment plan need to cover all stages of the treatment carefully, especially the retention and stabilization stage. As, any changing in the arch width through changing the inter-molar width will lead to impair the stabilization of the arch and will lead to relapse. Due to that, the present study performed to evaluate the inter-molar width of the mandible using three different commercial orthodontic wires. Thirty patients had been allocated in this study, using a cone beam computed tomography to create an assessment for the inter-molar width. It concluded that there is an increase in the inter-molar width between pre-treatment and after finishing of aligning stage, also there is a highly significant increase in post-aligning stage between the three groups.
Objective: The aims of this study isto evaluate the inter-premolar width changes in the mandible ... more Objective: The aims of this study isto evaluate the inter-premolar width changes in the mandible using three different commercial orthodontic arch wires. Subjects and methods: Thirty patients including both males and females have been allocated in this study. Three orthodontic wires including NiTi, copper NiTi, and Beta-Titanium wires had been used. A special observational technique including cbct had been used to make an evaluation for the inter-premolar width before and after the aligning stage. Results: The results showed a highly significant increase in post-treatment inter premolar width in CNA and NITI groups; compared to Cu NITI group; with highly significant statistical difference (p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a high significant increase in the inter-premolar width in the mandible, when comparing the wires in the groups (NiTi, CNA, and copper niti). Also, the gender of the patient does not seem to have an impact of the gender on post-treatment efficacy of each wire.
The world is witnessing an invasion from a new corona virus, which resulted in more than one mill... more The world is witnessing an invasion from a new corona virus, which resulted in more than one million of deaths. Most of the sectors such industrial, economy, and tourism are facing a crisis, hence the workers in the field of medicine, considered to be the barrier to fight this invasion. This new virus seems to have two main transmission routes: direct and contact, which it will open a high chance of infection among professional health providers, especially, surgeons and dentists. Maxillofacial and dental surgeons, considered to be essential professional health experts that perform, multiple surgeries and dental procedures every day, consequently, these professions will exhibit a high risk of getting infected by Covid19, due to that, this review article aimed to discuss the possible ways that it may help in optimizing the level of infection control.
Diabetic is a well known public health problem of today. There are many risk factors of it, which... more Diabetic is a well known public health problem of today. There are many risk factors of it, which can be identified in pre-diabetic state. So the present study was conducted with the aim to know the status of anthropometric and haematological parameters in pre-diabetic states. For this hospital based study pre-diabetic subjects were identified from first degree relatives of type 2 DM Patients, enrolled in diabetic research centre P.B.M. hospital Bikaner. Relevant investigations were done. Data thus collected on semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using content analysis. Data analysis revealed that although mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was within normal range but Waist circumference (WC), West Hip (W/H) Ratio, Systolic blood pressure were higher than the normal range accepted for that parameter. But mean value of all the studied haematological parameter were within the normal range accepted for that parameter. So it can be conclude that anthropology of an individual may be associated with the pre-diabetic state. Hypertension was found in 25.35% of pre-diabetics. Further researches are necessary to find out this possible association of anthropologic parameter and pre-diabetic state.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to make an evaluation of inter-canine width before an... more Objective: The aim of the present study was to make an evaluation of inter-canine width before and after the stage of levelling and alignment in the mandible using three different orthodontic arch wires. Subjects and methods: Thirty orthodontic patients both males and females were selected and treated by the same researcher. The patients were randomly divided equally into three groups according to the type of wire that was used, so Group A, B and C will be used. Group A, this group included 10 patients treated with (CNA) wire. Group B, this group included 10 patients treated with (Cu NITI) wire. Group C, this group included 10 patients treated with (NITI) wire. Results: The results showed that inter-canine width showed no significance after the finishing of the leveling and alignment stage.
Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of ch... more Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of challenges. People have been facing health related and other social consequences throughout the world. It is too early to know the aggravated impact of COVID-19 on people living in resource-limited setting, like east Africa countries. In these countries, besides direct public health impact, the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked social stigma and discriminatory behaviors against people of certain ethnic backgrounds as well as anyone perceived to have been in contact with the virus. Social stigma can negatively affect those with the disease, as well as their caregivers, family, friends and communities.COVID-19 pandemics have also been provoked great impacts on daily social consumptions such as food and other food supplements. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic were overshadowed endemics diseases such as malaria, TB and HIV related care and antenatal care services as well as other non-communicable diseases prevention and control. Social stigma coupled with other consequences could result in more severe health problems, can undermine social cohesion and prompt possible social isolation of groups, which might contribute to a situation where the virus is more, not less, likely to spread and difficulties controlling a disease outbreak. Therefore, how we communicate about COVID-19 is critical in supporting people to take effective action to help combat the disease and to avoid fuelling fear and stigma. An environment needs to be created in which the disease and its impact can be discussed and addressed openly, honestly and effectively. This is a message for government, media and local organizations working on the COVID-19 infections.
