Desde os tempos mais remotos, a morte provoca no ser humano sentimentos intensos e distintos, que... more Desde os tempos mais remotos, a morte provoca no ser humano sentimentos intensos e distintos, que na maioria das vezes se relacionam ao medo, inseguranca, curiosidade e tristeza. Nao diferente, atualmente observam-se os mesmos sentimentos, ja que essa passagem continua sendo uma incognita apesar de ser uma certeza a todos. Um dos momentos em que esses sentimentos me envolveram e marcaram minha vida foi no dia em que minha primeira paciente faleceu na minha presenca. Era uma senhora idosa, 80 anos, que, como medico, acompanhava sua enfermidade ha dois anos, um processo demencial associado a condicoes secundarias, como ulceras de pressao, desnutricao, atrofia muscular e dores generalizadas. No momento em que os sinais vitais da paciente desapareciam, quando a vida se findava, o semblante de sofrimento a deixava e uma nova feicao de paz se esbocava na face daquela que ja nao suportava a dor e o desconforto. Mesmo sendo medico, a morte nunca deixou de provocar sentimentos essencialmente humanos, de tristeza, impotencia e inseguranca. Naquele instante foi dificil nao imaginar a minha propria finitude e se passar diante dos meus olhos aqueles que se importam comigo ou dependem da minha existencia. Tambem tive um sentimento comum a todos, que e de sentir pelos nossos mortos, lamentar nossas dificuldades, nossos medos, uma catarse. Naquele momento, a ânsia de um profissional de saude e tentar reanimar e aplicar todo conhecimento na restauracao da vida, porem tratava-se de uma paciente sem expectativas e que o prolongamento de sua existencia seria estender o seu sofrimento, entao, deixei de lado meu egoismo, e, junto com a familia, resolvemos respeitar a dignidade de quem estava partindo e deixamos ela ir. Vejo sempre que esta atitude nao e facil, tampouco simples de ser encarada, mas deve ser avaliada individualmente, e o bom senso, a etica e o respeito devem prevalecer. Acredito que mesmo com o desenfreado progresso tecnico e cientifico, a morte nunca seguira esse avanco e permanecera encoberta de sentimentos. Palavras-chave: Morte. Sentimentos. Paciente terminal. Medico.
This project aims to underseek the effect of use of Accelerating admixture on the properties of ... more This project aims to underseek the effect of use of Accelerating admixture on the properties of concrete. As the accelerators boost the setting time and help in the development of early age strength what effect does it have on the workability,3,7and28days compressive strength. this is checked by comparing the accelerating admixture concrete and plain concrete Casting will be done for ordinary concrete & concrete containing admixture.Admixture used- Sodium nitriteAdmixture to be added in admixture concrete 2% & 3% by weight of cement
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Abstract Separation of floating oil/water and stable emulsions is important for the oil industrie... more Abstract Separation of floating oil/water and stable emulsions is important for the oil industries and the environment for profitability and environmental protection. In the present work, we report a simple method of making macroporous monoliths by ice-templating, followed by their surface hydrophobization by the adsorption of candle soot particles (CSPs). With an increase in the loading of nano-sized CSPs (average diameter 55 nm) on monoliths, their surface coverage by CSPs increased gradually. This resulted in an increase in water contact angle from 0o to ~130o, revealing increased and controllable hydrophobicity. Thus, hydrophilic, omniphilic, oleophilic, and elastic monoliths were easily obtained and used as sponges. Pristine monolith (S0) has its maximum absorption capacity of 30, 5, 6, and 7.5 times its weight for water, heptane, paraffin oil, and toluene, respectively. This suggested that although S0 is a good absorbent, it lacks selectivity for emulsion separation. In contrast, the one with complete and uniform surface coverage by CSPs (S5) showed its maximum absorption capacity of 2, 10, 12, 13 times its weight for water, heptane, paraffin oil, and toluene, respectively. Further, S5 was used for the separation of stable water-in-gasoline and water-in-toluene emulsions with separation efficiency of 95% of gasoline and 98% of toluene, respectively. This superior performance of S5 is attributed to its macroporous structure with uniform and complete surface coverage by CSPs.
