Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Family Compositae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine as a tonic and rem... more Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Family Compositae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine as a tonic and remedy against constipation, fever, high blood pressure, and many infectious diseases. We have evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of an aqueous extract of V. amygdalina leaves against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice in vivo. Activities of liver marker enzymes in serum (glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin levels were determined colorimetrically, while catalase activity, lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), iron, and total protein concentrations were measured in liver homogenate. Acetaminophen challenge (300 mg/kg, i.p) for 7 days caused significant (P < .01) increases in the levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, TBARS, and iron, while catalase activity and total protein level were reduced significantly (P < .01). Preadministration of V. amygdalina resulted in a dose-dependent (50-100 mg/kg) reversal of acetaminophen-induced alterations of all the liver function parameters by 51.9-84.9%. Suppression of acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress by the extract was also dose-dependent (50-100 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that V. amygdalina elicits hepatoprotectivity through antioxidant activity on acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in mice.
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of th... more Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (MLEAO) on the hematology of chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). A total of 200 6-week-old cockerels, randomly assigned to eight groups (A, B, C, D, E. F, G, and H) of 25 each, were used for the study. Groups A, B, and C chickens (prophylactic groups) were drenched orally with MLEAO at the doses of 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg body weight, respectively for 7 days before challenge with vNDV. Chickens in all groups, except group H, were then challenged with vNDV. When clinical signs of Newcastle disease appeared, groups D, E, and F chickens (therapeutic groups) were drenched with 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg MLEAO, respectively for 7 days. Group G was untreated but challenged while group H was untreated and unchallenged. Hematological evaluations followed standard procedures. The study showed that prophylactic treatment at 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg and therapeutic treatment at 300 mg/kg led to significant (p &lt; 0.05) higher white blood cell count but prophylactic treatment at 300 mg/kg, led to significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lowering of the erythrocytic profile. It was concluded that prophylactic administration of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract at all doses as used in this study and its therapeutic administration at 300 mg/kg enhanced white blood cell mobilization and response to challenge with vNDV infection in chickens.
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of th... more Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (MLEAO) on the hematology of chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). A total of 200 6-week-old cockerels, randomly assigned to eight groups (A, B, C, D, E. F, G, and H) of 25 each, were used for the study. Groups A, B, and C chickens (prophylactic groups) were drenched orally with MLEAO at the doses of 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg body weight, respectively for 7 days before challenge with vNDV. Chickens in all groups, except group H, were then challenged with vNDV. When clinical signs of Newcastle disease appeared, groups D, E, and F chickens (therapeutic groups) were drenched with 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg MLEAO, respectively for 7 days. Group G was untreated but challenged while group H was untreated and unchallenged. Hematological evaluations followed standard procedures. The study showed that prophylactic treatment at 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg and therapeutic treatment at 300 mg/kg led to significant (p < 0.05) higher white blood cell count but prophylactic treatment at 300 mg/kg, led to significantly (p < 0.05) lowering of the erythrocytic profile. It was concluded that prophylactic administration of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract at all doses as used in this study and its therapeutic administration at 300 mg/kg enhanced white blood cell mobilization and response to challenge with vNDV infection in chickens.
Synthesis, electronic, infrared, elemental micro analytical studies were carried on N-(benzothiaz... more Synthesis, electronic, infrared, elemental micro analytical studies were carried on N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)trichloroethanamide [4] and N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)chloroethanamide [5]. They were also screened in vitro and in vivo for antibacterial activity. The results indicate that the compounds are very stable and that they show high antibacterial activities against both grampositive and gram-negative bacteria tested. Both derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazole were active against the multiresistant bacteria with IZD ranging from 9 -18 mm [5] and 9 – 20mm [4]. From the MIC results it is observed that the [5] derivative produced a better antibacterial activity than the [4] derivative. The lethal concentrations (LC50) of the compounds were also determined. Their solubilities and melting points were also determined.
