The acclimated microbial association fermenting cattle manure at 6 degrees C with methane product... more The acclimated microbial association fermenting cattle manure at 6 degrees C with methane production was obtained by a long-time (2.5 years) autoselection. It is shown that the basic barrier to carry out this process at low temperature is long-time period of adaptation of microbial community. It is removed by addition of the psychrophilic barm obtained. After cultivating of this psychrophilic methanogenic association under mesophilic (35 degrees) and thermophilic (55 degrees) conditions its activity decreased to 2 and 10 times, respectively. Based on the kinetic estimations it was proposed, that the essential changes of properties of the anaerobic microflora investigated was occurred during the acclimation to low temperature. The psychrotrophic microorganisms played the main role in the process of organic matter degradation at low temperature in the studied system. The pure cultures of saccharolitic and acetogenic psychrotrophic bacteria those are capable to grow in the wide range of temperature, from 0 degrees to 35 degrees C were isolated. Methanosarcina and methanothrix ix were detected in the enrichment cultures growing with acetate at 6 degrees C.
A new psychroactive saccharolytic anaerobic organism was isolated from cattle manure digested at ... more A new psychroactive saccharolytic anaerobic organism was isolated from cattle manure digested at 6 degrees C. The organism is a Gram-positive oligosporous motile rod measuring 0.5-0.6 by 2.1-5.0 microns. It utilizes glucose, fructose, maltose, arabinose, xylose, cellobiose, galactose, and mannose. Fermentation products are acetate, ethanol, lactate, formate, H2, and CO2. Growth is possible within a temperature range of 1-30 degrees C, with an optimum at 20-25 degrees C, and a pH range of 5.5-8.3, with an optimum at 6.8. The DNA GC content is 35.6 mol %. The organism was classified as a new species of the genus Clostridium, C. fimetarium sp. nov. The type strain is Z-2189.
Bacterial consumption of CO, a major atmospheric pollutant, has been described in the literature ... more Bacterial consumption of CO, a major atmospheric pollutant, has been described in the literature long ago, but often with controversial data. Attempts were made, therefore, to isolate and study a broader spectrum of aerobic CO bacteria in order to better understand their ecology.About 100 samples from various locations in the USSR (water, mud, junkyard, or garden, soil etc.) were inoculated into mineral medium and incubated under 80% CO and 20% O2. Such enrichments yielded a large number of strains representing 5-6 different bacterial species. The highest number of CO utilizers came from fresh samples of polluted, moist soil or mud. Some mixed cultures were composed of vitamin-dependent bacteria living together in a state of protocooperation. Seven strains (previously already partially described) were studied in greater detail. They are regarded as "carboxydobacteria." Six carboxydobacteria also utilized hydrogen, but none of the 7 cultures grew with methane or formate. The optimal concentration of, and sensitivity to, CO varied with the strains. Reducedvs. oxidized spectra revealed in all cultures the presence ofb-, c-, anda-type cytochromes, indicating a functioning electron transport chain when grown under CO. Isotope experiments with(14)C indicated that CO was assimilated only after oxidation to CO2, the pathway being the normal Calvin cycle reaction sequence as observed in other chemolithotrophs. The key enzymes of this sequence were shown to be present and active.Organotrophic growth of carboxydobacteria was obtained with a number of compounds such as organic acids, primary alcohols, carbohydrates, and amino acids. A description of properties of the 7 test strains is given. Their ecological niche(s) seem to be where facultatively anaerobic bacteria produce organic intermediates as well as H2 and CO. Pellicle formation indicates their presence on the water surface (neuston layer). Relationships with hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are discussed and explained on ecological grounds.
... In Advances in Microbml Ecology, edn 2. Edited by Alexander M. New York. ... 38 PANIKOV NS, S... more ... In Advances in Microbml Ecology, edn 2. Edited by Alexander M. New York. ... 38 PANIKOV NS, SEMENOV AM, TARASOV AL, BELJAEV AS, KRAVCHENKO IK, SMAGINA iV, PALEEVA MV, ZELENEV VV, SKUPCHENKO IV: Production and Consumption of Methane in Soils of ...