We investigate the behavior of thermal quantum coherence in the Heisenberg XXX model for a two-qu... more We investigate the behavior of thermal quantum coherence in the Heisenberg XXX model for a two-qubit system placed in independently controllable Inhomogeneous magnetic fields applied to two qubits respectively. We discuss the behavior of quantum coherence by systematically varying the coupling parameter, magnetic field, and temperature for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases. The results show the interesting behavior of quantum coherence in a certain range of parameters. Generally, it is observed that quantum correlations decay with temperature, but in the ferromagnetic case with uniform magnetic interaction, it rises with temperature up to a certain threshold value and ultimately it decreases its value to zero. Moreover, it is observed that preserving the quantum coherence for small temperatures is very hard with the increasing magnetic field because, at small temperatures, quantum coherence decays sharply with the increase in magnetic field whereas at larger temperature...
Among many leadership styles, servant leadership is among recent style that is getting a wide ran... more Among many leadership styles, servant leadership is among recent style that is getting a wide range of attention and acceptance among business researchers and academia. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Servant leadership influence on teaching effectiveness. Data were collected through questionnaires from 480 students of two public sector universities KPK. Structured Equation Modeling (AMOS) was employed to test the hypotheses of the study. Three models were developed and tested. The results show that Servant Leadership had a positive but insignificant impact on teaching effectiveness; interesting findings are that individual dimensions of servant leadership had a strong positive and significant impact on teaching effectiveness. Thus, this paper provides in-depth analysis necessary for higher educational institutes and Business institutions, for practical and theoretical implications to adopt servant leadership at the workplace.
ABSTRACT Quality is the principal concern of all organizations and their survival and prosperity ... more ABSTRACT Quality is the principal concern of all organizations and their survival and prosperity directly depends, to a large part, on the quality of their services. Hospitals endeavor to deliver service with the acceptable quality to their clientele to maximize profit. Scholars are yet to develop consensus on definition and measurement of quality of service. Literature exhibits models to evaluate the quality of service; however, it does not present any mechanism to evaluate quality of services delivered by teaching hospitals. This study presents an exclusive model to evaluate service quality in teaching hospitals. In addition to healthcare services (cure and care), the model encompasses teaching aspect of hospital services. Thus this paper is a careful study of a large (2500 bedded) public sector teaching hospital. 400 patients, 250 employees, 200 general public and 250 students were administered with questionnaires followed by interviews. Hospital records were studied. In addition to this data was collected through observation. All that contribute to quality of services were classified into one of the three dimensions of the model. Since this model has been developed through inductive approach, it can safely be applied to evaluate quality of services of teaching hospitals with reliability and accuracy.
Abstract This study was conducted to assess the floristic composition, biological spectra and phe... more Abstract This study was conducted to assess the floristic composition, biological spectra and phenology of Tehsil Balakot. Frequent visits were made in different seasons during 2012–13. Field notebook was used to record the data within field. Biological spectrum and leaf sizes classes were determined. The floristic diversity revealed 228 plant species belonged to 184 genera and 72 families. Asteraceae family contributed maximum number of species (27) followed by Rosaceae (18), Apiaceae and Lamiaceae (12) species each, Papilionaceae (11) species while remaining 67 families contributed less than 10 species. Herbaceous growth form was the most leading one (71%), followed by shrub (15%) and tree (14%), respectively. Biological spectrum revealed that hemicryptophytes (32.45%) were the most prevalent, followed by therophytes (31.57%), nanophanerophytes (15.35%), megaphanerophytes (13.59%) and chamaephytes (4.38%). Leaf spectra showed that microphyll (28.94%) were dominant, followed by nanophyll (27.19%), leptophyll (22.80%), mesophyll (14.03%) and megaphyll (7.01%). The flora was influenced by two flowering seasons i.e. March to August and September to February. In the first spell, 193 species were recorded, of these 15.54% trees, 15.02% shrubs, 63.21% herbs, 3.62% grasses and 2.59% ferns; while in the second spell, there were 35 species having 2.85% trees, 17.14% shrubs, 74.28% herbs, and 5.71% grasses. The flowering data shows that June and July were the utmost flowering months with 28.50% in 65 and 20.17% in 46 plant species.