Background and Aim: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial used in the treatment of a varie... more Background and Aim: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections in poultry, its residue in tissues is known to have a deleterious effect in man when consumed. The study aimed to determine the use of gentamicin by poultry farmers and the presence and occurrence of gentamicin residue in tissues of commercial broilers in Ikpa slaughterhouse Nsukka. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey using questionnaire and immunological screening. A total of 108 broilers were sampled, testing 108 each of muscle, liver, and kidney tissues for gentamicin residue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The questionnaire survey revealed that in the management practices, 55.2% of the farms used intensive deep litter, 21% intensive battery cage, and 23.6% extensive farming system. Twenty-seven (71%) farms reared only broilers, 10.5% layers, and 18.4% both. The feeding management showed that 21.1% of farmers p...
The effects of 28-day oral administration of the methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH... more The effects of 28-day oral administration of the methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH) on biochemical, hematological parameters, and relative organ weights (ROWs) in albino rats were investigated. There were no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the ROW of the heart, kidney, spleen, and liver on days 14 and 28 in all the rats given the different doses of MLEPH. The hematology showed that there were no significant (p > 0.05) alterations of the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, total white blood cell (tWBC), and differential WBC counts by MLEPH at 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg when compared with control. The serum biochemistry also revealed no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, total bilirubin, and creatinine when the groups that received the extract at the different doses were compared with the control. Therefore, MLEPH did not cause significant toxicity after 28 days of oral administration.
The methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia subcordata obtained by macerating dried and pulverized l... more The methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia subcordata obtained by macerating dried and pulverized leaves in 50 percent methanol f a 48 hour produced relaxant effects in the rabbit jejunum and rat fundus (stomach), but produced contractile effects in the rat uterus. The effective concentration (ECso 0.07 mg/ml) of the extract in the rat jejunum was determined from a plot of the percent relaxation of the tissue against the log concentration of the extract. No observable effects in the guinea pig ileum were produced by the extract. Effects of extract on jejunum, rat fundus, and uterus were antagonized by histamine. The effects of the extract appeared to be mediated through H2receptor blocking activity.
Background: Consumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleterious if... more Background: Consumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleterious if they contain violative levels of the residues. This study determined antimicrobial residues prevalence in broilers sold at Ikpa market, Nsukka, Nigeria. Methods: Tissues from muscle, liver and kidney of 60 commercial broilers (180 samples) were tested for antimicrobial residues using the conventional Four Plate Test. Result: Prevalence of 80.0% (48/60) and 51.7% (93/180) was recorded in the birds and samples {muscle 40.0%(24/60); liver 55.0%(33/60) and kidney 60.0%(36/60)} respectively. There was no significant association between residue occurrence and tissue type (χ2 (2) = 5.206; p = 0.074). Possible antimicrobial classes detected were: macrolid (50.0%) at pH 8.0 with Micrococcus luteus; β-lactams and tetracyclines (64.4%) with Bacillus subtillis at pH 6.0; sulphonamides (53.3%) at pH 7.2 with Bacillus subtillis, and aminoglycosides (46.8%) at pH 8.0 with Bacillus subtillis. Twenty-four tissue samples were positive at all four pH levels indicating use of more than one class of antimicrobials during each treatment. Conclusion: Antimicrobial residues were detected in commercial broilers (muscles, liver and kidney) sampled at Ikpa Market, Nsukka. This is of public health importance given that antimicrobial residues are not monitored in poultry consumed in Nigeria.
Background: The effects of low radiation exposures are naturally harmful to the humans and in thi... more Background: The effects of low radiation exposures are naturally harmful to the humans and in this study we aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of Gongronema latifolium extracts (GLE) against radiation induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Forty eight rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group had two sub-groups; (i) normal control (NC) was neither irradiated nor treated with GLE and (ii) irradiated control (IC) was irradiated (with 4 and 6 Gy) but no GLE treatment. The experimental group also had two sub-groups; (i) pre-treated (PRT) was treated with GLE before irradiation and (ii) post-treated (PST) was irradiated before treatment with GLE. Radioprotective effects were measured by noting changes in biochemical parameters of liver, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants enzymes and changes in body weight that occurred in the sub-groups. ANOVA with Tukey’s test were used to determine significance differences in the sub-groups. Results...
