The article presents the results of the research on thermal actions on the materials occurring in... more The article presents the results of the research on thermal actions on the materials occurring in the cross section along the depth of the bridge deck and bituminous pavement during its construction. The impulse to curried out the research was the need to explain the causes of the blistering of bituminous waterproofing membranes and asphalt pavements often observed on the bridge decks. The paper presents the examples of such failures and the analyses of possible mechanisms of the phenomenon. Research indicates a significant influence of all technological processes on the temperature of materials in the cross section as well as daily temperature changes. The probability of initiation of reactions between concrete components with gaseous products has been confirmed in such conditions. The susceptibility of bituminous materials to gas emission and blistering is the subject of a separate study. The research was part of a research project carried out under the contract INNOTECHK3/IN3/50/...
La réparation et le renforcement des structures existantes en béton comptent parmi les plus impor... more La réparation et le renforcement des structures existantes en béton comptent parmi les plus importants défis auxquels les ingénieurs civils sont confrontés aujourd'hui et qu'ils devront relever dans les années à venir. Les préoccupations actuelles concernant le développement durable favorisent la réfection au détriment de la construction neuve et ne peuvent que renforcer cette tendance. Des efforts concertés de la part des scientifiques et ingénieurs sont encore nécessaires afin d'améliorer la conception des réparations en béton et d'en assurer la qualité et la fiabilité attendues. L'un des aspects essentiels de la durabilité des réparations en béton et des revêtements ou traitements de surface est la qualité de l'adhérence entre le matériau de réparation et le béton existant. Le présent article résume les principales conclusions de travaux réalisés en collaboration en vue d'identifier les facteurs influençant l'adhérence des réparations (la rugosité,...
ABSTRACT The three non-destructive testing methods: the indirect ultrasonic pulse velocity, impac... more ABSTRACT The three non-destructive testing methods: the indirect ultrasonic pulse velocity, impact-echo and ground-penetrating radar, implemented in the scanner UIR, were used to study the concrete slabs reinforced with well-defined and artificial defects. The results confirmed the high potential of combined methods for detecting defects in concrete structures.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 2015
Adhesion in repair systems is one of the most important factors affecting their durability. Elabo... more Adhesion in repair systems is one of the most important factors affecting their durability. Elaboration of a reliable nondestructive test method to perform an adhesion mapping is one of the most important tasks. A majority of NDT methods applicable for the assessment of concrete structures are based on the propagation of various types of stress waves. In this paper, the influence of the repair material type (polymer-cement or polymer) and quality of the concrete substrate (roughness, microcracking, not cleaned surface) upon propagation of stress waves in a repair system was studied in view of developing a reliable NDT procedure for the field assessment of bond quality in concrete repairs.
This paper presents fiber-reinforced polymer composites which were modified by fibers hybridizati... more This paper presents fiber-reinforced polymer composites which were modified by fibers hybridization as well as matrix nanomodifiaction with nanosilica. The article analyzed the nanosilica matrix modification and basalt-carbon hybridization’s effect on key properties of composites use as the main reinforcement in concrete structures. The comparative analysis was based on results of bars strength parameters determined in a shear test with the ASTM standard. The tests were performed for three bar diameters at room temperature and pre-heated FRP composites at 80 °C and 200 °C for 2 h with the aim of verifying the influence of the fiber hybridization-basalt-carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP) bars and the effect of nanosilica modification of the epoxy matrix (nHFRP). The test results were also compared with results of the shear test carried out after the bars were heated to 80 °C for 30 min in order to verify and evaluate the effect of the heating time. These types of tests are releva...
One of the main concerns that limit the widespread use of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) bars as... more One of the main concerns that limit the widespread use of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is their relatively unexplored response to elevated temperatures. The behaviour of FRP reinforcement at elevated temperature as well as their post-fire behaviour can be different from conventional reinforcement and depends on the properties of the constituents of the bars. Therefore, the fire resistance of FRP-RC structures is an important issue that needs careful investigation before FRP reinforcement can be implemented in RC structures. The experimental results for full-scale FRP-RC beams subjected to specific fire action were presented and discussed in this paper. The specimens were exposed to heat in the mid-section from below (tension zone) and from the sides. As one of the main aims was to examine the influence of different reinforcement configurations, the testing was made for concrete beams reinforced with three diff...
The article discusses one of the methods of dielectric constant determination in a continuous way... more The article discusses one of the methods of dielectric constant determination in a continuous way, which is the determination of its value based on the amplitude of the wave reflected from the surface. Based on tests performed on model asphalt slabs, it was presented how the value of the dielectric constant changes depending on the atmospheric conditions of the measured surface (dry, covered with water film, covered with ice, covered with snow, covered with de-icing salt). Coefficients correcting dielectric constants of hot mix asphalt (HMA) determined in various surface atmospheric conditions were introduced. It was proposed to determine the atmospheric conditions of the pavement with the use of wavelet analysis in order to choose the proper dielectric constant correction coefficient and therefore improve the accuracy of the pavement layer thickness estimation based on the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method.