Purpose: The main purpose of the methodical review is to obtain the importance of Physiotherapy R... more Purpose: The main purpose of the methodical review is to obtain the importance of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in breast cancer-related lymphedema in order to elucidate the role of Physiotherapy in these patients. Methods: A systematic data search was performed using Google scholar, PubMed (from February 2001 till August 2020) and is focused on the rehabilitative aspect of breast cancer related secondary lymphedema and undertaken according to the PRISMA statement with Levels of Evidence (LoE) assessed. Results: 14 randomized controlled trials that included 158 women with breast cancer in after care were included. The included for articles studies of effect different types of physiotherapy regimens like exercises that consisted of lymph training, swimming, resistance exercise, gravity-resistive exercise and aerobic exercises. The mentioned articles were thoroughly analyzed and included in the review. Conclusion: The evidence indicates that Physiotherapy can improve subjective and objective parameters in BCRL patients although it is found to be helpful in improving the quality of life of these patients.
A mixed research design was adopted to explore the perceived economic impact of COVID-19 and its ... more A mixed research design was adopted to explore the perceived economic impact of COVID-19 and its impact on health. Quantitative data was used to find out the status of microeconomic parameters and FGD was done to find out the perceived economic impact and its impact on health. The quantitative data was retrieved from the Nepal Rastriya Bank's database. FGD was conducted among experts in the field of economics and health. The quantitative analysis showed decline in remittance and economic growth. The thematic analysis of the FGD revealed that remittance will decrease further and will have a negative economic growth. The participants predicted that the population falling under poverty line will also increase. They also predicted that mental health problems like depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance and alcohol use and sleep problems are likely to increase. They also predicted that the after effects of this pandemic will bring a huge burden on public health and the non-communicable disease is likely to increase. This study recommends that employment opportunities needs to be created and the health service points need to be strengthened. Mental health assessment should be made a part of health assessment in quarantine. This study emphasizes on maintaining physical distance while being socially connected.
Objective: The objective was to find the changes in maternal health care utilization. Design: Ret... more Objective: The objective was to find the changes in maternal health care utilization. Design: Retrospective design was adopted.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host's response to ... more Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host's response to infection. Sepsis can lead to ketoacidosis in diabetes mellitus patients. A 60 years old male complained of headache, mild fever and painful swallowing since 2 weeks prior to hospital admission. History of diabetes mellitus is unknown. Based on examination, the working diagnosis for the patient was sepsis, suspected periapical abscess, type II diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis and decreased consciousness. Initial management of sepsis, insulin, and endotracheal intubation were performed. The patient then was admitted to the ICU. Management of sepsis is very important and should be performed based on 1-hour SSC bundle while performing management of DKA. The patient had periapical abscess which is thought to be the source of sepsis. Sepsis then triggers DKA, and several organ dysfunctions in the form of AKI, DIC, and respiratory distress.
Femoral shaft fractures are very demanding injuries to the patients and their families. Majority ... more Femoral shaft fractures are very demanding injuries to the patients and their families. Majority of cases occurs in children and adolescents. Titanium elastic nailing is one of the operative procedures for treatment of such fractures. So this present study was conducted on 30 diaphyseal femoral fracture patients aged 05-15 years treated with Titanium elastic nailing with the aim to assess the functional outcome of such cases in western Rajasthan scenario. It was found that. average time of union was found 6.33 weeks, average period of full weight bearing was 7.66 weeks and with average time 6.4 weeks. So it conclude that fracture of femur treated with Titanium Elastic Nailing has very good results that Titanium Elastic Nailing is an ideal device to treat pediatric femoral shaft fractures between age group 5-15 years.