The study evaluated the haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity of hydro-methanol root... more The study evaluated the haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity of hydro-methanol root extract of Anarcaduim occidentale (AO) in cockerels. Forty chickens randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 10 birds each were used for the experiment. Groups A, B, C and D received 3000, 1500 and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract and distilled water respectively. Relative weights, haematology, serum biochemistry, gross and histopathological features of the lymphoid organs of chickens were studied. No significant (P>0.05) variation was observed in their body weights. The white blood cell count of group A chicken were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of groups B and C chickens. Serum biochemistry tests revealed significant (P<0.05) variations at different doses for the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, uric acid, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus activities when compared to the cont...
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol seed extract of Carica papaya in mi... more Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol seed extract of Carica papaya in mice and rats
ABSTRACTBackgroundConsumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleteri... more ABSTRACTBackgroundConsumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleterious if they contain violative levels of the residues. This study determined antimicrobial residues prevalence in broilers sold at Ikpa market, Nsukka, Nigeria.MethodsTissues from muscle, liver and kidney of 60 commercial broilers (180 samples) were tested for antimicrobial residues using the conventional Four Plate Test.ResultPrevalence of 80.0% (48/60) and 51.7% (93/180) was recorded in the birds and samples {muscle 40.0%(24/60); liver 55.0%(33/60) and kidney 60.0%(36/60)} respectively. There was no significant association between residue occurrence and tissue type (χ2 (2) = 5.206; p = 0.074). Possible antimicrobial classes detected were: macrolid (50.0%) at pH 8.0 with Micrococcus luteus; β-lactams and tetracyclines (64.4%) with Bacillus subtillis at pH 6.0; sulphonamides (53.3%) at pH 7.2 with Bacillus subtillis, and aminoglycosides (46.8%) at pH 8.0 with Bacillus subtillis. Twenty-fo...
Plants are important in the management and treatment of wounds. Their medicinal values lie in the... more Plants are important in the management and treatment of wounds. Their medicinal values lie in their phytochemical constituents. Palisota hirsuta Reichb. Ex Endl (Commelinaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of diseases and wounds. This study evaluates the effects of methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH) in post-surgical wound management, using incision and dead space wound models in rats. Thirty albino rats were used for each model (n=30) by assigning into 5 groups of 6 each. In the incision wound model, an incision wound created surgically on the dorsum of each rat was treated daily by topical application of: Petroleum Jelly (PJ, Group I), Cicatrin® powder (Group II), 1% w/w MLEPH (Group III), 2% w/w MLEPH (Group IV) and 4% w/w MLEPH (Group V) for 10 postoperative days. Wound breaking strength and histopathology were evaluated. In the dead space wound model, a sterilized polypropylene tube was implanted in the left groin region of each rat. They were treated or...
Relapse parasitaemia is a major setback in the chemotherapy of a late stage Trypanosoma brucei br... more Relapse parasitaemia is a major setback in the chemotherapy of a late stage Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. An aberrant serum biochemical profile resulting from a T. b. brucei infection in dogs has been attributed to multiple organ injuries resulting from the invasive nature of the organism. Therapy with diminazene aceturate alone has not been satisfactory. This study evaluated the effects of a secnidazole-diminazine aceturate (SEC-DA) combination therapy on parasitaemia and the serum biochemical profile after the late treatment of a T. b. brucei infection in dogs. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 3) as follows: Group A: uninfected nor treated; group B: infected without treatment; group C: infected and treated with DA (3.5 mg/kg) (DA-monotherapy) intramuscularly (i.m.) once; group D: infected and treated with SEC (100 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg); group E: in-fected and treated with SEC (200 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg) and group F: infected and treated with SEC ...
Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Family Compositae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine as a tonic and rem... more Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Family Compositae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine as a tonic and remedy against constipation, fever, high blood pressure, and many infectious diseases. We have evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of an aqueous extract of V. amygdalina leaves against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice in vivo. Activities of liver marker enzymes in serum (glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin levels were determined colorimetrically, while catalase activity, lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), iron, and total protein concentrations were measured in liver homogenate. Acetaminophen challenge (300 mg/kg, i.p) for 7 days caused significant (P < .01) increases in the levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, TBARS, and iron, while catalase activity and total protein level were reduced significantly (P < .01). Preadministration of V. amygdalina resulted in a dose-dependent (50-100 mg/kg) reversal of acetaminophen-induced alterations of all the liver function parameters by 51.9-84.9%. Suppression of acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress by the extract was also dose-dependent (50-100 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that V. amygdalina elicits hepatoprotectivity through antioxidant activity on acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in mice.
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of th... more Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (MLEAO) on the hematology of chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). A total of 200 6-week-old cockerels, randomly assigned to eight groups (A, B, C, D, E. F, G, and H) of 25 each, were used for the study. Groups A, B, and C chickens (prophylactic groups) were drenched orally with MLEAO at the doses of 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg body weight, respectively for 7 days before challenge with vNDV. Chickens in all groups, except group H, were then challenged with vNDV. When clinical signs of Newcastle disease appeared, groups D, E, and F chickens (therapeutic groups) were drenched with 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg MLEAO, respectively for 7 days. Group G was untreated but challenged while group H was untreated and unchallenged. Hematological evaluations followed standard procedures. The study showed that prophylactic treatment at 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg and therapeutic treatment at 300 mg/kg led to significant (p &lt; 0.05) higher white blood cell count but prophylactic treatment at 300 mg/kg, led to significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lowering of the erythrocytic profile. It was concluded that prophylactic administration of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract at all doses as used in this study and its therapeutic administration at 300 mg/kg enhanced white blood cell mobilization and response to challenge with vNDV infection in chickens.
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of th... more Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aims of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale (MLEAO) on the hematology of chickens infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). A total of 200 6-week-old cockerels, randomly assigned to eight groups (A, B, C, D, E. F, G, and H) of 25 each, were used for the study. Groups A, B, and C chickens (prophylactic groups) were drenched orally with MLEAO at the doses of 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg body weight, respectively for 7 days before challenge with vNDV. Chickens in all groups, except group H, were then challenged with vNDV. When clinical signs of Newcastle disease appeared, groups D, E, and F chickens (therapeutic groups) were drenched with 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg MLEAO, respectively for 7 days. Group G was untreated but challenged while group H was untreated and unchallenged. Hematological evaluations followed standard procedures. The study showed that prophylactic treatment at 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg and therapeutic treatment at 300 mg/kg led to significant (p < 0.05) higher white blood cell count but prophylactic treatment at 300 mg/kg, led to significantly (p < 0.05) lowering of the erythrocytic profile. It was concluded that prophylactic administration of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract at all doses as used in this study and its therapeutic administration at 300 mg/kg enhanced white blood cell mobilization and response to challenge with vNDV infection in chickens.
Synthesis, electronic, infrared, elemental micro analytical studies were carried on N-(benzothiaz... more Synthesis, electronic, infrared, elemental micro analytical studies were carried on N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)trichloroethanamide [4] and N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)chloroethanamide [5]. They were also screened in vitro and in vivo for antibacterial activity. The results indicate that the compounds are very stable and that they show high antibacterial activities against both grampositive and gram-negative bacteria tested. Both derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazole were active against the multiresistant bacteria with IZD ranging from 9 -18 mm [5] and 9 – 20mm [4]. From the MIC results it is observed that the [5] derivative produced a better antibacterial activity than the [4] derivative. The lethal concentrations (LC50) of the compounds were also determined. Their solubilities and melting points were also determined.
