2015 International Conference on Control Communication & Computing India (ICCC), 2015
Machine to machine (M2M) communication in the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) proposes a wide ... more Machine to machine (M2M) communication in the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) proposes a wide variety of capabilities in all segments of automation. Smart phones and tablet PCs with advanced operating systems become more powerful in terms of computing capabilities and popularity. Smart phones can be used as an effective tool for providing user interface for many of the IoT applications in accordance with their popularity. In this paper we propose the novel concept of driver encapsulation, there by simplifying the usage of smart phones as an effective tool for providing user interface for IoT applications. The proposed method eliminates the need for internet connectivity for downloading driver software from the play store, which in some cases are hindered due to connectivity issues. The idea of encapsulation of driver software on the host machine hardware and thereby transferring the driver to the controlling device using Bluetooth/Wi-Fi is proposed. The paper further analyses different IoT protocols for compatibility with smart phones and proposes methods for interoperability. The concepts described in this paper are evaluated with Arduino and compatibles.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Many countries worldwide are set to include Electric Vehicles (EV) as a prime element in transpor... more Many countries worldwide are set to include Electric Vehicles (EV) as a prime element in transportation policy owing to political polarization to combat climate changes. Circumstances are conducive to a sustainable mobility paradigm and have accelerated the adoption of EVs. The situation demands the deployment of charging infrastructure at a faster pace. Smart Grid provides the pervasive support for the deployment of charge stations. But the charging infrastructure should scale beyond the frontiers of metropolitan geography. The paper proposes a heterogeneous network to support mobility to EV users utilizing the paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). A heterogeneous ad-hoc network of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) and mobile data communication is proposed to support mobility and scalability of the infrastructure. The proposed ad-hoc communication infrastructure utilizes LoRaWAN, a promising LPWAN technology characterized by a long-range at a narrow bandwidth. LoRaWAN employ...
The panoply of biosensors constituting Body Sensor Networks (BSN) is an imperative application of... more The panoply of biosensors constituting Body Sensor Networks (BSN) is an imperative application of the Internet of Things (IoT ) in Biomedical Engineering. Medical post-discharge monitoring is an emerging application of IoT where BSNs need to establish Low Power Networks (LPNs) for data exchange. Body sensors and radio forming BSNs are restricted in power especially when the patient is on the move. Power restr ictions impose low computational capability of transceivers along with the need for low power connectivity with the monitoring hub. This study investigates the suitability of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) as a modulation scheme for BSNs. CSS is characterized by inherent interference rejection properties and resilience to multipath fading and Doppler effects. Low power capability together with operation at Industry Scientific and Medical (ISM) band makes CSS ideal for setting up a low-cost ad-hoc network of bio-sensors in post-discharge monitoring. This study evaluates the suitabi...
2019 IEEE International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN)
Divergent modulation schemes have been proposed for Internet of Things (IoT). One specific applic... more Divergent modulation schemes have been proposed for Internet of Things (IoT). One specific application is sensor networks, where narrow band of data is required to be transferred for long distance and modulated signals are susceptible to interference. Chirps signals can traverse long distance and are resilient to White Gaussian Noise and Doppler effects. We analyze the performance of chirp spread spectrum as used in LoRa™physical layer for noise resilience. We evaluate Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) at ISM band 868 MHz for spreading factor 7 to 12 at bandwidth 125 kHz and sampling frequency 125Khz. Signals are transmitted through AWGN channel and are evaluated for Bit Error Rate (BER). Packet collisions and packet error rate were analyzed for simultaneous transmissions.
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is on the verge of commercialization. The success of LPWAN t... more Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is on the verge of commercialization. The success of LPWAN technologies lies in the robustness of the modulation scheme. LoRa is a significant protocol in the segment which uses Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) as the modulation scheme. CSS is proven to be robust, ultra-low power consuming and resilient to noise and Doppler effects. Though noise resilience is profound, we investigate issues that may arise as the network scale. Co-Spreading Factor (Co-SF) interference is identified as a major issue that limits the performance of the network. Co-SF interference eventuates when multiple nodes trying to uplink simultaneously at the same Spreading Factor (SF) and almost at the near transmitted power level. Co-SF interference leads to packet error and escalation in the packet on air time which results in performance deterioration. Findings are justified through simulation and experimentation. Possible reasons leading to interference are constringed. Recommendations to reduce the effect of Co-SF interference are suggested and validated through experimentation.