Zika Virus Disease (ZVD) is an emerging disease in India. Symptoms are generally mild but it's in... more Zika Virus Disease (ZVD) is an emerging disease in India. Symptoms are generally mild but it's infection during pregnancy can cause other congenital malformations in infants. Because of its complications in pregnancy it becomes of public health importance. There was an epidemic in Jaipur in year 2018. This study was conducted to describe the epidemiologic curve and effects containment measures initiated by department of health to control it. Public health response initiated within three kilometer radius area from index case in the form of tracing & isolation of positive cases, tracking of fever cases & pregnant females in affected area. Vector control measures were taken and effect of control measures were assessed by difference in entomlogical indexes like Breateau Index (BI) and House index (HI). Total 159 Zika positive cases detected in 38 days, out of that 6 were from routine surveillance and 153 were from active surveillance. No mortality was reported. Timely containment measures were taken. Effect of these containment measures were significant (p<001) in the form of reduction in number of cases, Breauteau Index (BI) and House Index (HI). Number of cases became zero whereas mean BI and mean HI became less than 2 which was initially 35.01 and 21.72 respectively. It is concluded that with prompt public health response and intersectoral coordination resulted in containment of the outbreak.
—The Moroccan coastline occupies a privileged place at the level of the entire coastline of the A... more —The Moroccan coastline occupies a privileged place at the level of the entire coastline of the African continent. The quality of bathing water is a criterion increasingly demanded by the general public for the choice of its holiday resorts. Main objective of this present study is to find out the status of to find status of bathing water through physicochemical and microbiological examination. Sampling was done from 8 beaches of Kenitra Mehdia, Nations, Rabat-Sale, Harhoura, Temara, Golden Sand, Val D'or and the beach of Skhirate Amphitrite. Bacteriological evaluations were done & presence of feacal Coliforms and/or Streptococci was considered as indicative of faecal pollution. Enumeration of faecal Coliforms and faecal Streptococci was done by filter membrane method on nutrient media Tergitol7 Agar, Litskey, Slanetz & Bartley. In addition to microbiological sampling of water, temperature and pH of the water were measured "in situ". Data related to the tide (high or low) and populations were collected. Regarding bacterial load of beaches in present study it was found that at Mehdia beach, Nations beach, Rabat-Sale beach, Temara beach, Harhoura beach, Sable D'or beach and at Skhirat beach the contamination standard is exceeded in 30% of samples for CF and 20% for SF, 10% for CF and 0% for SF, 100% of the samples for CF and 70% for SF, 50% for CF and in none (0%) for SF, 20% for CF and 10% for SF, 30% for CF and 10% for SF and 40% for CF and 10% for SF respectively. But at Val D'or beach in none of sample exceed the guide value (VG) for faecal Coliform and fecal Streptococci. So the beaches of the Nations, Harhoura and Val D'or are classified A. The beaches of Mehdia, Temara, Golden Sand and Skhirat with medium quality waters are classified B. Only the beach of Rabat-Sale was found polluted and classified in category C.
— Continuing our previous researches on UHMWPE (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene) based i... more — Continuing our previous researches on UHMWPE (Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene) based implant material and its fusion with Ca-alginate, we describe new methods for preparing Ca-alginate blended UHMWPE samples and how we extended the testing of the prepared samples. If sufficient content of Ca-alginate can be achieved and the Calcium-alginate blended UHMWPE can be made, it might lead to an implant material which can promote bone formation. Earlier result shows that the Calcium–alginate contentwill be formed in the structure of UHMWPE. Using our new modified methods we can make polyethylene samples with sufficiently tough alginate content which can withstand washing and sterilization as that is shown in the paper. Since we had modified the UHMWPE specimens with Ca-alginates we carried out different types of wear testing on the prepared samples.
—In recent years, termination of pregnancy has also become more common procedure due to intensive... more —In recent years, termination of pregnancy has also become more common procedure due to intensive development of medicines and increasing demand for such procedures. In previously scarred uterus the use of medical abortion regimen could avoid severe complications such as uterine perforation, cervical laceration and other physical and psychological trauma which are caused by surgical termination of pregnancy. This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer from December 2015 to November 2017 to compare the efficacy, safety and acceptability of medical abortion in previously scarred and non-scarred uterus. For this study 75 women were included of amenorrhoea < 49 days with previous one or two LSCS (Lower segment cesarean section) and 75 women with no LSCS (primi and multipara with prior normal delivery). Regime which was used in this study was tab. Mifepristone 200 mg followed by Misoprostol 600µgm were given to them. Follow up was done at day 14 using sonography. The overall success rate for complete abortion in group I was 88% and that of group II was 89.3%.Total proportion of incomplete abortion was 9.33% in group I as compared to 8% in group II and continuation of pregnancy occurred 2.67% in both the groups during the entire study period. Thus there was no significant difference in efficacy of medicines in achieving abortion in scared and non-scared uterus. So early medical abortion represents an important method in previous scarred uterus patients having unwanted pregnancy. These regimens offer the prospect of a more private, less intrusive form of abortion that is both safe and effective.