Introduction: For allogeneic stem cell donation it is current practice to mobilize with G-CSF bid... more Introduction: For allogeneic stem cell donation it is current practice to mobilize with G-CSF bid for 5 days. Here, the feasibility of mobilizing with a single injection of pegfiligrastim was examined in a phase II study with an emphasis on donor safety and product composition. Results: 28 sibling donors (14 female, 14 male) of median age 50 (range 22 - 69) years were included in the study. The median donor weight was 80 (range 45 - 119) kg and that of recipients was 75 (range 47 - 127) kg. Large volume apheresis (4 x total blood volume) was possible in 26 donors 4 days after the administration of pegfilgrastim 12 mg s.c. The aphereses were performed when CD34+cells exceeded 10/µl peripheral blood, median CD34+concentration prior to apheresis being 66.25 (range 22.8 - 136.6) cells/µl. White blood cell (WBC) concentration peaked on day 4 of stimulation with a median 52.55 (range 22.8 - 85) GPT/l. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased to a media...
We describe the preparation of macroporous monolithic structures by templating high internal phas... more We describe the preparation of macroporous monolithic structures by templating high internal phase emulsions with platelike aminoclay nanoparticles. We demonstrate that choice of surfactant affords control over pore structure within the monolith. Scanning electron microscopy shows that using anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) leads to the formation of closed pores that template oil droplets in the emulsion, whereas cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) results in the formation of a network-like structure that does not directly replicate the oil droplets. Of particular interest are monoliths prepared using nonionic surfactant (Pluronic F127); this results in the formation of an interconnected open pore monolith, which is soft, and exhibits remarkable elasticity: they can recover from compressive strains as large as 80%. As a consequence of this, these monoliths are robust and do not crack on air drying at room temperature despite experiencing large (≈ 45%) volume shrinkage. We inter...
Land ownership is considered as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and... more Land ownership is considered as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is recognized as a basic right in the modern world. It remains one of the most controversial issue throughout history, always in need of an appropriate definition suited to a nation’s political, social and economic conditions.While all liberal laws allow for certain reasonable restrictions on an absolute right to property for some public good, the challenge facing every country is where to draw the line against state interference into a person’s right to own and enjoy property. Especially in the modern world countries required more food production and the problem is that, some people have so much land area, and that a significant part of their lands is out of their power to cultivate accurately. Due to this reason much of land area remains barren. And in the other side some farmers who have not enough land, their half-power spend without receiving any fruit. Religion plays a Vitol role ...
Abstract Glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme is widely used as a sensing molecule for glucose and is thu... more Abstract Glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme is widely used as a sensing molecule for glucose and is thus immobilized in different porous hosts for sensing applications. We have synthesized different morphologies of mesoporous silica (SBA-15) host particles and impregnated GOD in it. Rod and cuboid shaped SBA-15 particles having internal pore diameters of 6.8 and 11.4 nm respectively, were synthesized, in order to measure enzyme activity. The latter primarily determines the performance of a glucose sensor. In this quest, we therefore developed a mathematical model to predict variation of glucose concentration with time, by considering diffusion, adsorption and reaction rates of glucose by immobilized GOD. The model was validated with our own experiments, by fitting diffusion coefficient of glucose inside mesopores and the competitive product inhibition constant of GOD. The validated model indicates that, specific activity of GOD immobilized in SBA-15 is lower at higher GOD loading. Thus, this provides insight into the effect of pore-confinement on diffusion and reaction kinetics of the substrate (glucose) by an immobilized enzyme (GOD). Understanding the interplay of chemical transport and reaction kinetics issues in a porous solid nanoparticle host (SBA-15) can lead to superior detection and measurement of glucose concentration.
A decrease in serum Mg(+2) is associated with airway hyper-reactivity and impaired pulmonary func... more A decrease in serum Mg(+2) is associated with airway hyper-reactivity and impaired pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to determine if decreased serum Mg(+2) levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with acute exacerbations. In a retrospective study, the charted serum Mg(+2) levels in 100 COPD patients were examined. These included 50 patients who presented with an acute exacerbation of COPD and 50 stable patients. Chart review was sequential within both groups. Serum Mg(2+) levels in the stable COPD patients averaged 0.91+/- 0.10 mmol/L (mean+/- SD) with a 95% CI of 0.88 - 0.94 mmol/L. Patients undergoing an exacerbation had significantly lower serum Mg(+2) levels (0.77+/- 0.10 mmol/L; CI, 0.74 - 0.79; p<0.0001). Logistic regression of the dichotomous outcomes as a function of serum Mg(+2) concentration demonstrated a highly significant association (chi(2)=41.26; p<10(-5)). These data were subjected to receiver-operator...