Anaerobic digestion of agricultural biomass or wastes can offer renewable energy, to help meet th... more Anaerobic digestion of agricultural biomass or wastes can offer renewable energy, to help meet the rise in energy demands. The performance of an anaerobic digester considerably depends upon the complex interactions between bacterial and archaeal microbiome, which is greatly influenced by environmental factors. In the present study, we evaluate a microbial community of digester located at two different geographical locations, to understand whether the biogeographical proximity of a digester to a geothermally active region has any influence on microbial composition. The comparative microbial community profiling, highlights coexistence of specific bacterial and archaeal representatives (especially, Prosthecochloris sp., Conexibacter sp., Crenarchaeota isolate (Caldivirga sp.), Metallosphaera sp., Pyrobaculum sp. and Acidianus sp.) in a digester with close proximity to geothermally active region (Site I) and their absence in a digester located far-off from geothermally active region (Site II). A Sörensen's index of similarity of 83.33% and 66.66% for bacterial and archaeal community was observed in both the reactors, respectively.
Microcyclus aquaticus Z-238 which had been isolated as a methanol oxidizing culture was found to ... more Microcyclus aquaticus Z-238 which had been isolated as a methanol oxidizing culture was found to be capable of growth in the atmosphere of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the presence of yeast extract. Autotrophic growth of the culture in the atmosphere of hydrogen required biotin or casaminic acids.
Assimilation products of 14C-bicarbonate and carbon-14C oxide were studied in two carboxydobacter... more Assimilation products of 14C-bicarbonate and carbon-14C oxide were studied in two carboxydobacteria Seliberia carboxydohydrogena and Achromobacter carboxydus which differed in their ability for chemolithoautrophous growth in the presence of hydrogen. The dynamics and composition of labeled products formed upon assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate in the presence of unlabeled carbon oxide by the two organisms, the composition of products formed upon assimilation of 14CO by suspensions of S. carboxydohydrogena Z-1062 during 5 minutes, and the dynamics and composition of labeled assimilates of A. carboxydus Z-1171 after incubation in the presence of 14CO, were found to be consistent with those expected in the action of the reductive pentose phosphate Calvin cycle. The similarity of products formed upon assimilation of 14CO2 and 14CO suggests that CO is first oxidized to CO2, and only is assimilated.
The incorporation of 14CO into acid-stable assimilation products by Pseudomonas gazotrophia Z-115... more The incorporation of 14CO into acid-stable assimilation products by Pseudomonas gazotrophia Z-1156 is characterized by a slow rate at the beginning, contrary to the rectilinear kinetics for incorporation of the bicarbonate 14C in the presence of 12CO. The assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate decelerates in the absence of CO. The relative content of 14C is the highest in phosphorylated compounds upon the shortest possible incubation of the cells of P. gazotropha Z-1156 (5 min) in the presence of 14CO and O2, and decreases in the process of incubation. The bulk of radioactivity is found in aspartate and glutamate. The composition of products formed upon the assimilation of 14CO and NaH14CO3 (in the presence of 12CO) during 15 min is similar. The key enzymes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle have been found in the cell extracts of P. gazotropha A-1156. The specific activity of carboxylating enzymes of the Calvin cycle in the cell extracts increases in the course of proportional growth and sharply decreases when the growth of the culture decelerates. The activity of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (EC. 4.1.1.39) is always by one-two orders lower than that of ribulose phosphate isomerase (EC. 5.3.1.6) and phosphoribulokinase (EC.2.7.1.19), but is similar to the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC. 4.1.1.31). The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC. 4.1.1.32) has not been detected in the cells extracts of P. gazotropha Z-1156.
Landfills and dumps are important sources of atmospheric methane. There is no generally accepted ... more Landfills and dumps are important sources of atmospheric methane. There is no generally accepted estimate of the influence of methane oxidation on landfill methane emissions. The present work aimed to analyse different methods for the investigation of methane emission and oxidation in methane-producing environments (wetlands, landfills, sludge checks), and to develop the precise procedure for the landfills. The combination of geochemical and microbiological methods to estimate and monitor the oxidation and emission of methane in landfills during different seasons is proposed. It includes the measurements, both on the surface and at different depths (up to 1 m) of landfill ground of the following parameters: (1) concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen; (2) quantity of 13C isotope in gas samples; (3) methane-oxidation activity of landfill grounds assayed with two different methods: (a) in conditions of no moisture or substrate limitations, and (b) in conditions with a minimal deviation to in situ conditions; (4) the density of methanotrophic microbial population.
