Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials hold tremendous potential in addressing the two major iss... more Abstract Carbon nanomaterials hold tremendous potential in addressing the two major issues faced by our society: providing energy and improving healthcare. Nanodia mond powder produced by detonation synthesis is one of the most promising carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and theranostics [1], [2]. Diamond particles have a ~4-5 nm stable core and a large surface area with tailorable surface chemistry. Nanodiamonds have unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties. These properties have recently started to attract much interest for different biomedical applications [3]. Rich surface chemistry, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility of diamond nanoparticles make them attractive in biomaterial applications [4]. The development of new methods for obtaining free nanodiamond particles opens up new possibility for targeted drug delivery systems that overcome cell membranes, various biological markers, systems intended for determination of the concentration of bioactive agents in living organisms, and others applications [5]. For tissue engineering scaffolds, the non-toxic fluorescent nanodiamond introduced into biodegradable polymers provides increased strength, visual monitoring, and enhanced biomineralization [6]. Nanodiamond (ND) particles are increasingly being utilized as diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic agents in biomedicine [7]. In the area of biomedical imaging and diagnostics, luminescent nanodiamond with NV centers, as well as chemically modified fluorescent nanodiamond, hold tremendous potential to replace toxic semiconductor quantum dots, thus bringing this exciting potential application one step closer to the clinics [8]. Before nanodiamonds could be applied, they have to undergo multistage purification, characterization and surface modification. Various approaches of surface modification and functionalization of nanodiamond allow to enhance and control drug adsorption for prolongation of drug action and chemical binding of the drugs for sustained drug release for their further use as a drug delivery platform. As for drug delivery, this study mainly focuses on adsorption of antibiotics that will be discussed in detail. We demonstrate results of physical−chemical study of the adsorption of doxorubicin, polymyxin B and rifampicin on nanodiamonds
Abstract
MRC Poster Presentation at Nanobiophysics 2015 Conference - Nanostructured tunable mesop... more Abstract MRC Poster Presentation at Nanobiophysics 2015 Conference - Nanostructured tunable mesoporous carbon for energy and biomedical applications.
We will discuss synthesis of carbide-derived carbon (CDC), which is a nanoporous carbon formed by selectively etching metal atoms from metal carbides [1]. CDCs are generally produced by chlorination of carbides in the 200–1200°C temperature range. Metals and metalloids are removed as chlorides, leaving behind a noncrystalline carbon with up to 80% open pore volume. A wide range of carbide precursors (TiC, SiC, B4C, VC, Mo2C, NbC as well as ternary carbides – Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, also known as MAX-phases) leads to a wide range of carbons with tailored porosity. The total volume and characteristic dimensions of meso- and nanopores can be predicted and achieved by selection of a binary or ternary carbide and variation of the chlorination process parameters. Due to a wide range of pore sizes (0.3–30 nm) and specific surface areas (300–2300 m2/g) of CDCs, a great potential for applications requiring large volumes of either micropores ( The highly tunable porosity of CDC [1,2] has inspired fundamental studies of the effects of pore size, pore volume, and surface area on transport and adsorption of gases, ions and biomolecules. The unique properties of CDC allowed to use it in many demanding applications including H2 and methane storage, gas sorption, adsorbents, electrodes in batteries and supercapacitors [3], flow capacitors, molecular sieves, catalyst supports, water/air filters and medical devices, protein adsorption, tribology, extracorporeal devices for blood cleansing [4]. Such properties of CDC as good electrical conductivity combined with high surface area, large micropore volume, and pore size control allow its application as active material in electrodes for flow desalination [5], supercapacitors [6] as porous electrodes for capacitive deionization [7]. Chlorination of layered ternary MAX-phase carbides has made it possible to synthesize mesoporous carbons with large volumes of slit-shaped mesopores that can be used for purification of bio-fluids due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines within the shortest time, which is crucial in sepsis treatment. The synthesized carbons, having tunable pore size with a large volume of slit-shaped mesopores, outperformed other materials in terms of efficiency of TNF-α removal. Cytokine removal from blood may help to bring under control the unregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory processes driving sepsis. Adsorption can remove toxins without introducing other substances into the blood. Therefore, hemoadsorption might have advantages over hemofiltration, having the same or better efficiency in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, being of lower cost and offering considerably better comfort for patients during and after the treatments [8].