Metabolic acidosis secondary to lactic acidosis may occur in acute, severe asthma and its presenc... more Metabolic acidosis secondary to lactic acidosis may occur in acute, severe asthma and its presence suggests that respiratory muscle fatigue and tissue hypoxia play a major part in the pathogenesis. Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAG acidosis) has also been reported in acute asthma but its impact on the clinical outcome has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NAG acidosis, characterize the laboratory findings, and determine its impact on clinical outcomes. Acid-base and electrolyte status and clinical outcomes were examined over a 1-yr (2005 calendar yr) period in 109 adult patients (38 males, 71 females; age range 21 to 91 yr) hospitalized for asthma exacerbation. The cohort was divided into 3 groups: I. No metabolic acidosis (n = 66), II. Anion gap (AG) acidosis (n = 11), and III. NAG acidosis (n = 32). For each of the groups, laboratory findings were consistent, demonstrating a tendency to hyperchloremia in the NAG acidosis group. O...
ABSTRACT High activity of glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme (immobilized in porous silica particles) i... more ABSTRACT High activity of glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme (immobilized in porous silica particles) is desirable for a better glucose biosensor. In this work, effect of pore diameter of two porous hosts on enzyme immobilization, activity and glucose sensing was compared. The hosts were amine functionalized: (i) microporous silica (NH2-MS) and (ii) mesoporous silica (NH2-SBA-15). Based on whether the dimension of GOD is either larger or smaller than the pore diameter, GOD was immobilized on either external or internal surface of NH2-MS and NH2-SBA-15, with loadings of 512.5 and 634 mg/g, respectively. However, GOD in NH2-SBA-15 gave a higher normalized absolute activity (NAA), which led to an amperometric sensor with a larger linear range of 0.4-13.0 mM glucose. In comparison, GOD in NH2-MS had a lower NAA and a smaller linear range of 0.4-3.1 mM. In fact, the present GOD-NH2-SBA-15 electrode based sensor was better than other MS and SBA-15 based electrodes reported in literature. Thus, achieving only a high GOD loading (as in NH2-MS) does not necessarily give a good sensor performance. Instead, a host with a relatively larger pore than enzyme, together with optimized electrode composition ensures the sensor to be functional in both hyper- and hypoglycemic range.
Desde os tempos mais remotos, a morte provoca no ser humano sentimentos intensos e distintos, que... more Desde os tempos mais remotos, a morte provoca no ser humano sentimentos intensos e distintos, que na maioria das vezes se relacionam ao medo, inseguranca, curiosidade e tristeza. Nao diferente, atualmente observam-se os mesmos sentimentos, ja que essa passagem continua sendo uma incognita apesar de ser uma certeza a todos. Um dos momentos em que esses sentimentos me envolveram e marcaram minha vida foi no dia em que minha primeira paciente faleceu na minha presenca. Era uma senhora idosa, 80 anos, que, como medico, acompanhava sua enfermidade ha dois anos, um processo demencial associado a condicoes secundarias, como ulceras de pressao, desnutricao, atrofia muscular e dores generalizadas. No momento em que os sinais vitais da paciente desapareciam, quando a vida se findava, o semblante de sofrimento a deixava e uma nova feicao de paz se esbocava na face daquela que ja nao suportava a dor e o desconforto. Mesmo sendo medico, a morte nunca deixou de provocar sentimentos essencialmente humanos, de tristeza, impotencia e inseguranca. Naquele instante foi dificil nao imaginar a minha propria finitude e se passar diante dos meus olhos aqueles que se importam comigo ou dependem da minha existencia. Tambem tive um sentimento comum a todos, que e de sentir pelos nossos mortos, lamentar nossas dificuldades, nossos medos, uma catarse. Naquele momento, a ânsia de um profissional de saude e tentar reanimar e aplicar todo conhecimento na restauracao da vida, porem tratava-se de uma paciente sem expectativas e que o prolongamento de sua existencia seria estender o seu sofrimento, entao, deixei de lado meu egoismo, e, junto com a familia, resolvemos respeitar a dignidade de quem estava partindo e deixamos ela ir. Vejo sempre que esta atitude nao e facil, tampouco simples de ser encarada, mas deve ser avaliada individualmente, e o bom senso, a etica e o respeito devem prevalecer. Acredito que mesmo com o desenfreado progresso tecnico e cientifico, a morte nunca seguira esse avanco e permanecera encoberta de sentimentos. Palavras-chave: Morte. Sentimentos. Paciente terminal. Medico.