The acclimated microbial association fermenting cattle manure at 6 degrees C with methane product... more The acclimated microbial association fermenting cattle manure at 6 degrees C with methane production was obtained by a long-time (2.5 years) autoselection. It is shown that the basic barrier to carry out this process at low temperature is long-time period of adaptation of microbial community. It is removed by addition of the psychrophilic barm obtained. After cultivating of this psychrophilic methanogenic association under mesophilic (35 degrees) and thermophilic (55 degrees) conditions its activity decreased to 2 and 10 times, respectively. Based on the kinetic estimations it was proposed, that the essential changes of properties of the anaerobic microflora investigated was occurred during the acclimation to low temperature. The psychrotrophic microorganisms played the main role in the process of organic matter degradation at low temperature in the studied system. The pure cultures of saccharolitic and acetogenic psychrotrophic bacteria those are capable to grow in the wide range of temperature, from 0 degrees to 35 degrees C were isolated. Methanosarcina and methanothrix ix were detected in the enrichment cultures growing with acetate at 6 degrees C.
A new psychroactive saccharolytic anaerobic organism was isolated from cattle manure digested at ... more A new psychroactive saccharolytic anaerobic organism was isolated from cattle manure digested at 6 degrees C. The organism is a Gram-positive oligosporous motile rod measuring 0.5-0.6 by 2.1-5.0 microns. It utilizes glucose, fructose, maltose, arabinose, xylose, cellobiose, galactose, and mannose. Fermentation products are acetate, ethanol, lactate, formate, H2, and CO2. Growth is possible within a temperature range of 1-30 degrees C, with an optimum at 20-25 degrees C, and a pH range of 5.5-8.3, with an optimum at 6.8. The DNA GC content is 35.6 mol %. The organism was classified as a new species of the genus Clostridium, C. fimetarium sp. nov. The type strain is Z-2189.
Bacterial consumption of CO, a major atmospheric pollutant, has been described in the literature ... more Bacterial consumption of CO, a major atmospheric pollutant, has been described in the literature long ago, but often with controversial data. Attempts were made, therefore, to isolate and study a broader spectrum of aerobic CO bacteria in order to better understand their ecology.About 100 samples from various locations in the USSR (water, mud, junkyard, or garden, soil etc.) were inoculated into mineral medium and incubated under 80% CO and 20% O2. Such enrichments yielded a large number of strains representing 5-6 different bacterial species. The highest number of CO utilizers came from fresh samples of polluted, moist soil or mud. Some mixed cultures were composed of vitamin-dependent bacteria living together in a state of protocooperation. Seven strains (previously already partially described) were studied in greater detail. They are regarded as "carboxydobacteria." Six carboxydobacteria also utilized hydrogen, but none of the 7 cultures grew with methane or formate. The optimal concentration of, and sensitivity to, CO varied with the strains. Reducedvs. oxidized spectra revealed in all cultures the presence ofb-, c-, anda-type cytochromes, indicating a functioning electron transport chain when grown under CO. Isotope experiments with(14)C indicated that CO was assimilated only after oxidation to CO2, the pathway being the normal Calvin cycle reaction sequence as observed in other chemolithotrophs. The key enzymes of this sequence were shown to be present and active.Organotrophic growth of carboxydobacteria was obtained with a number of compounds such as organic acids, primary alcohols, carbohydrates, and amino acids. A description of properties of the 7 test strains is given. Their ecological niche(s) seem to be where facultatively anaerobic bacteria produce organic intermediates as well as H2 and CO. Pellicle formation indicates their presence on the water surface (neuston layer). Relationships with hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are discussed and explained on ecological grounds.
... In Advances in Microbml Ecology, edn 2. Edited by Alexander M. New York. ... 38 PANIKOV NS, S... more ... In Advances in Microbml Ecology, edn 2. Edited by Alexander M. New York. ... 38 PANIKOV NS, SEMENOV AM, TARASOV AL, BELJAEV AS, KRAVCHENKO IK, SMAGINA iV, PALEEVA MV, ZELENEV VV, SKUPCHENKO IV: Production and Consumption of Methane in Soils of ...