Background and Aim: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial used in the treatment of a varie... more Background and Aim: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections in poultry, its residue in tissues is known to have a deleterious effect in man when consumed. The study aimed to determine the use of gentamicin by poultry farmers and the presence and occurrence of gentamicin residue in tissues of commercial broilers in Ikpa slaughterhouse Nsukka. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey using questionnaire and immunological screening. A total of 108 broilers were sampled, testing 108 each of muscle, liver, and kidney tissues for gentamicin residue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The questionnaire survey revealed that in the management practices, 55.2% of the farms used intensive deep litter, 21% intensive battery cage, and 23.6% extensive farming system. Twenty-seven (71%) farms reared only broilers, 10.5% layers, and 18.4% both. The feeding management showed that 21.1% of farmers p...
The effects of 28-day oral administration of the methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH... more The effects of 28-day oral administration of the methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH) on biochemical, hematological parameters, and relative organ weights (ROWs) in albino rats were investigated. There were no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the ROW of the heart, kidney, spleen, and liver on days 14 and 28 in all the rats given the different doses of MLEPH. The hematology showed that there were no significant (p > 0.05) alterations of the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, total white blood cell (tWBC), and differential WBC counts by MLEPH at 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg when compared with control. The serum biochemistry also revealed no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, total bilirubin, and creatinine when the groups that received the extract at the different doses were compared with the control. Therefore, MLEPH did not cause significant toxicity after 28 days of oral administration.
The methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia subcordata obtained by macerating dried and pulverized l... more The methanolic leaf extract of Triclisia subcordata obtained by macerating dried and pulverized leaves in 50 percent methanol f a 48 hour produced relaxant effects in the rabbit jejunum and rat fundus (stomach), but produced contractile effects in the rat uterus. The effective concentration (ECso 0.07 mg/ml) of the extract in the rat jejunum was determined from a plot of the percent relaxation of the tissue against the log concentration of the extract. No observable effects in the guinea pig ileum were produced by the extract. Effects of extract on jejunum, rat fundus, and uterus were antagonized by histamine. The effects of the extract appeared to be mediated through H2receptor blocking activity.
Background: Consumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleterious if... more Background: Consumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleterious if they contain violative levels of the residues. This study determined antimicrobial residues prevalence in broilers sold at Ikpa market, Nsukka, Nigeria. Methods: Tissues from muscle, liver and kidney of 60 commercial broilers (180 samples) were tested for antimicrobial residues using the conventional Four Plate Test. Result: Prevalence of 80.0% (48/60) and 51.7% (93/180) was recorded in the birds and samples {muscle 40.0%(24/60); liver 55.0%(33/60) and kidney 60.0%(36/60)} respectively. There was no significant association between residue occurrence and tissue type (χ2 (2) = 5.206; p = 0.074). Possible antimicrobial classes detected were: macrolid (50.0%) at pH 8.0 with Micrococcus luteus; β-lactams and tetracyclines (64.4%) with Bacillus subtillis at pH 6.0; sulphonamides (53.3%) at pH 7.2 with Bacillus subtillis, and aminoglycosides (46.8%) at pH 8.0 with Bacillus subtillis. Twenty-four tissue samples were positive at all four pH levels indicating use of more than one class of antimicrobials during each treatment. Conclusion: Antimicrobial residues were detected in commercial broilers (muscles, liver and kidney) sampled at Ikpa Market, Nsukka. This is of public health importance given that antimicrobial residues are not monitored in poultry consumed in Nigeria.
Background: The effects of low radiation exposures are naturally harmful to the humans and in thi... more Background: The effects of low radiation exposures are naturally harmful to the humans and in this study we aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of Gongronema latifolium extracts (GLE) against radiation induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Forty eight rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group had two sub-groups; (i) normal control (NC) was neither irradiated nor treated with GLE and (ii) irradiated control (IC) was irradiated (with 4 and 6 Gy) but no GLE treatment. The experimental group also had two sub-groups; (i) pre-treated (PRT) was treated with GLE before irradiation and (ii) post-treated (PST) was irradiated before treatment with GLE. Radioprotective effects were measured by noting changes in biochemical parameters of liver, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants enzymes and changes in body weight that occurred in the sub-groups. ANOVA with Tukey’s test were used to determine significance differences in the sub-groups. Results...