This project aims to underseek the effect of use of Accelerating admixture on the properties of ... more This project aims to underseek the effect of use of Accelerating admixture on the properties of concrete. As the accelerators boost the setting time and help in the development of early age strength what effect does it have on the workability,3,7and28days compressive strength. this is checked by comparing the accelerating admixture concrete and plain concrete Casting will be done for ordinary concrete & concrete containing admixture.Admixture used- Sodium nitriteAdmixture to be added in admixture concrete 2% & 3% by weight of cement
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Abstract Separation of floating oil/water and stable emulsions is important for the oil industrie... more Abstract Separation of floating oil/water and stable emulsions is important for the oil industries and the environment for profitability and environmental protection. In the present work, we report a simple method of making macroporous monoliths by ice-templating, followed by their surface hydrophobization by the adsorption of candle soot particles (CSPs). With an increase in the loading of nano-sized CSPs (average diameter 55 nm) on monoliths, their surface coverage by CSPs increased gradually. This resulted in an increase in water contact angle from 0o to ~130o, revealing increased and controllable hydrophobicity. Thus, hydrophilic, omniphilic, oleophilic, and elastic monoliths were easily obtained and used as sponges. Pristine monolith (S0) has its maximum absorption capacity of 30, 5, 6, and 7.5 times its weight for water, heptane, paraffin oil, and toluene, respectively. This suggested that although S0 is a good absorbent, it lacks selectivity for emulsion separation. In contrast, the one with complete and uniform surface coverage by CSPs (S5) showed its maximum absorption capacity of 2, 10, 12, 13 times its weight for water, heptane, paraffin oil, and toluene, respectively. Further, S5 was used for the separation of stable water-in-gasoline and water-in-toluene emulsions with separation efficiency of 95% of gasoline and 98% of toluene, respectively. This superior performance of S5 is attributed to its macroporous structure with uniform and complete surface coverage by CSPs.
We investigate the behavior of thermal quantum coherence in the Heisenberg XXX model for a two-qu... more We investigate the behavior of thermal quantum coherence in the Heisenberg XXX model for a two-qubit system placed in independently controllable Inhomogeneous magnetic fields applied to two qubits respectively. We discuss the behavior of quantum coherence by systematically varying the coupling parameter, magnetic field, and temperature for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic cases. The results show the interesting behavior of quantum coherence in a certain range of parameters. Generally, it is observed that quantum correlations decay with temperature, but in the ferromagnetic case with uniform magnetic interaction, it rises with temperature up to a certain threshold value and ultimately it decreases its value to zero. Moreover, it is observed that preserving the quantum coherence for small temperatures is very hard with the increasing magnetic field because, at small temperatures, quantum coherence decays sharply with the increase in magnetic field whereas at larger temperature...
Among many leadership styles, servant leadership is among recent style that is getting a wide ran... more Among many leadership styles, servant leadership is among recent style that is getting a wide range of attention and acceptance among business researchers and academia. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Servant leadership influence on teaching effectiveness. Data were collected through questionnaires from 480 students of two public sector universities KPK. Structured Equation Modeling (AMOS) was employed to test the hypotheses of the study. Three models were developed and tested. The results show that Servant Leadership had a positive but insignificant impact on teaching effectiveness; interesting findings are that individual dimensions of servant leadership had a strong positive and significant impact on teaching effectiveness. Thus, this paper provides in-depth analysis necessary for higher educational institutes and Business institutions, for practical and theoretical implications to adopt servant leadership at the workplace.
ABSTRACT Quality is the principal concern of all organizations and their survival and prosperity ... more ABSTRACT Quality is the principal concern of all organizations and their survival and prosperity directly depends, to a large part, on the quality of their services. Hospitals endeavor to deliver service with the acceptable quality to their clientele to maximize profit. Scholars are yet to develop consensus on definition and measurement of quality of service. Literature exhibits models to evaluate the quality of service; however, it does not present any mechanism to evaluate quality of services delivered by teaching hospitals. This study presents an exclusive model to evaluate service quality in teaching hospitals. In addition to healthcare services (cure and care), the model encompasses teaching aspect of hospital services. Thus this paper is a careful study of a large (2500 bedded) public sector teaching hospital. 400 patients, 250 employees, 200 general public and 250 students were administered with questionnaires followed by interviews. Hospital records were studied. In addition to this data was collected through observation. All that contribute to quality of services were classified into one of the three dimensions of the model. Since this model has been developed through inductive approach, it can safely be applied to evaluate quality of services of teaching hospitals with reliability and accuracy.
