There are a huge number of phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); however, these may represent gene trees that may not be congruent with the species tree. A solution to this problem is to include additional, independent,... more
There are a huge number of phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); however, these may represent gene trees that may not be congruent with the species tree. A solution to this problem is to include additional, independent, loci from the nuclear genome. At fine taxonomic levels, i.e. between populations and closely related species, previously suggested nuclear markers such as
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Ascorbic acid is a major constituent of the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), used in Indian indigenous medicine. Aqueous extracts of the fruit and ascorbic acid equivalent to that in the fruit extract were fed to albino... more
Ascorbic acid is a major constituent of the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), used in Indian indigenous medicine. Aqueous extracts of the fruit and ascorbic acid equivalent to that in the fruit extract were fed to albino mice for 7 consecutive days, followed by ...
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Cytotoxic effects of aluminium sulphate on root-tip cells of Allium sativum during a time-course study and during recovery were observed. The endpoints considered were mitotic index and frequencies of aberrant cells and micronuclei... more
Cytotoxic effects of aluminium sulphate on root-tip cells of Allium sativum during a time-course study and during recovery were observed. The endpoints considered were mitotic index and frequencies of aberrant cells and micronuclei induced. Chronic exposure induced mitotic depression and abnormal cells to a degree directly proportional to the concentration used and the period of treatment up to 24 h. A reduction of the early higher level of toxicity was noticed following 48 h of treatment and subsequent recovery in aluminium-free nutrient media in experiments carried out with lower concentrations.
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Oral administration of calcium, following by aluminium or together with Al, has been found to counteract the toxic effects of the latter metal as observed in histological preparations of liver, brain, kidney, and bone of laboratory albino... more
Oral administration of calcium, following by aluminium or together with Al, has been found to counteract the toxic effects of the latter metal as observed in histological preparations of liver, brain, kidney, and bone of laboratory albino rats. No such improvement was seen if Ca was administered after Al. The protection afforded by Ca against Al toxicity may be due to the previous occupation by Ca ions of the binding sites of Al ions in the affected organs.
Research Interests: Calcium, Drug interactions, Aluminum, Brain, Kidney, and 6 moreLiver, Animals, Rats, Body Weight, Bone and Bones, and binding sites
Oral administration of aluminium sulphate to laboratory bred Rattus norvegicus for prolonged period induced dose dependent inhibition of dividing cells and an increase in chromosomal aberrations. The effect was not influenced by the... more
Oral administration of aluminium sulphate to laboratory bred Rattus norvegicus for prolonged period induced dose dependent inhibition of dividing cells and an increase in chromosomal aberrations. The effect was not influenced by the duration of exposure. The toxicity of the two salts, aluminium sulphate and potassium aluminium sulphate, did not differ significantly at doses in which the metal contents were kept constant.
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Extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit and ascorbic acid were evaluated separately for protection against clastogenicity induced by lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) salts on mouse bone marrow chromosomes. Oral administration of Phyllanthus... more
Extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit and ascorbic acid were evaluated separately for protection against clastogenicity induced by lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) salts on mouse bone marrow chromosomes. Oral administration of Phyllanthus fruit extract (PFE) for 7 days before exposure to both metals by intraperitoneal injection increased the frequency of cell division and reduced the frequency of chromosome breaks significantly. Comparable doses of synthetic ascorbic acid (AA) were less effective and could protect against the effects of Al and only a low dose of Pb (10 mg/kg body weight). AA administered before treatment in mice given higher doses of Pb (40 mg/kg body weight) enhanced the frequency of chromosome breaks, giving a synergistic effect. The higher protection afforded by PFE may be due to the combined action of all ingredients, rather than to AA alone.
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Ascorbic acid is a major constituent of the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), used in Indian indigenous medicine. Aqueous extracts of the fruit and ascorbic acid equivalent to that in the fruit extract were fed to albino... more
Ascorbic acid is a major constituent of the fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), used in Indian indigenous medicine. Aqueous extracts of the fruit and ascorbic acid equivalent to that in the fruit extract were fed to albino mice for 7 consecutive days, followed by ...