This paper presents research dealing with the evaluation of the efficiency of concrete repairs wi... more This paper presents research dealing with the evaluation of the efficiency of concrete repairs with polymer-cement mortars made at low temperatures with two types of cement and modified by copolymer acrylic-styrene. The low temperature used for the tests, of about 8 °C, is representative for Central Europe, and was established based on the analysis of mean temperatures in Poland during the last 45 years. A comparative analysis of the basic properties of the mortar tested, important from the point of view of repair efficiency, was performed, i.e., flexural and compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, adhesion to the substrate, and porosity for mortars applied and cured at 8 °C and 21°, respectively. The studies were conducted using standard methods and supported with an assessment of microscopic images (1000× magnification). It was shown that when the temperature of polymer-cement composite (PCC) mortar application is lowered to values slightly exceeding the minimum film-forming ...
ABSTRACT The forces are calculated between a sliding grain boundary and three separate types of d... more ABSTRACT The forces are calculated between a sliding grain boundary and three separate types of dislocation: screw, edge with b parallel to the boundary, and edge with b perpendicular to the boundary. In the model the boundary requires a non-zero threshold stress before it begins to slide.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of the type of activator on the formulation of mo... more The aim of this work was to study the influence of the type of activator on the formulation of modified fly ash based geopolymer mortars. Geopolymer and alkali-activated materials (AAM) were made from fly ashes derived from coal and biomass combustion in thermal power plants. Basic activators (NaOH, CaO, and Na2SiO3) were mixed with fly ashes in order to develop binding properties other than those resulting from the use of Portland cement. The results showed that the mortars with 5 mol/dm3 of NaOH and 100 g of Na2SiO3 (N5-S22) gave a greater compressive strength than other mixes. The compressive strengths of analyzed fly ash mortars with activators N5-S22 and N5-C10 (5 mol/dm3 NaOH and 10% CaO) varied from 14.3 MPa to 5.9 MPa. The better properties of alkali-activated mortars with regular fly ash were influenced by a larger amount of amorphous silica and alumina phases. Scanning electron microscopy and calorimetry analysis provided a better understanding of the observed mechanisms.
The article presents the results of the research on thermal actions on the materials occurring in... more The article presents the results of the research on thermal actions on the materials occurring in the cross section along the depth of the bridge deck and bituminous pavement during its construction. The impulse to curried out the research was the need to explain the causes of the blistering of bituminous waterproofing membranes and asphalt pavements often observed on the bridge decks. The paper presents the examples of such failures and the analyses of possible mechanisms of the phenomenon. Research indicates a significant influence of all technological processes on the temperature of materials in the cross section as well as daily temperature changes. The probability of initiation of reactions between concrete components with gaseous products has been confirmed in such conditions. The susceptibility of bituminous materials to gas emission and blistering is the subject of a separate study. The research was part of a research project carried out under the contract INNOTECHK3/IN3/50/...
La réparation et le renforcement des structures existantes en béton comptent parmi les plus impor... more La réparation et le renforcement des structures existantes en béton comptent parmi les plus importants défis auxquels les ingénieurs civils sont confrontés aujourd'hui et qu'ils devront relever dans les années à venir. Les préoccupations actuelles concernant le développement durable favorisent la réfection au détriment de la construction neuve et ne peuvent que renforcer cette tendance. Des efforts concertés de la part des scientifiques et ingénieurs sont encore nécessaires afin d'améliorer la conception des réparations en béton et d'en assurer la qualité et la fiabilité attendues. L'un des aspects essentiels de la durabilité des réparations en béton et des revêtements ou traitements de surface est la qualité de l'adhérence entre le matériau de réparation et le béton existant. Le présent article résume les principales conclusions de travaux réalisés en collaboration en vue d'identifier les facteurs influençant l'adhérence des réparations (la rugosité,...
ABSTRACT The three non-destructive testing methods: the indirect ultrasonic pulse velocity, impac... more ABSTRACT The three non-destructive testing methods: the indirect ultrasonic pulse velocity, impact-echo and ground-penetrating radar, implemented in the scanner UIR, were used to study the concrete slabs reinforced with well-defined and artificial defects. The results confirmed the high potential of combined methods for detecting defects in concrete structures.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences, 2015
Adhesion in repair systems is one of the most important factors affecting their durability. Elabo... more Adhesion in repair systems is one of the most important factors affecting their durability. Elaboration of a reliable nondestructive test method to perform an adhesion mapping is one of the most important tasks. A majority of NDT methods applicable for the assessment of concrete structures are based on the propagation of various types of stress waves. In this paper, the influence of the repair material type (polymer-cement or polymer) and quality of the concrete substrate (roughness, microcracking, not cleaned surface) upon propagation of stress waves in a repair system was studied in view of developing a reliable NDT procedure for the field assessment of bond quality in concrete repairs.