2015 International Conference on Control Communication & Computing India (ICCC), 2015
Machine to machine (M2M) communication in the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) proposes a wide ... more Machine to machine (M2M) communication in the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) proposes a wide variety of capabilities in all segments of automation. Smart phones and tablet PCs with advanced operating systems become more powerful in terms of computing capabilities and popularity. Smart phones can be used as an effective tool for providing user interface for many of the IoT applications in accordance with their popularity. In this paper we propose the novel concept of driver encapsulation, there by simplifying the usage of smart phones as an effective tool for providing user interface for IoT applications. The proposed method eliminates the need for internet connectivity for downloading driver software from the play store, which in some cases are hindered due to connectivity issues. The idea of encapsulation of driver software on the host machine hardware and thereby transferring the driver to the controlling device using Bluetooth/Wi-Fi is proposed. The paper further analyses different IoT protocols for compatibility with smart phones and proposes methods for interoperability. The concepts described in this paper are evaluated with Arduino and compatibles.
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Many countries worldwide are set to include Electric Vehicles (EV) as a prime element in transpor... more Many countries worldwide are set to include Electric Vehicles (EV) as a prime element in transportation policy owing to political polarization to combat climate changes. Circumstances are conducive to a sustainable mobility paradigm and have accelerated the adoption of EVs. The situation demands the deployment of charging infrastructure at a faster pace. Smart Grid provides the pervasive support for the deployment of charge stations. But the charging infrastructure should scale beyond the frontiers of metropolitan geography. The paper proposes a heterogeneous network to support mobility to EV users utilizing the paradigm of the Internet of Things (IoT). A heterogeneous ad-hoc network of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) and mobile data communication is proposed to support mobility and scalability of the infrastructure. The proposed ad-hoc communication infrastructure utilizes LoRaWAN, a promising LPWAN technology characterized by a long-range at a narrow bandwidth. LoRaWAN employ...
The panoply of biosensors constituting Body Sensor Networks (BSN) is an imperative application of... more The panoply of biosensors constituting Body Sensor Networks (BSN) is an imperative application of the Internet of Things (IoT ) in Biomedical Engineering. Medical post-discharge monitoring is an emerging application of IoT where BSNs need to establish Low Power Networks (LPNs) for data exchange. Body sensors and radio forming BSNs are restricted in power especially when the patient is on the move. Power restr ictions impose low computational capability of transceivers along with the need for low power connectivity with the monitoring hub. This study investigates the suitability of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) as a modulation scheme for BSNs. CSS is characterized by inherent interference rejection properties and resilience to multipath fading and Doppler effects. Low power capability together with operation at Industry Scientific and Medical (ISM) band makes CSS ideal for setting up a low-cost ad-hoc network of bio-sensors in post-discharge monitoring. This study evaluates the suitabi...
2019 IEEE International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN)
Divergent modulation schemes have been proposed for Internet of Things (IoT). One specific applic... more Divergent modulation schemes have been proposed for Internet of Things (IoT). One specific application is sensor networks, where narrow band of data is required to be transferred for long distance and modulated signals are susceptible to interference. Chirps signals can traverse long distance and are resilient to White Gaussian Noise and Doppler effects. We analyze the performance of chirp spread spectrum as used in LoRa™physical layer for noise resilience. We evaluate Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) at ISM band 868 MHz for spreading factor 7 to 12 at bandwidth 125 kHz and sampling frequency 125Khz. Signals are transmitted through AWGN channel and are evaluated for Bit Error Rate (BER). Packet collisions and packet error rate were analyzed for simultaneous transmissions.
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is on the verge of commercialization. The success of LPWAN t... more Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) is on the verge of commercialization. The success of LPWAN technologies lies in the robustness of the modulation scheme. LoRa is a significant protocol in the segment which uses Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) as the modulation scheme. CSS is proven to be robust, ultra-low power consuming and resilient to noise and Doppler effects. Though noise resilience is profound, we investigate issues that may arise as the network scale. Co-Spreading Factor (Co-SF) interference is identified as a major issue that limits the performance of the network. Co-SF interference eventuates when multiple nodes trying to uplink simultaneously at the same Spreading Factor (SF) and almost at the near transmitted power level. Co-SF interference leads to packet error and escalation in the packet on air time which results in performance deterioration. Findings are justified through simulation and experimentation. Possible reasons leading to interference are constringed. Recommendations to reduce the effect of Co-SF interference are suggested and validated through experimentation.
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