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The genus Trifolium Leguminosae (Fabaceae), commonly called clovers, includes 237-290 annual and perennial species, of which about 20 are important as cultivated and pasture crops. Taxonomic distribution supported by molecular analysis... more
The genus Trifolium Leguminosae (Fabaceae), commonly called clovers, includes 237-290 annual and perennial species, of which about 20 are important as cultivated and pasture crops. Taxonomic distribution supported by molecular analysis indicates that Mediterranean region is one of the main centers of distribution of the genus and also a center of domestication and breeding. Self-incompatibility is prevalent in the genus, controlled by a single, multiallelic gene expressed gametophytically in the pollen. It was suggested that hybridity did not play a major role in the evolution of the genus due to the poor crossability of the species under natural conditions. Interspecific hybridization in the genus Trifolium by conventional crossing techniques has been largely unsuccessful. Post-zygotic barriers appear to be a primary cause of the reproductive isolation, associated with endosperm disintegration and consequent abnormal differentiation and starvation of the hybrid embryo. As hybridization using conventional techniques has almost failed in Trifolium, embryo culture technique was used by breeders to obtain new combinations of interspecific hybrids. Embryo culture has been effectively used in developing interspecific hybrids in Trifolium ambiguum, T. pratense, T. montanum, T. occidentale, T. isthomocarpum, T. repens, T. nigrescens, T. uniflorum, T. sarosiense, T. alexandrinum, T. apertum, T. resupinatum, T. constantinopolitanum, T. rubens, and T. alpestre in various combinations. The successful embryo -rescue and development of hybrid plantlets requires skilled techniques of tissue culture and field practices. It includes hybridization in field; excision of hybrid embryos at appropriate stage; disinfection and culture in suitable culture media to allow maturation of embryo, multiplication of shoots, and rooting; hardening of the plantlets; inoculation with suitable Rhizobium culture; and transfer to field.
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Z usammenfassung ................................................................................................................................... ........... 148 II. Uptake and Localization... more
Z usammenfassung ................................................................................................................................... ........... 148 II. Uptake and Localization .................................................. ... ... 9. Phosphorus ........... .................................................................................................................................. 156 C. ...
Research Interests: Plant Biology, Molecular Mechanics, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Plant growth, Nitrogen, and 15 moreNitrate Reductase, Nitrogen metabolism, Acid Soil, Forest ecosystem, Botanical, Metal ion, Cell Wall, Golgi Apparatus, Physical Properties, Binding Site, chlorophyll Content, Nucleic Acid, Cell Membrane, Metabolic energy, and Difference in Differences
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The embryo rescue technique was successfully used to raise hybrids between Trifolium alexandrinum and T. constantinopolitanum. As a result of its narrow genetic base, genetic improvement in Egyptian clover (syn. Berseem; T. alexandrinum),... more
The embryo rescue technique was successfully used to raise hybrids between Trifolium alexandrinum and T. constantinopolitanum. As a result of its narrow genetic base, genetic improvement in Egyptian clover (syn. Berseem; T. alexandrinum), an important fodder crop in tropical and subtropical countries, is hampered, thereby making it imperative to introduce alien genes from related species. In a conventional interspecific hybridization program, hybrids could not be raised due to post-fertilization barriers. Of the several combinations tried, pollination 2 days after emasculation was found to be the best. Globular embryos were observed 5-7 days after pollination (DAP), followed by heart-shaped embryos 10-12 DAP. Embryos excised at the heart-shaped stage responded well to EC3 culture medium. Of 612 crosses, 33 healthy embryos could be excised and cultured on EC3 medium. The plumule emerged 8-12 days following inoculation. The embryo-rescued plants were hardened, inoculated with Rhizobium and transferred to the field. The hybrids showed intermediate morphological features with reduced pollen fertility (55-65%) and a chromosomal complement of 2n = 16. Biochemical characterization using isozymes confirmed hybridity.
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... Some of these tetraploid accessions were previously characterized for cytological and meiotic behaviours (Jain et al. 2003, Kaushal et al. 2008), isozymes (Jain et al. 2006) and morphological diversity (Kaushal et al. 1999, Malaviya... more
... Some of these tetraploid accessions were previously characterized for cytological and meiotic behaviours (Jain et al. 2003, Kaushal et al. 2008), isozymes (Jain et al. 2006) and morphological diversity (Kaushal et al. 1999, Malaviya and Kaushal 2005). ...
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... Morphological characters such as leaf shape and size, branching pattern and profuse growth of the species closely resembles T. alexandrinum. T. apertum is also reported to possess a close affinity with T. alexandrinum (Duke 1981,... more
... Morphological characters such as leaf shape and size, branching pattern and profuse growth of the species closely resembles T. alexandrinum. T. apertum is also reported to possess a close affinity with T. alexandrinum (Duke 1981, Kumar et al. 2003, Malaviya et al. 2004). ...