This paper presents fiber-reinforced polymer composites which were modified by fibers hybridizati... more This paper presents fiber-reinforced polymer composites which were modified by fibers hybridization as well as matrix nanomodifiaction with nanosilica. The article analyzed the nanosilica matrix modification and basalt-carbon hybridization’s effect on key properties of composites use as the main reinforcement in concrete structures. The comparative analysis was based on results of bars strength parameters determined in a shear test with the ASTM standard. The tests were performed for three bar diameters at room temperature and pre-heated FRP composites at 80 °C and 200 °C for 2 h with the aim of verifying the influence of the fiber hybridization-basalt-carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP) bars and the effect of nanosilica modification of the epoxy matrix (nHFRP). The test results were also compared with results of the shear test carried out after the bars were heated to 80 °C for 30 min in order to verify and evaluate the effect of the heating time. These types of tests are releva...
One of the main concerns that limit the widespread use of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) bars as... more One of the main concerns that limit the widespread use of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is their relatively unexplored response to elevated temperatures. The behaviour of FRP reinforcement at elevated temperature as well as their post-fire behaviour can be different from conventional reinforcement and depends on the properties of the constituents of the bars. Therefore, the fire resistance of FRP-RC structures is an important issue that needs careful investigation before FRP reinforcement can be implemented in RC structures. The experimental results for full-scale FRP-RC beams subjected to specific fire action were presented and discussed in this paper. The specimens were exposed to heat in the mid-section from below (tension zone) and from the sides. As one of the main aims was to examine the influence of different reinforcement configurations, the testing was made for concrete beams reinforced with three diff...
The article discusses one of the methods of dielectric constant determination in a continuous way... more The article discusses one of the methods of dielectric constant determination in a continuous way, which is the determination of its value based on the amplitude of the wave reflected from the surface. Based on tests performed on model asphalt slabs, it was presented how the value of the dielectric constant changes depending on the atmospheric conditions of the measured surface (dry, covered with water film, covered with ice, covered with snow, covered with de-icing salt). Coefficients correcting dielectric constants of hot mix asphalt (HMA) determined in various surface atmospheric conditions were introduced. It was proposed to determine the atmospheric conditions of the pavement with the use of wavelet analysis in order to choose the proper dielectric constant correction coefficient and therefore improve the accuracy of the pavement layer thickness estimation based on the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method.
This paper presents research dealing with the evaluation of the efficiency of concrete repairs wi... more This paper presents research dealing with the evaluation of the efficiency of concrete repairs with polymer-cement mortars made at low temperatures with two types of cement and modified by copolymer acrylic-styrene. The low temperature used for the tests, of about 8 °C, is representative for Central Europe, and was established based on the analysis of mean temperatures in Poland during the last 45 years. A comparative analysis of the basic properties of the mortar tested, important from the point of view of repair efficiency, was performed, i.e., flexural and compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, adhesion to the substrate, and porosity for mortars applied and cured at 8 °C and 21°, respectively. The studies were conducted using standard methods and supported with an assessment of microscopic images (1000× magnification). It was shown that when the temperature of polymer-cement composite (PCC) mortar application is lowered to values slightly exceeding the minimum film-forming ...
ABSTRACT The forces are calculated between a sliding grain boundary and three separate types of d... more ABSTRACT The forces are calculated between a sliding grain boundary and three separate types of dislocation: screw, edge with b parallel to the boundary, and edge with b perpendicular to the boundary. In the model the boundary requires a non-zero threshold stress before it begins to slide.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of the type of activator on the formulation of mo... more The aim of this work was to study the influence of the type of activator on the formulation of modified fly ash based geopolymer mortars. Geopolymer and alkali-activated materials (AAM) were made from fly ashes derived from coal and biomass combustion in thermal power plants. Basic activators (NaOH, CaO, and Na2SiO3) were mixed with fly ashes in order to develop binding properties other than those resulting from the use of Portland cement. The results showed that the mortars with 5 mol/dm3 of NaOH and 100 g of Na2SiO3 (N5-S22) gave a greater compressive strength than other mixes. The compressive strengths of analyzed fly ash mortars with activators N5-S22 and N5-C10 (5 mol/dm3 NaOH and 10% CaO) varied from 14.3 MPa to 5.9 MPa. The better properties of alkali-activated mortars with regular fly ash were influenced by a larger amount of amorphous silica and alumina phases. Scanning electron microscopy and calorimetry analysis provided a better understanding of the observed mechanisms.
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