Показано, что при трении по незакрепленным частицам кокса с малым давлением износ Ст.3 меньше, че... more Показано, что при трении по незакрепленным частицам кокса с малым давлением износ Ст.3 меньше, чем стали AISI 304/ при давлениях больше 30кПа быстрее изнашивается Ст.3. проявление больей стойкости к износу коррелирует с увеличением деформационного упрочнения сталей. Геометрия борозд на поверхности трения, полученных в одних и тех же условиях, у сталей различная и определяется самоорганизацией разрушения от взаимодействий отдельных частиц абразива с образцом.
The aim of his work is to elucidate the characteristics of wear of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels at t... more The aim of his work is to elucidate the characteristics of wear of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels at the friction on the coke. tests were carried out on abrasive wear by rotaton of steel samples on the powdre cocke with a variable pressing force on the samples. Abrasive wear hardening under compression, microhardness near the friction surface, the fracture at friction surface were investigated. It has been shown that the characteristics of strain hardening of the material deremine the wear resistance at abrasive wear.
Differences in the nature of strain hardening of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels lead to the fact that at low pressures, wear resistance of Cm. 3 is greather them of AISI 304 stainless steel. At pressures higher then 30 kPa, wear resistance of AISI 304 steel becomes greater them of Cm. 3.
High temperature refining in continuous electrothermal fluidized bed reactors unveiled in this pa... more High temperature refining in continuous electrothermal fluidized bed reactors unveiled in this paper reliably produce graphite whose high purity of 99.99%C sets the industry standard for applications in advanced battery systems. This technology is environmentally benign, economically viable and, when fully scaled up to the industrial volume, will present a viable alternative to acid leached natural crystalline flake graphite and synthetic graphite produced in batch Acheson reactors. One of the most critical parameters of an operating fluid bed is the value of specific electrical resistance (SER) of the bed. Authors proposed a numerical model and unveiled a methodology for estimating the value of SER specific to fluidized bed reactors for purification of natural flake graphite. The model which is believed to be accurately describing processes in fluidized bed reactors is believed to be a dual phase one where an emulsified dense graphite bed moves along the limiting surfaces formed by the center electrode and reactor lining, and a gas-channels-filled aggregating bed forms at some distance away from the solid graphite walls toward the middle of the bed. Application of the above model was verified in the course of hands-on experiment. The model was determined to be accurate with a maximum 25% deviation from actual test data, which is a great result considering that processes of fluidized beds are complex systems. Using this model authors have derived a regression expression which allows to estimate values of SER for particles of flake graphite in a temperature range from 0 to 2,800C, and for the current density i = 0.004-1.0 А/сm 2 . From there a methodology for designing fluidized bed reactors for purification of carbon has been proposed. This methodology allows to define the geometry, key dimensions, current, voltage, power, as well as to specify properties of the power supply for the reactor; given the designer knows a desired furnace throughput rate, operating temperature and material dwell time in the hot zone. The basis for the reactor design is the creation of voltamograms for the bed, furnace, and power supply, and plotting them on the same graph so as to identify overlapping areas. Based on the above models, a fully functional prototype reactor whose throughput rate is rated at 10 kg/hour has been engineered, built, and tested. Thermally purified material was analyzed using the loss on ignition test and by the Scanning and Optical microscopy methods.
Keywords: carbonaceous materials; high temperature processing; recycling of spent battery materials.
Металлургическая и горнорудная промышленность. №2, 2013
Проведен анализ эффективности высокотемпературной обработки углеродных материалов в электропечах ... more Проведен анализ эффективности высокотемпературной обработки углеродных материалов в электропечах плотного и кипящего слоя. Определены удельные затраты электроэнергии для печей различных типов и основные направления по совершенствованию их тепловой работы. Определены гидродинамические режимы работы печей электротермического кипящего слоя, обеспечивающие равномерный нагрев материала.
An innovative technology for processing selected recycled battery wastes from large format automo... more An innovative technology for processing selected recycled battery wastes from large format automotive lithium-ion batteries has been developed. One of the key steps of refining process is application of thermal treatment of granular matter in a new and improved modified electrothermal fluidized bed reactor at high temperature. The reactor design is based on fluidization and increase in electric resistance leading to higher temperatiures.