Anaerobic digestion of agricultural biomass or wastes can offer renewable energy, to help meet th... more Anaerobic digestion of agricultural biomass or wastes can offer renewable energy, to help meet the rise in energy demands. The performance of an anaerobic digester considerably depends upon the complex interactions between bacterial and archaeal microbiome, which is greatly influenced by environmental factors. In the present study, we evaluate a microbial community of digester located at two different geographical locations, to understand whether the biogeographical proximity of a digester to a geothermally active region has any influence on microbial composition. The comparative microbial community profiling, highlights coexistence of specific bacterial and archaeal representatives (especially, Prosthecochloris sp., Conexibacter sp., Crenarchaeota isolate (Caldivirga sp.), Metallosphaera sp., Pyrobaculum sp. and Acidianus sp.) in a digester with close proximity to geothermally active region (Site I) and their absence in a digester located far-off from geothermally active region (Site II). A Sörensen's index of similarity of 83.33% and 66.66% for bacterial and archaeal community was observed in both the reactors, respectively.
Microcyclus aquaticus Z-238 which had been isolated as a methanol oxidizing culture was found to ... more Microcyclus aquaticus Z-238 which had been isolated as a methanol oxidizing culture was found to be capable of growth in the atmosphere of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the presence of yeast extract. Autotrophic growth of the culture in the atmosphere of hydrogen required biotin or casaminic acids.
Assimilation products of 14C-bicarbonate and carbon-14C oxide were studied in two carboxydobacter... more Assimilation products of 14C-bicarbonate and carbon-14C oxide were studied in two carboxydobacteria Seliberia carboxydohydrogena and Achromobacter carboxydus which differed in their ability for chemolithoautrophous growth in the presence of hydrogen. The dynamics and composition of labeled products formed upon assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate in the presence of unlabeled carbon oxide by the two organisms, the composition of products formed upon assimilation of 14CO by suspensions of S. carboxydohydrogena Z-1062 during 5 minutes, and the dynamics and composition of labeled assimilates of A. carboxydus Z-1171 after incubation in the presence of 14CO, were found to be consistent with those expected in the action of the reductive pentose phosphate Calvin cycle. The similarity of products formed upon assimilation of 14CO2 and 14CO suggests that CO is first oxidized to CO2, and only is assimilated.
The incorporation of 14CO into acid-stable assimilation products by Pseudomonas gazotrophia Z-115... more The incorporation of 14CO into acid-stable assimilation products by Pseudomonas gazotrophia Z-1156 is characterized by a slow rate at the beginning, contrary to the rectilinear kinetics for incorporation of the bicarbonate 14C in the presence of 12CO. The assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate decelerates in the absence of CO. The relative content of 14C is the highest in phosphorylated compounds upon the shortest possible incubation of the cells of P. gazotropha Z-1156 (5 min) in the presence of 14CO and O2, and decreases in the process of incubation. The bulk of radioactivity is found in aspartate and glutamate. The composition of products formed upon the assimilation of 14CO and NaH14CO3 (in the presence of 12CO) during 15 min is similar. The key enzymes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle have been found in the cell extracts of P. gazotropha A-1156. The specific activity of carboxylating enzymes of the Calvin cycle in the cell extracts increases in the course of proportional growth and sharply decreases when the growth of the culture decelerates. The activity of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (EC. 4.1.1.39) is always by one-two orders lower than that of ribulose phosphate isomerase (EC. 5.3.1.6) and phosphoribulokinase (EC.2.7.1.19), but is similar to the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC. 4.1.1.31). The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC. 4.1.1.32) has not been detected in the cells extracts of P. gazotropha Z-1156.
Landfills and dumps are important sources of atmospheric methane. There is no generally accepted ... more Landfills and dumps are important sources of atmospheric methane. There is no generally accepted estimate of the influence of methane oxidation on landfill methane emissions. The present work aimed to analyse different methods for the investigation of methane emission and oxidation in methane-producing environments (wetlands, landfills, sludge checks), and to develop the precise procedure for the landfills. The combination of geochemical and microbiological methods to estimate and monitor the oxidation and emission of methane in landfills during different seasons is proposed. It includes the measurements, both on the surface and at different depths (up to 1 m) of landfill ground of the following parameters: (1) concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen; (2) quantity of 13C isotope in gas samples; (3) methane-oxidation activity of landfill grounds assayed with two different methods: (a) in conditions of no moisture or substrate limitations, and (b) in conditions with a minimal deviation to in situ conditions; (4) the density of methanotrophic microbial population.
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