... RÉSUMÉ NKETSIA-TABIRI, J., ADU-GYAMFI, A. & OWUSU-BINEY, A.: Irradiation du plat cuisiné ... more ... RÉSUMÉ NKETSIA-TABIRI, J., ADU-GYAMFI, A. & OWUSU-BINEY, A.: Irradiation du plat cuisiné pour la sécurité microbiologique et la prolongation de la durée de conservation en stock: La qualité ... ganisms, sometimes as high as 109 CFU g-1 (Adu-Gyamfi, 2000; Hayford, 1979 ...
ABSTRACT The study investigated the insecticidal properties of four local medicinal plants–Ricinu... more ABSTRACT The study investigated the insecticidal properties of four local medicinal plants–Ricinus communis Linn. (castor bean), Jatropha curcas Linn. (coral/purging nut), Anacardium occidentale Linn. (cashew nut), and Erythrophleum sauvelens (sasswood)–under laboratory conditions against two storage pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), using two methods of treatment, topical application of crude powder water extracts and dried powder admixture in grains. The materials were tested at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 per cent concentrations. Contact toxicity, repellence, and inhibition of progeny emergence were monitored after treatments. At 20 per cent, Ricinus showed the highest repellence of C. maculatus (96.08%), followed by Jatropha (68.15%), Anacardium (62.30%) and Erythrophleum (25.40%), respectively. Against S. zeamais, Anacardium recorded 80.32 per cent repellence, followed by Ricinus (60%), Jatropha (58%) and Erythrophleum (10.02%). At lower concentrations (1, 5 and 10%), repellence of all the plant extracts did not seem to follow any trend. Dried ground seeds or powder water extract of the four plant materials at a dose of 5 per cent (w/w) significantly reduced progeny emergence in treated maize and cowpea grains. From the study, R. communis seems to be the best candidate among the four plant species tested. It is highly toxic, repellent, and inhibits progeny emergence to a larger extent than the other three plants. Jatropha curcas and A. occidentale were also very effective. It is, therefore, concluded that R. communis, J. curcas, and A. occidentale have great potential to develop into botanical pesticides and must be exploited.). Les propriétés insecticides de quatre plantes médicinales locales: Ricinus communis Linn. (haricot de ricin), Jatropha curcas Linn. (noix de purge/corail), Anacardium occidentale Linn. (noix de cajou), et Erythrophleum sauveolens (le mançone) étaient étudiées sous les conditions de laboratoire contre deux ravageurs de stockage: Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) et Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) en utilisant deux méthodes de traitement: application actuelle d'extraits de poudre brute en eau et la poudre sèche additionnée engrains. Les matières étaient mises á l'essai à 0, 1, 5, 10, et 20% de concentrations. Toxicité par contact, repoussement et l'inhibition de l'émergence de progéniture étaient suivies de près après les traitements. A 20%, Ricinus montrait le repoussement le plus élevé de C. maculatus (96.08%), suivi par Jatropha (68.15%), Anacardium (62.30%) et Erythrophleum (25.40%), respectivement. Contre S. zeamais, Anacardium donnait 80.32% de repoussement, suivi par Ricinus (60%), Jatropha (58%), et Erythrophleum (10.2%). Aux concentrations plus faibles de (1, 5 et 10%), le repoussement de tous les extraits de plantes ne donnaient pas l'impression de suivre aucune tendance. Les grains secs moulus ou l'extrait de poudre en eau des quatre matières de plantes à une dose de 5% (w/w) causaient des réductions considérables dans l'émergence de progéniture de grains de maïs et de dolique traités. D'aprè l'étude, R. communis semble être le meilleur spécimen de quatre espèces de plantes mises à l'essai. Elle est hautement toxique, repoussante et inhibe l'émergence de progéniture dans une plus grande mesure que les trois autres plantes. Jatropha curcas et A. occidentale étaient également très efficace. Donc, la conclusion est tirée que R. communis, J. curcas et A. occidentale ont beaucoup de potentiel pour le développement en pesticides botaniques et devraient être exploité. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 39 (2) 2006: pp. 147-154
Some triclosan and stannous fluoride toothpastes have been shown effective in reducing plaque and... more Some triclosan and stannous fluoride toothpastes have been shown effective in reducing plaque and more particularly gingivitis in home use studies. There have been few comparisons of such products for their chemical plaque inhibitory action divorced from the indeterminate variable of toothbrushing. This study was a randomised, single-blind, cross-over comparison of 4 products, in a 4-day plaque regrowth design, balanced for residual effects and involving 12 healthy dentate subjects. The test agents were a stannous fluoride toothpaste, a triclosan/copolymer toothpaste, a triclosan/zinc citrate toothpaste and water. On day 1 of each study period, subjects were rendered plaque free. For the following 4 days, each subject suspended normal toothcleaning and rinsed 2 x daily with the allocated treatment for 60 s under supervision. On day 5, plaque was scored by index. Washout periods of 2 1/2 days brushing with water alone, followed each treatment period. Pseudo treatment periods of 4 days, involving 2 x daily rinsing with water in the absence of toothbrushing, followed the normal washouts after the stannous fluoride and triclosan/zinc citrate treatments, giving a total of 6 treatment periods. This design permitted analyses for 1st-order-carry-over. Intention to treat analyses revealed all toothpastes were more effective than water but that there were no differences between the active treatments. Per protocol analysis gave essentially similar findings except that the difference in plaque in favour of the triclosan/zinc citrate toothpaste over water did not reach significance. There was no evidence of 1st-order-carry-over effects for the stannous fluoride or triclosan/zinc citrate toothpastes. Consistent with other studies it appears that stannous fluoride and triclosan can be formulated into toothpaste vehicles to provide plaque inhibitory effects.