The study evaluated the haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity of hydro-methanol root... more The study evaluated the haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity of hydro-methanol root extract of Anarcaduim occidentale (AO) in cockerels. Forty chickens randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 10 birds each were used for the experiment. Groups A, B, C and D received 3000, 1500 and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract and distilled water respectively. Relative weights, haematology, serum biochemistry, gross and histopathological features of the lymphoid organs of chickens were studied. No significant (P>0.05) variation was observed in their body weights. The white blood cell count of group A chicken were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of groups B and C chickens. Serum biochemistry tests revealed significant (P<0.05) variations at different doses for the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, uric acid, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus activities when compared to the cont...
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol seed extract of Carica papaya in mi... more Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol seed extract of Carica papaya in mice and rats
ABSTRACTBackgroundConsumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleteri... more ABSTRACTBackgroundConsumption of animal tissues treated with antimicrobial agents may be deleterious if they contain violative levels of the residues. This study determined antimicrobial residues prevalence in broilers sold at Ikpa market, Nsukka, Nigeria.MethodsTissues from muscle, liver and kidney of 60 commercial broilers (180 samples) were tested for antimicrobial residues using the conventional Four Plate Test.ResultPrevalence of 80.0% (48/60) and 51.7% (93/180) was recorded in the birds and samples {muscle 40.0%(24/60); liver 55.0%(33/60) and kidney 60.0%(36/60)} respectively. There was no significant association between residue occurrence and tissue type (χ2 (2) = 5.206; p = 0.074). Possible antimicrobial classes detected were: macrolid (50.0%) at pH 8.0 with Micrococcus luteus; β-lactams and tetracyclines (64.4%) with Bacillus subtillis at pH 6.0; sulphonamides (53.3%) at pH 7.2 with Bacillus subtillis, and aminoglycosides (46.8%) at pH 8.0 with Bacillus subtillis. Twenty-fo...
Plants are important in the management and treatment of wounds. Their medicinal values lie in the... more Plants are important in the management and treatment of wounds. Their medicinal values lie in their phytochemical constituents. Palisota hirsuta Reichb. Ex Endl (Commelinaceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of diseases and wounds. This study evaluates the effects of methanol leaf extract of Palisota hirsuta (MLEPH) in post-surgical wound management, using incision and dead space wound models in rats. Thirty albino rats were used for each model (n=30) by assigning into 5 groups of 6 each. In the incision wound model, an incision wound created surgically on the dorsum of each rat was treated daily by topical application of: Petroleum Jelly (PJ, Group I), Cicatrin® powder (Group II), 1% w/w MLEPH (Group III), 2% w/w MLEPH (Group IV) and 4% w/w MLEPH (Group V) for 10 postoperative days. Wound breaking strength and histopathology were evaluated. In the dead space wound model, a sterilized polypropylene tube was implanted in the left groin region of each rat. They were treated or...
Relapse parasitaemia is a major setback in the chemotherapy of a late stage Trypanosoma brucei br... more Relapse parasitaemia is a major setback in the chemotherapy of a late stage Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. An aberrant serum biochemical profile resulting from a T. b. brucei infection in dogs has been attributed to multiple organ injuries resulting from the invasive nature of the organism. Therapy with diminazene aceturate alone has not been satisfactory. This study evaluated the effects of a secnidazole-diminazine aceturate (SEC-DA) combination therapy on parasitaemia and the serum biochemical profile after the late treatment of a T. b. brucei infection in dogs. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 3) as follows: Group A: uninfected nor treated; group B: infected without treatment; group C: infected and treated with DA (3.5 mg/kg) (DA-monotherapy) intramuscularly (i.m.) once; group D: infected and treated with SEC (100 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg); group E: in-fected and treated with SEC (200 mg/kg) and DA (3.5 mg/kg) and group F: infected and treated with SEC ...
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