12th International Ceramics Congress, CIMTEC, 2010
Titania nanoparticles are widely used in photocatalysis, solar cells, pseudocapacitors and other ... more Titania nanoparticles are widely used in photocatalysis, solar cells, pseudocapacitors and other applications. This report is on a scalable method of synthesis of pure and nitrogen-doped anatase nanopowders with the particle size from several nanometers to more than 100 nm, which can be controlled by the process parameters. Preparation of nanosized titanium dioxide with the anatase structure was achieved by precipitation from solutions with subsequent calcinations. The of the isopropanol solution of titanium tetrachloride with ammonia was used in the synthesis process. The effects of the process parameters (pH, temperature and time of calcinations) on the phase composition, particle size, color and morphology have been studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Nitrogen doping leads to yellow powders. It is important to stress that titanium chemical industry waste was used in this process. Nanosized TiO2 prepared by this method shows a strong photocatalytic activity. The prepared titania solutions were found to very active to degrade solutions of Methylene blue, Methyl Red and colored household chemicals under UVA light.
International conference "Powder Metallurgy: today and tomorrow", 2012
Comparing the wear of details made of construction steel 3 and stainless steel AISI 304. The wear... more Comparing the wear of details made of construction steel 3 and stainless steel AISI 304. The wear of steel details against coke particles is conducted well on the immovable ring type unit.
Authors of this paper are developing a commercially viable technology for beneficiation of graph... more Authors of this paper are developing a commercially viable technology for beneficiation of graphitic carbons extracted from spent lithium-ion batteries. This paper introduces one of high temperature reactors which is being developed as part of this initiative.
This paper reports on the structure, mechanical, and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxid... more This paper reports on the structure, mechanical, and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tungsten oxide (WO3) films on a brass substrate. TiO2 and WO3 films have been successfully deposited on brass by a simple sol-gel dip-coating method and it has been shown that, while both films possess photocatalytic properties, WO3 films were superior to TiO2. Higher surface area and rod-like morphology of WO3 films might have contributed to their higher photocatalytic activity. Nanoindentation results have shown that both films attach well to the substrate and possess good mechanical properties.
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials hold tremendous potential in addressing the two major iss... more Abstract Carbon nanomaterials hold tremendous potential in addressing the two major issues faced by our society: providing energy and improving healthcare. Nanodia mond powder produced by detonation synthesis is one of the most promising carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and theranostics [1], [2]. Diamond particles have a ~4-5 nm stable core and a large surface area with tailorable surface chemistry. Nanodiamonds have unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties. These properties have recently started to attract much interest for different biomedical applications [3]. Rich surface chemistry, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility of diamond nanoparticles make them attractive in biomaterial applications [4]. The development of new methods for obtaining free nanodiamond particles opens up new possibility for targeted drug delivery systems that overcome cell membranes, various biological markers, systems intended for determination of the concentration of bioactive agents in living organisms, and others applications [5]. For tissue engineering scaffolds, the non-toxic fluorescent nanodiamond introduced into biodegradable polymers provides increased strength, visual monitoring, and enhanced biomineralization [6]. Nanodiamond (ND) particles are increasingly being utilized as diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic agents in biomedicine [7]. In the area of biomedical imaging and diagnostics, luminescent nanodiamond with NV centers, as well as chemically modified fluorescent nanodiamond, hold tremendous potential to replace toxic semiconductor quantum dots, thus bringing this exciting potential application one step closer to the clinics [8]. Before nanodiamonds could be applied, they have to undergo multistage purification, characterization and surface modification. Various approaches of surface modification and functionalization of nanodiamond allow to enhance and control drug adsorption for prolongation of drug action and chemical binding of the drugs for sustained drug release for their further use as a drug delivery platform. As for drug delivery, this study mainly focuses on adsorption of antibiotics that will be discussed in detail. We demonstrate results of physical−chemical study of the adsorption of doxorubicin, polymyxin B and rifampicin on nanodiamonds
Abstract
MRC Poster Presentation at Nanobiophysics 2015 Conference - Nanostructured tunable mesop... more Abstract MRC Poster Presentation at Nanobiophysics 2015 Conference - Nanostructured tunable mesoporous carbon for energy and biomedical applications.