... RÉSUMÉ NKETSIA-TABIRI, J., ADU-GYAMFI, A. & OWUSU-BINEY, A.: Irradiation du plat cuisiné ... more ... RÉSUMÉ NKETSIA-TABIRI, J., ADU-GYAMFI, A. & OWUSU-BINEY, A.: Irradiation du plat cuisiné pour la sécurité microbiologique et la prolongation de la durée de conservation en stock: La qualité ... ganisms, sometimes as high as 109 CFU g-1 (Adu-Gyamfi, 2000; Hayford, 1979 ...
ABSTRACT The study investigated the insecticidal properties of four local medicinal plants–Ricinu... more ABSTRACT The study investigated the insecticidal properties of four local medicinal plants–Ricinus communis Linn. (castor bean), Jatropha curcas Linn. (coral/purging nut), Anacardium occidentale Linn. (cashew nut), and Erythrophleum sauvelens (sasswood)–under laboratory conditions against two storage pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), using two methods of treatment, topical application of crude powder water extracts and dried powder admixture in grains. The materials were tested at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 per cent concentrations. Contact toxicity, repellence, and inhibition of progeny emergence were monitored after treatments. At 20 per cent, Ricinus showed the highest repellence of C. maculatus (96.08%), followed by Jatropha (68.15%), Anacardium (62.30%) and Erythrophleum (25.40%), respectively. Against S. zeamais, Anacardium recorded 80.32 per cent repellence, followed by Ricinus (60%), Jatropha (58%) and Erythrophleum (10.02%). At lower concentrations (1, 5 and 10%), repellence of all the plant extracts did not seem to follow any trend. Dried ground seeds or powder water extract of the four plant materials at a dose of 5 per cent (w/w) significantly reduced progeny emergence in treated maize and cowpea grains. From the study, R. communis seems to be the best candidate among the four plant species tested. It is highly toxic, repellent, and inhibits progeny emergence to a larger extent than the other three plants. Jatropha curcas and A. occidentale were also very effective. It is, therefore, concluded that R. communis, J. curcas, and A. occidentale have great potential to develop into botanical pesticides and must be exploited.). Les propriétés insecticides de quatre plantes médicinales locales: Ricinus communis Linn. (haricot de ricin), Jatropha curcas Linn. (noix de purge/corail), Anacardium occidentale Linn. (noix de cajou), et Erythrophleum sauveolens (le mançone) étaient étudiées sous les conditions de laboratoire contre deux ravageurs de stockage: Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) et Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) en utilisant deux méthodes de traitement: application actuelle d'extraits de poudre brute en eau et la poudre sèche additionnée engrains. Les matières étaient mises á l'essai à 0, 1, 5, 10, et 20% de concentrations. Toxicité par contact, repoussement et l'inhibition de l'émergence de progéniture étaient suivies de près après les traitements. A 20%, Ricinus montrait le repoussement le plus élevé de C. maculatus (96.08%), suivi par Jatropha (68.15%), Anacardium (62.30%) et Erythrophleum (25.40%), respectivement. Contre S. zeamais, Anacardium donnait 80.32% de repoussement, suivi par Ricinus (60%), Jatropha (58%), et Erythrophleum (10.2%). Aux concentrations plus faibles de (1, 5 et 10%), le repoussement de tous les extraits de plantes ne donnaient pas l'impression de suivre aucune tendance. Les grains secs moulus ou l'extrait de poudre en eau des quatre matières de plantes à une dose de 5% (w/w) causaient des réductions considérables dans l'émergence de progéniture de grains de maïs et de dolique traités. D'aprè l'étude, R. communis semble être le meilleur spécimen de quatre espèces de plantes mises à l'essai. Elle est hautement toxique, repoussante et inhibe l'émergence de progéniture dans une plus grande mesure que les trois autres plantes. Jatropha curcas et A. occidentale étaient également très efficace. Donc, la conclusion est tirée que R. communis, J. curcas et A. occidentale ont beaucoup de potentiel pour le développement en pesticides botaniques et devraient être exploité. Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 39 (2) 2006: pp. 147-154
Some triclosan and stannous fluoride toothpastes have been shown effective in reducing plaque and... more Some triclosan and stannous fluoride toothpastes have been shown effective in reducing plaque and more particularly gingivitis in home use studies. There have been few comparisons of such products for their chemical plaque inhibitory action divorced from the indeterminate variable of toothbrushing. This study was a randomised, single-blind, cross-over comparison of 4 products, in a 4-day plaque regrowth design, balanced for residual effects and involving 12 healthy dentate subjects. The test agents were a stannous fluoride toothpaste, a triclosan/copolymer toothpaste, a triclosan/zinc citrate toothpaste and water. On day 1 of each study period, subjects were rendered plaque free. For the following 4 days, each subject suspended normal toothcleaning and rinsed 2 x daily with the allocated treatment for 60 s under supervision. On day 5, plaque was scored by index. Washout periods of 2 1/2 days brushing with water alone, followed each treatment period. Pseudo treatment periods of 4 days, involving 2 x daily rinsing with water in the absence of toothbrushing, followed the normal washouts after the stannous fluoride and triclosan/zinc citrate treatments, giving a total of 6 treatment periods. This design permitted analyses for 1st-order-carry-over. Intention to treat analyses revealed all toothpastes were more effective than water but that there were no differences between the active treatments. Per protocol analysis gave essentially similar findings except that the difference in plaque in favour of the triclosan/zinc citrate toothpaste over water did not reach significance. There was no evidence of 1st-order-carry-over effects for the stannous fluoride or triclosan/zinc citrate toothpastes. Consistent with other studies it appears that stannous fluoride and triclosan can be formulated into toothpaste vehicles to provide plaque inhibitory effects.
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