Abstract This study was conducted to assess the floristic composition, biological spectra and phe... more Abstract This study was conducted to assess the floristic composition, biological spectra and phenology of Tehsil Balakot. Frequent visits were made in different seasons during 2012–13. Field notebook was used to record the data within field. Biological spectrum and leaf sizes classes were determined. The floristic diversity revealed 228 plant species belonged to 184 genera and 72 families. Asteraceae family contributed maximum number of species (27) followed by Rosaceae (18), Apiaceae and Lamiaceae (12) species each, Papilionaceae (11) species while remaining 67 families contributed less than 10 species. Herbaceous growth form was the most leading one (71%), followed by shrub (15%) and tree (14%), respectively. Biological spectrum revealed that hemicryptophytes (32.45%) were the most prevalent, followed by therophytes (31.57%), nanophanerophytes (15.35%), megaphanerophytes (13.59%) and chamaephytes (4.38%). Leaf spectra showed that microphyll (28.94%) were dominant, followed by nanophyll (27.19%), leptophyll (22.80%), mesophyll (14.03%) and megaphyll (7.01%). The flora was influenced by two flowering seasons i.e. March to August and September to February. In the first spell, 193 species were recorded, of these 15.54% trees, 15.02% shrubs, 63.21% herbs, 3.62% grasses and 2.59% ferns; while in the second spell, there were 35 species having 2.85% trees, 17.14% shrubs, 74.28% herbs, and 5.71% grasses. The flowering data shows that June and July were the utmost flowering months with 28.50% in 65 and 20.17% in 46 plant species.
Introduction: For allogeneic stem cell donation it is current practice to mobilize with G-CSF bid... more Introduction: For allogeneic stem cell donation it is current practice to mobilize with G-CSF bid for 5 days. Here, the feasibility of mobilizing with a single injection of pegfiligrastim was examined in a phase II study with an emphasis on donor safety and product composition. Results: 28 sibling donors (14 female, 14 male) of median age 50 (range 22 - 69) years were included in the study. The median donor weight was 80 (range 45 - 119) kg and that of recipients was 75 (range 47 - 127) kg. Large volume apheresis (4 x total blood volume) was possible in 26 donors 4 days after the administration of pegfilgrastim 12 mg s.c. The aphereses were performed when CD34+cells exceeded 10/µl peripheral blood, median CD34+concentration prior to apheresis being 66.25 (range 22.8 - 136.6) cells/µl. White blood cell (WBC) concentration peaked on day 4 of stimulation with a median 52.55 (range 22.8 - 85) GPT/l. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased to a media...
We describe the preparation of macroporous monolithic structures by templating high internal phas... more We describe the preparation of macroporous monolithic structures by templating high internal phase emulsions with platelike aminoclay nanoparticles. We demonstrate that choice of surfactant affords control over pore structure within the monolith. Scanning electron microscopy shows that using anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) leads to the formation of closed pores that template oil droplets in the emulsion, whereas cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) results in the formation of a network-like structure that does not directly replicate the oil droplets. Of particular interest are monoliths prepared using nonionic surfactant (Pluronic F127); this results in the formation of an interconnected open pore monolith, which is soft, and exhibits remarkable elasticity: they can recover from compressive strains as large as 80%. As a consequence of this, these monoliths are robust and do not crack on air drying at room temperature despite experiencing large (≈ 45%) volume shrinkage. We inter...
Land ownership is considered as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and... more Land ownership is considered as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is recognized as a basic right in the modern world. It remains one of the most controversial issue throughout history, always in need of an appropriate definition suited to a nation’s political, social and economic conditions.While all liberal laws allow for certain reasonable restrictions on an absolute right to property for some public good, the challenge facing every country is where to draw the line against state interference into a person’s right to own and enjoy property. Especially in the modern world countries required more food production and the problem is that, some people have so much land area, and that a significant part of their lands is out of their power to cultivate accurately. Due to this reason much of land area remains barren. And in the other side some farmers who have not enough land, their half-power spend without receiving any fruit. Religion plays a Vitol role ...