We will discuss synthesis of carbide-derived carbon (CDC), which is a nanoporous carbon formed by selectively etching metal atoms from metal carbides [1]. CDCs are generally produced by chlorination of carbides in the 200–1200°C temperature range. Metals and metalloids are removed as chlorides, leaving behind a noncrystalline carbon with up to 80% open pore volume. A wide range of carbide precursors (TiC, SiC, B4C, VC, Mo2C, NbC as well as ternary carbides – Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, also known as MAX-phases) leads to a wide range of carbons with tailored porosity. The total volume and characteristic dimensions of meso- and nanopores can be predicted and achieved by selection of a binary or ternary carbide and variation of the chlorination process parameters. Due to a wide range of pore sizes (0.3–30 nm) and specific surface areas (300–2300 m2/g) of CDCs, a great potential for applications requiring large volumes of either micropores ( The highly tunable porosity of CDC [1,2] has inspired fundamental studies of the effects of pore size, pore volume, and surface area on transport and adsorption of gases, ions and biomolecules. The unique properties of CDC allowed to use it in many demanding applications including H2 and methane storage, gas sorption, adsorbents, electrodes in batteries and supercapacitors [3], flow capacitors, molecular sieves, catalyst supports, water/air filters and medical devices, protein adsorption, tribology, extracorporeal devices for blood cleansing [4]. Such properties of CDC as good electrical conductivity combined with high surface area, large micropore volume, and pore size control allow its application as active material in electrodes for flow desalination [5], supercapacitors [6] as porous electrodes for capacitive deionization [7]. Chlorination of layered ternary MAX-phase carbides has made it possible to synthesize mesoporous carbons with large volumes of slit-shaped mesopores that can be used for purification of bio-fluids due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines within the shortest time, which is crucial in sepsis treatment. The synthesized carbons, having tunable pore size with a large volume of slit-shaped mesopores, outperformed other materials in terms of efficiency of TNF-α removal. Cytokine removal from blood may help to bring under control the unregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory processes driving sepsis. Adsorption can remove toxins without introducing other substances into the blood. Therefore, hemoadsorption might have advantages over hemofiltration, having the same or better efficiency in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, being of lower cost and offering considerably better comfort for patients during and after the treatments [8].
Показано, что при трении по незакрепленным частицам кокса с малым давлением износ Ст.3 меньше, че... more Показано, что при трении по незакрепленным частицам кокса с малым давлением износ Ст.3 меньше, чем стали AISI 304/ при давлениях больше 30кПа быстрее изнашивается Ст.3. проявление больей стойкости к износу коррелирует с увеличением деформационного упрочнения сталей. Геометрия борозд на поверхности трения, полученных в одних и тех же условиях, у сталей различная и определяется самоорганизацией разрушения от взаимодействий отдельных частиц абразива с образцом.
The aim of his work is to elucidate the characteristics of wear of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels at t... more The aim of his work is to elucidate the characteristics of wear of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels at the friction on the coke. tests were carried out on abrasive wear by rotaton of steel samples on the powdre cocke with a variable pressing force on the samples. Abrasive wear hardening under compression, microhardness near the friction surface, the fracture at friction surface were investigated. It has been shown that the characteristics of strain hardening of the material deremine the wear resistance at abrasive wear.
Differences in the nature of strain hardening of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels lead to the fact that at low pressures, wear resistance of Cm. 3 is greather them of AISI 304 stainless steel. At pressures higher then 30 kPa, wear resistance of AISI 304 steel becomes greater them of Cm. 3.
High temperature refining in continuous electrothermal fluidized bed reactors unveiled in this pa... more High temperature refining in continuous electrothermal fluidized bed reactors unveiled in this paper reliably produce graphite whose high purity of 99.99%C sets the industry standard for applications in advanced battery systems. This technology is environmentally benign, economically viable and, when fully scaled up to the industrial volume, will present a viable alternative to acid leached natural crystalline flake graphite and synthetic graphite produced in batch Acheson reactors. One of the most critical parameters of an operating fluid bed is the value of specific electrical resistance (SER) of the bed. Authors proposed a numerical model and unveiled a methodology for estimating the value of SER specific to fluidized bed reactors for purification of natural flake graphite. The model which is believed to be accurately describing processes in fluidized bed reactors is believed to be a dual phase one where an emulsified dense graphite bed moves along the limiting surfaces formed by the center electrode and reactor lining, and a gas-channels-filled aggregating bed forms at some distance away from the solid graphite walls toward the middle of the bed. Application of the above model was verified in the course of hands-on experiment. The model was determined to be accurate with a maximum 25% deviation from actual test data, which is a great result considering that processes of fluidized beds are complex systems. Using this model authors have derived a regression expression which allows to estimate values of SER for particles of flake graphite in a temperature range from 0 to 2,800C, and for the current density i = 0.004-1.0 А/сm 2 . From there a methodology for designing fluidized bed reactors for purification of carbon has been proposed. This methodology allows to define the geometry, key dimensions, current, voltage, power, as well as to specify properties of the power supply for the reactor; given the designer knows a desired furnace throughput rate, operating temperature and material dwell time in the hot zone. The basis for the reactor design is the creation of voltamograms for the bed, furnace, and power supply, and plotting them on the same graph so as to identify overlapping areas. Based on the above models, a fully functional prototype reactor whose throughput rate is rated at 10 kg/hour has been engineered, built, and tested. Thermally purified material was analyzed using the loss on ignition test and by the Scanning and Optical microscopy methods.