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ABSTRACT Pollination behaviour and the extent of self-compatibility were studied in Trifolium alexandrinum, commonly known as Berseem or Egyptian clover, an important fodder legume cultivated in Egypt, the Mediterranean basin and the... more
ABSTRACT Pollination behaviour and the extent of self-compatibility were studied in Trifolium alexandrinum, commonly known as Berseem or Egyptian clover, an important fodder legume cultivated in Egypt, the Mediterranean basin and the Indian subcontinent. Four treatments were imposed on 16 populations comprising three diploid exotic, three diploid advanced breeding, five induced tetraploid and five diploid pentafoliate lines. The different treatments were open pollination, caging, hand tripping and controlled bee visits. Compared with the open pollinated condition, reduction in seed set in different populations ranged from 12.3 to 99.2% under caged condition. Eight of 16 populations registered more than 90% reduction in seed set. Hand tripping and/or controlled bee visits improved seed set considerably in a few populations, whereas, in one population, no significant effect of these four treatments was observed. The results indicated considerable variation for self-compatibility, together with a requirement of tripping for pollination and seed set, even in self-compatible lines.
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Oral administration of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus emblicu L. fruit and P . niruri L. leaves to laboratory bred albino mice for a week, significantly reduced the cytotoxic action of lead nitrate and aluminium sulphate. The frequency... more
Oral administration of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus emblicu L. fruit and P . niruri L. leaves to laboratory bred albino mice for a week, significantly reduced the cytotoxic action of lead nitrate and aluminium sulphate. The frequency of chromosomal breakages, gaps and ...
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Search by Subject Search using Medical Subject Headings (< b> MeSH</b>), a controlled vocabulary for indexing life sciences content.< br/> Note that... more
Search by Subject Search using Medical Subject Headings (< b> MeSH</b>), a controlled vocabulary for indexing life sciences content.< br/> Note that some records do not have MeSH. These include Patents and the latest PubMed and PubMed Central records.
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ABSTRACT
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... DR Malaviya*, B. Kumar, AK Roy, P. Kaushal and Aparna Tiwari Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi ... The genus Trifolium comprises of 290annual and perennial species of which the species... more
... DR Malaviya*, B. Kumar, AK Roy, P. Kaushal and Aparna Tiwari Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi ... The genus Trifolium comprises of 290annual and perennial species of which the species such as T. repens, T. hybridum, T ...
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Abha Jain, AK Roy, P. Kaushal, DR Malaviya and SN Zadoo* Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India; *Address for correspondence (e-mail: snzadoo@igfri.up.nic.in; phone: 91-517-2730666... more
Abha Jain, AK Roy, P. Kaushal, DR Malaviya and SN Zadoo* Crop Improvement Division, Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India; *Address for correspondence (e-mail: snzadoo@igfri.up.nic.in; phone: 91-517-2730666 (O), 91-517-2730018 (R); fax: ...
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Background The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a monotypic species in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae, 2n = 20), is an important non-edible oilseed crop widely cultivated in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate countries for its high... more
Background The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a monotypic species in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae, 2n = 20), is an important non-edible oilseed crop widely cultivated in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate countries for its high economic value. Because of the high level of ricinoleic acid (over 85%) in its seed oil, the castor bean seed derivatives are often used in aviation oil, lubricants, nylon, dyes, inks, soaps, adhesive and biodiesel. Due to lack of efficient molecular markers, little is known about the population genetic diversity and the genetic relationships among castor bean germplasm. Efficient and robust molecular markers are increasingly needed for breeding and improving varieties in castor bean. The advent of modern genomics has produced large amounts of publicly available DNA sequence data. In particular, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide valuable resources to develop gene-associated SSR markers. Results In total, 18,928 publicly available non-redundant ...
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In vitro regeneration of Trifolium glomeratum, a leguminous forage species, was attempted through leaf, petiole, cotyledon, hypocotyl, collar and root explants and two media combinations. Root and collar explants showed no callus... more
In vitro regeneration of Trifolium glomeratum, a leguminous forage species, was attempted through leaf, petiole, cotyledon, hypocotyl, collar and root explants and two media combinations. Root and collar explants showed no callus induction. Medium with 0.05 mg dm−3 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.10 mg dm−3 N6-benzyladenine (BA) was more effective for hypocotyl explant whereas cotyledon and petiole explant were more