— Adolescent health and physical development problems are important issue in student life; there ... more — Adolescent health and physical development problems are important issue in student life; there are many helpful services to cope with these problems. This study was conducted on 240 students (120 males and 120 females) to know their health and physical development problems and to compare the response of males & females for helpfulness of guidance and counselling services to help them to cope with their health and physical development problems. Technology, and Technical Education. This study observed that out of 120 male Thai undergraduate students, 113 (94.2%) male students said that they have troubled with their feet. Otherwise, 119 (99.2%) female students argued that they have not as strong healthy as they should be and they have had poor complexion or skin trouble (N = 120).The result of t-test analysis showed that there was a significant different between Thai male and female students on the helpfulness of individual and group counselling service (N = 120, t (118) =0.903, p = 0.015) consultation service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.983, p<0.001), guidance service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.903, p = 0.015), coordination service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.744, p = 0.017), assessment service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.969, p = 0.002), and personal growth and development service (N = 120, t (118) = 0.902, p = 0.015) provided by the guidance counsellor in helping undergraduate students to cope with their health and physical development problems at a significant level of 0.05.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually c... more —In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
— Female genital tuberculosis is one of the major etiological factors of female infertility. Diag... more — Female genital tuberculosis is one of the major etiological factors of female infertility. Diagnosis of genital tuberculosis is very important in such cases. So this comparative observational type of study was carried out on infertile women to compare the diagnostic effectively of ultrasonograpgy (USG), genital tuberculosis, Tuberculin test, Nucleic acid amplification test (PCR), histopathology and hysteroscopy & laparoscopy (DHL) assuming culture as gold standard. It was observed that the 28% of infertile cases were found positive for genital tuberculosis on culture. Sensitivity of PCR 64.28%, DHL 92.85%, USG 42.85%, Histopathology 60.71% and Tuberculin Test 64.28%. So sensitivity was found with significant variation ranging from 42.85% with ultrasonography (USG) to 92.85% with DHL. Specificity of PCR 52.77%, DHL 55.55%, USG 98.61%, Histopathology 91.66% and Tuberculin Test 36.11%. So specificity was also found with significant variation being found maximum with USG (98.61%) and minimum with tuberculin test (36.11%). Positive predictive value (PPV) was found maximum (92.3%) with USG and minimum (28.12%) with tuberculin test and negative predictive value (NPV) was found maximum (95.23%) with DHL and minimum (72.22%) with tuberculin test. Diagnostic effectively of diagnosing GTB with various studied modalities vary with significant variation.
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Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.
Results: The total number was 45 participants, 40 of them successfully responded. The total Cronbach`s alpha score was 0.93, which reflects good reliability. The full-scale score was 128 out of 160, which indicates a good learning environment. The autonomy score was 44, the teachers' score was 50, and social support was 34. Finally, the overall mean score for females was 43.3 compared to 39.4 for males, with a P-value of 0.55. Furthermore, no significant difference in residents’ perceptions of their learning environment according to their training was observed in this study.
Conclusion: Significant challenges in the LE were identified; more attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated point in this study: the existence of an informative program, clear clinical protocols, and proper setting expectations. The lowest score was for catering, housing. A high social support score indicates a healthy workplace environment and job satisfaction.
Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was carried out between November 2020 and January 2021, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.
Results: The total number was 45 participants, 40 of them successfully responded. The total Cronbach`s alpha score was 0.93, which reflects good reliability. The full-scale score was 128 out of 160, which indicates a good learning environment. The autonomy score was 44, the teachers' score was 50, and social support was 34. Finally, the overall mean score for females was 43.3 compared to 39.4 for males, with a P-value of 0.55. Furthermore, no significant difference in residents’ perceptions of their learning environment according to their training was observed in this study.
Conclusion: Significant challenges in the LE were identified; more attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated point in this study: the existence of an informative program, clear clinical protocols, and proper setting expectations. The lowest score was for catering, housing. A high social support score indicates a healthy workplace environment and job satisfaction.