Keywords: carbonaceous materials; high temperature processing; recycling of spent battery materials.
Металлургическая и горнорудная промышленность. №2, 2013
Проведен анализ эффективности высокотемпературной обработки углеродных материалов в электропечах ... more Проведен анализ эффективности высокотемпературной обработки углеродных материалов в электропечах плотного и кипящего слоя. Определены удельные затраты электроэнергии для печей различных типов и основные направления по совершенствованию их тепловой работы. Определены гидродинамические режимы работы печей электротермического кипящего слоя, обеспечивающие равномерный нагрев материала.
An innovative technology for processing selected recycled battery wastes from large format automo... more An innovative technology for processing selected recycled battery wastes from large format automotive lithium-ion batteries has been developed. One of the key steps of refining process is application of thermal treatment of granular matter in a new and improved modified electrothermal fluidized bed reactor at high temperature. The reactor design is based on fluidization and increase in electric resistance leading to higher temperatiures.
12th International Ceramics Congress, CIMTEC, 2010
Titania nanoparticles are widely used in photocatalysis, solar cells, pseudocapacitors and other ... more Titania nanoparticles are widely used in photocatalysis, solar cells, pseudocapacitors and other applications. This report is on a scalable method of synthesis of pure and nitrogen-doped anatase nanopowders with the particle size from several nanometers to more than 100 nm, which can be controlled by the process parameters. Preparation of nanosized titanium dioxide with the anatase structure was achieved by precipitation from solutions with subsequent calcinations. The of the isopropanol solution of titanium tetrachloride with ammonia was used in the synthesis process. The effects of the process parameters (pH, temperature and time of calcinations) on the phase composition, particle size, color and morphology have been studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Nitrogen doping leads to yellow powders. It is important to stress that titanium chemical industry waste was used in this process. Nanosized TiO2 prepared by this method shows a strong photocatalytic activity. The prepared titania solutions were found to very active to degrade solutions of Methylene blue, Methyl Red and colored household chemicals under UVA light.
International conference "Powder Metallurgy: today and tomorrow", 2012
Comparing the wear of details made of construction steel 3 and stainless steel AISI 304. The wear... more Comparing the wear of details made of construction steel 3 and stainless steel AISI 304. The wear of steel details against coke particles is conducted well on the immovable ring type unit.
Authors of this paper are developing a commercially viable technology for beneficiation of graph... more Authors of this paper are developing a commercially viable technology for beneficiation of graphitic carbons extracted from spent lithium-ion batteries. This paper introduces one of high temperature reactors which is being developed as part of this initiative.
This paper reports on the structure, mechanical, and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxid... more This paper reports on the structure, mechanical, and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tungsten oxide (WO3) films on a brass substrate. TiO2 and WO3 films have been successfully deposited on brass by a simple sol-gel dip-coating method and it has been shown that, while both films possess photocatalytic properties, WO3 films were superior to TiO2. Higher surface area and rod-like morphology of WO3 films might have contributed to their higher photocatalytic activity. Nanoindentation results have shown that both films attach well to the substrate and possess good mechanical properties.
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Papers by Alexei Gogotsi
Carbon nanomaterials hold tremendous potential in addressing the two major issues faced by our
society: providing energy and improving healthcare. Nanodia
mond powder produced by detonation synthesis
is one of the most promising carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and theranostics [1], [2]. Diamond
particles have a ~4-5 nm stable core and a large surface area with tailorable surface chemistry. Nanodiamonds have unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties. These properties have recently started to attract much interest for different biomedical applications [3]. Rich surface chemistry, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility of diamond nanoparticles make them attractive in biomaterial applications [4].