Abstract Glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme is widely used as a sensing molecule for glucose and is thu... more Abstract Glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme is widely used as a sensing molecule for glucose and is thus immobilized in different porous hosts for sensing applications. We have synthesized different morphologies of mesoporous silica (SBA-15) host particles and impregnated GOD in it. Rod and cuboid shaped SBA-15 particles having internal pore diameters of 6.8 and 11.4 nm respectively, were synthesized, in order to measure enzyme activity. The latter primarily determines the performance of a glucose sensor. In this quest, we therefore developed a mathematical model to predict variation of glucose concentration with time, by considering diffusion, adsorption and reaction rates of glucose by immobilized GOD. The model was validated with our own experiments, by fitting diffusion coefficient of glucose inside mesopores and the competitive product inhibition constant of GOD. The validated model indicates that, specific activity of GOD immobilized in SBA-15 is lower at higher GOD loading. Thus, this provides insight into the effect of pore-confinement on diffusion and reaction kinetics of the substrate (glucose) by an immobilized enzyme (GOD). Understanding the interplay of chemical transport and reaction kinetics issues in a porous solid nanoparticle host (SBA-15) can lead to superior detection and measurement of glucose concentration.
A decrease in serum Mg(+2) is associated with airway hyper-reactivity and impaired pulmonary func... more A decrease in serum Mg(+2) is associated with airway hyper-reactivity and impaired pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to determine if decreased serum Mg(+2) levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with acute exacerbations. In a retrospective study, the charted serum Mg(+2) levels in 100 COPD patients were examined. These included 50 patients who presented with an acute exacerbation of COPD and 50 stable patients. Chart review was sequential within both groups. Serum Mg(2+) levels in the stable COPD patients averaged 0.91+/- 0.10 mmol/L (mean+/- SD) with a 95% CI of 0.88 - 0.94 mmol/L. Patients undergoing an exacerbation had significantly lower serum Mg(+2) levels (0.77+/- 0.10 mmol/L; CI, 0.74 - 0.79; p<0.0001). Logistic regression of the dichotomous outcomes as a function of serum Mg(+2) concentration demonstrated a highly significant association (chi(2)=41.26; p<10(-5)). These data were subjected to receiver-operator...
Metabolic acidosis secondary to lactic acidosis may occur in acute, severe asthma and its presenc... more Metabolic acidosis secondary to lactic acidosis may occur in acute, severe asthma and its presence suggests that respiratory muscle fatigue and tissue hypoxia play a major part in the pathogenesis. Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis (NAG acidosis) has also been reported in acute asthma but its impact on the clinical outcome has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NAG acidosis, characterize the laboratory findings, and determine its impact on clinical outcomes. Acid-base and electrolyte status and clinical outcomes were examined over a 1-yr (2005 calendar yr) period in 109 adult patients (38 males, 71 females; age range 21 to 91 yr) hospitalized for asthma exacerbation. The cohort was divided into 3 groups: I. No metabolic acidosis (n = 66), II. Anion gap (AG) acidosis (n = 11), and III. NAG acidosis (n = 32). For each of the groups, laboratory findings were consistent, demonstrating a tendency to hyperchloremia in the NAG acidosis group. O...
ABSTRACT High activity of glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme (immobilized in porous silica particles) i... more ABSTRACT High activity of glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme (immobilized in porous silica particles) is desirable for a better glucose biosensor. In this work, effect of pore diameter of two porous hosts on enzyme immobilization, activity and glucose sensing was compared. The hosts were amine functionalized: (i) microporous silica (NH2-MS) and (ii) mesoporous silica (NH2-SBA-15). Based on whether the dimension of GOD is either larger or smaller than the pore diameter, GOD was immobilized on either external or internal surface of NH2-MS and NH2-SBA-15, with loadings of 512.5 and 634 mg/g, respectively. However, GOD in NH2-SBA-15 gave a higher normalized absolute activity (NAA), which led to an amperometric sensor with a larger linear range of 0.4-13.0 mM glucose. In comparison, GOD in NH2-MS had a lower NAA and a smaller linear range of 0.4-3.1 mM. In fact, the present GOD-NH2-SBA-15 electrode based sensor was better than other MS and SBA-15 based electrodes reported in literature. Thus, achieving only a high GOD loading (as in NH2-MS) does not necessarily give a good sensor performance. Instead, a host with a relatively larger pore than enzyme, together with optimized electrode composition ensures the sensor to be functional in both hyper- and hypoglycemic range.
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