The development of new methods for obtaining free nanodiamond particles opens up new possibility for
targeted drug delivery systems that overcome cell membranes, various biological markers, systems intended
for determination of the concentration of bioactive agents in living organisms, and others applications [5]. For
tissue engineering scaffolds, the non-toxic fluorescent nanodiamond introduced into biodegradable polymers
provides increased strength, visual monitoring, and enhanced biomineralization [6].
Nanodiamond (ND) particles are increasingly being utilized as diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic agents in
biomedicine [7]. In the area of biomedical imaging and diagnostics, luminescent nanodiamond with NV
centers, as well as chemically modified fluorescent nanodiamond, hold tremendous potential to replace toxic
semiconductor quantum dots, thus bringing this exciting potential application one step closer to the clinics [8].
Before nanodiamonds could be applied, they have to undergo multistage purification, characterization and
surface modification. Various approaches of surface modification and functionalization of nanodiamond allow
to enhance and control drug adsorption for prolongation of drug action and chemical binding of the drugs for sustained drug release for their further use as a drug delivery platform.
As for drug delivery, this study mainly focuses on adsorption of antibiotics that will be discussed in detail. We demonstrate results of physical−chemical study of the adsorption of doxorubicin, polymyxin B and rifampicin on nanodiamonds
MRC Poster Presentation at Nanobiophysics 2015 Conference - Nanostructured tunable mesoporous carbon for energy and biomedical applications.
We will discuss synthesis of carbide-derived carbon (CDC), which is a nanoporous carbon formed by selectively etching metal atoms from metal carbides [1]. CDCs are generally produced by chlorination of carbides in the 200–1200°C temperature range. Metals and metalloids are removed as chlorides, leaving behind a noncrystalline carbon with up to 80% open pore volume. A wide range of carbide precursors (TiC, SiC, B4C, VC, Mo2C, NbC as well as ternary carbides – Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, also known as MAX-phases) leads to a wide range of carbons with tailored porosity. The total volume and characteristic dimensions of meso- and nanopores can be predicted and achieved by selection of a binary or ternary carbide and variation of the chlorination process parameters. Due to a wide range of pore sizes (0.3–30 nm) and specific surface areas (300–2300 m2/g) of CDCs, a great potential for applications requiring large volumes of either micropores (
The highly tunable porosity of CDC [1,2] has inspired fundamental studies of the effects of pore size, pore volume, and surface area on transport and adsorption of gases, ions and biomolecules. The unique properties of CDC allowed to use it in many demanding applications including H2 and methane storage, gas sorption, adsorbents, electrodes in batteries and supercapacitors [3], flow capacitors, molecular sieves, catalyst supports, water/air filters and medical devices, protein adsorption, tribology, extracorporeal devices for blood cleansing [4]. Such properties of CDC as good electrical conductivity combined with high surface area, large micropore volume, and pore size control allow its application as active material in electrodes for flow desalination [5], supercapacitors [6] as porous electrodes for capacitive deionization [7].
Chlorination of layered ternary MAX-phase carbides has made it possible to synthesize mesoporous carbons with large volumes of slit-shaped mesopores that can be used for purification of bio-fluids due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines within the shortest time, which is crucial in sepsis treatment. The synthesized carbons, having tunable pore size with a large volume of slit-shaped mesopores, outperformed other materials in terms of efficiency of TNF-α removal. Cytokine removal from blood may help to bring under control the unregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory processes driving sepsis. Adsorption can remove toxins without introducing other substances into the blood. Therefore, hemoadsorption might have advantages over hemofiltration, having the same or better efficiency in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, being of lower cost and offering considerably better comfort for patients during and after the treatments [8].
Differences in the nature of strain hardening of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels lead to the fact that at low pressures, wear resistance of Cm. 3 is greather them of AISI 304 stainless steel. At pressures higher then 30 kPa, wear resistance of AISI 304 steel becomes greater them of Cm. 3.
Keywords: carbonaceous materials; high temperature processing; recycling of spent battery materials.
Ключевые слова: углеродный материал, высокотемпературная обработка, кальцинатор, электротермический кипящий слой.
Carbon nanomaterials hold tremendous potential in addressing the two major issues faced by our
society: providing energy and improving healthcare. Nanodia
mond powder produced by detonation synthesis
is one of the most promising carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and theranostics [1], [2]. Diamond
particles have a ~4-5 nm stable core and a large surface area with tailorable surface chemistry. Nanodiamonds have unique optical, mechanical and thermal properties. These properties have recently started to attract much interest for different biomedical applications [3]. Rich surface chemistry, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility of diamond nanoparticles make them attractive in biomaterial applications [4].
The development of new methods for obtaining free nanodiamond particles opens up new possibility for
targeted drug delivery systems that overcome cell membranes, various biological markers, systems intended
for determination of the concentration of bioactive agents in living organisms, and others applications [5]. For
tissue engineering scaffolds, the non-toxic fluorescent nanodiamond introduced into biodegradable polymers
provides increased strength, visual monitoring, and enhanced biomineralization [6].
Nanodiamond (ND) particles are increasingly being utilized as diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic agents in
biomedicine [7]. In the area of biomedical imaging and diagnostics, luminescent nanodiamond with NV
centers, as well as chemically modified fluorescent nanodiamond, hold tremendous potential to replace toxic
semiconductor quantum dots, thus bringing this exciting potential application one step closer to the clinics [8].
Before nanodiamonds could be applied, they have to undergo multistage purification, characterization and
surface modification. Various approaches of surface modification and functionalization of nanodiamond allow
to enhance and control drug adsorption for prolongation of drug action and chemical binding of the drugs for sustained drug release for their further use as a drug delivery platform.
As for drug delivery, this study mainly focuses on adsorption of antibiotics that will be discussed in detail. We demonstrate results of physical−chemical study of the adsorption of doxorubicin, polymyxin B and rifampicin on nanodiamonds
MRC Poster Presentation at Nanobiophysics 2015 Conference - Nanostructured tunable mesoporous carbon for energy and biomedical applications.
We will discuss synthesis of carbide-derived carbon (CDC), which is a nanoporous carbon formed by selectively etching metal atoms from metal carbides [1]. CDCs are generally produced by chlorination of carbides in the 200–1200°C temperature range. Metals and metalloids are removed as chlorides, leaving behind a noncrystalline carbon with up to 80% open pore volume. A wide range of carbide precursors (TiC, SiC, B4C, VC, Mo2C, NbC as well as ternary carbides – Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, also known as MAX-phases) leads to a wide range of carbons with tailored porosity. The total volume and characteristic dimensions of meso- and nanopores can be predicted and achieved by selection of a binary or ternary carbide and variation of the chlorination process parameters. Due to a wide range of pore sizes (0.3–30 nm) and specific surface areas (300–2300 m2/g) of CDCs, a great potential for applications requiring large volumes of either micropores (
The highly tunable porosity of CDC [1,2] has inspired fundamental studies of the effects of pore size, pore volume, and surface area on transport and adsorption of gases, ions and biomolecules. The unique properties of CDC allowed to use it in many demanding applications including H2 and methane storage, gas sorption, adsorbents, electrodes in batteries and supercapacitors [3], flow capacitors, molecular sieves, catalyst supports, water/air filters and medical devices, protein adsorption, tribology, extracorporeal devices for blood cleansing [4]. Such properties of CDC as good electrical conductivity combined with high surface area, large micropore volume, and pore size control allow its application as active material in electrodes for flow desalination [5], supercapacitors [6] as porous electrodes for capacitive deionization [7].
Chlorination of layered ternary MAX-phase carbides has made it possible to synthesize mesoporous carbons with large volumes of slit-shaped mesopores that can be used for purification of bio-fluids due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines within the shortest time, which is crucial in sepsis treatment. The synthesized carbons, having tunable pore size with a large volume of slit-shaped mesopores, outperformed other materials in terms of efficiency of TNF-α removal. Cytokine removal from blood may help to bring under control the unregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory processes driving sepsis. Adsorption can remove toxins without introducing other substances into the blood. Therefore, hemoadsorption might have advantages over hemofiltration, having the same or better efficiency in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, being of lower cost and offering considerably better comfort for patients during and after the treatments [8].
Differences in the nature of strain hardening of AISI 304 and Cm. 3 steels lead to the fact that at low pressures, wear resistance of Cm. 3 is greather them of AISI 304 stainless steel. At pressures higher then 30 kPa, wear resistance of AISI 304 steel becomes greater them of Cm. 3.
Keywords: carbonaceous materials; high temperature processing; recycling of spent battery materials.
Ключевые слова: углеродный материал, высокотемпературная обработка, кальцинатор, электротермический кипящий слой.