The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C... more The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C.P.) as well as restricted feeding in biofloc culture on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and water quality dynamics. The experiment included five treatments with duplicate tanks per treatment. Three normal feeding treatments and two restricted feeding treatments were adopted in the experiment. Two feed inputs were employed in the experiment: 1) The normal feeding rates which ranged 1.4 to 1.8% of fish biomass on daily basis according to season for the 25, 30 and 35% crude protein treatments, 2) The restricted feeding rate at 80% of the normal feeding rates (1.12 to 1.44% of fish biomass daily) according to season for the 30% and 35% crude protein treatments. Molasses were dissolved in water at dry feed to molasses ratio of 1:1 on a daily basis in order to develop biofloc and nourish heterotrophic bacteria. Starting with average initial weights of 13.5 to 20.3 grams/fish, Nile tilapia juveniles grew to harvest weight of 310.2 to 342.1 grams/fish. Increasing dietary protein from 30% to 35% within the biofloc treatments did not improve final body weight at harvest. Daily weight gains (0.82 g/fish/day) were slightly improved with the 30% crude protein diet compared to those of the 25% crude protein diet (p<0.05). Similar daily weight gains were obtained when fish were reared under the 30% restricted protein treatment (0.77 g/fish/day) compared to that of the 30% crude protein treatment. The higher crude protein content in the 35% crude protein treatment did not improve daily weight gain of Nile tilapia compared to the 30% crude protein treatment (p>0.05). It is recommended to feed Nile tilapia at crude protein level of 30% in order to obtain acceptable growth with economic returns. Nile tilapia reared under the 30% crude protein treatment had better PER ratio (1.96) and lower feed costs (15.11 L.E. /kilogram fish) at lower feeding rate compared to the 25% crude protein treatment.
The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C... more The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C.P.) as well as restricted feeding in biofloc culture on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and water quality dynamics. The experiment included five treatments with duplicate tanks per treatment. Three normal feeding treatments and two restricted feeding treatments were adopted in the experiment. Two feed inputs were employed in the experiment: 1) The normal feeding rates which ranged 1.4 to 1.8% of fish biomass on daily basis according to season for the 25, 30 and 35% crude protein treatments, 2) The restricted feeding rate at 80% of the normal feeding rates (1.12 to 1.44% of fish biomass daily) according to season for the 30% and 35% crude protein treatments. Molasses were dissolved in water at dry feed to molasses ratio of 1:1 on a daily basis in order to develop biofloc and nourish heterotrophic bacteria. Starting with average initial weights of 13.5 to 20.3 grams/fish, Nile tilapia juveniles grew to harvest weight of 310.2 to 342.1 grams/fish. Increasing dietary protein from 30% to 35% within the biofloc treatments did not improve final body weight at harvest. Daily weight gains (0.82 g/fish/day) were slightly improved with the 30% crude protein diet compared to those of the 25% crude protein diet (p<0.05). Similar daily weight gains were obtained when fish were reared under the 30% restricted protein treatment (0.77 g/fish/day) compared to that of the 30% crude protein treatment. The higher crude protein content in the 35% crude protein treatment did not improve daily weight gain of Nile tilapia compared to the 30% crude protein treatment (p>0.05). It is recommended to feed Nile tilapia at crude protein level of 30% in order to obtain acceptable growth with economic returns. Nile tilapia reared under the 30% crude protein treatment had better PER ratio (1.96) and lower feed costs (15.11 L.E. /kilogram fish) at lower feeding rate compared to the 25% crude protein treatment.
To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the Th1 mediated cytokine IFN-alpha on schistosomia... more To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the Th1 mediated cytokine IFN-alpha on schistosomiasis, this cytokine was weekly injected into mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni, beginning from day 0 (group II), week 3 (group III), week 6 (group IV) and week 10 (group V) post-infection. TGF-beta1 serum levels were estimated on a weekly basis and beginning one week after initiation of IFN-alpha therapy, while all animals were sacrified on week 14 to be used for egg counts in liver and small intestine, oogram study for determination of the maturity of deposited eggs, and histopathological examination of stained liver sections. IFN-alpha treated groups were characterized by a more intense oviposition in the intestine (liver/intestine ratio less than 1), with higher egg numbers the earlier IFN-alpha was administered. Oograms of the intestine indicated the level of immature eggs to be statistically significantly higher in group II, III and IV than in the control group I (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In IFN-alpha medicated mice, the mean numbers and diameters of hepatic granulomas were less than in GI, in addition to a lower representation of fibrocellular and fibrous granulomas among them (all parameters p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), especially in Gs IV &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; V. The inflammatory cell population in the form of eosinophils, histiocytes and giant cells was more pronounced in Gs III, IV &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; V. TGF-beta1 serum levels showed a progressive rise, however more pronounced in the untreated control. A statistically positive significant was established between TGF-beta1 levels and number, size and percentage of fibrotic hepatic granulomas in all groups.
The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C... more The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C.P.) as well as restricted feeding in biofloc culture on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and water quality dynamics. The experiment included five treatments with duplicate tanks per treatment. Three normal feeding treatments and two restricted feeding treatments were adopted in the experiment. Two feed inputs were employed in the experiment: 1) The normal feeding rates which ranged 1.4 to 1.8% of fish biomass on daily basis according to season for the 25, 30 and 35% crude protein treatments, 2) The restricted feeding rate at 80% of the normal feeding rates (1.12 to 1.44% of fish biomass daily) according to season for the 30% and 35% crude protein treatments. Molasses were dissolved in water at dry feed to molasses ratio of 1:1 on a daily basis in order to develop biofloc and nourish heterotrophic bacteria. Starting with average initial weights of 13.5 to 20.3 grams/fish, Nile tilapia juveniles grew to harvest weight of 310.2 to 342.1 grams/fish. Increasing dietary protein from 30% to 35% within the biofloc treatments did not improve final body weight at harvest. Daily weight gains (0.82 g/fish/day) were slightly improved with the 30% crude protein diet compared to those of the 25% crude protein diet (p<0.05). Similar daily weight gains were obtained when fish were reared under the 30% restricted protein treatment (0.77 g/fish/day) compared to that of the 30% crude protein treatment. The higher crude protein content in the 35% crude protein treatment did not improve daily weight gain of Nile tilapia compared to the 30% crude protein treatment (p>0.05). It is recommended to feed Nile tilapia at crude protein level of 30% in order to obtain acceptable growth with economic returns. Nile tilapia reared under the 30% crude protein treatment had better PER ratio (1.96) and lower feed costs (15.11 L.E. /kilogram fish) at lower feeding rate compared to the 25% crude protein treatment.
The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C... more The current experiment was designed to test the effect of crude protein content (25, 30 and 35% C.P.) as well as restricted feeding in biofloc culture on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and water quality dynamics. The experiment included five treatments with duplicate tanks per treatment. Three normal feeding treatments and two restricted feeding treatments were adopted in the experiment. Two feed inputs were employed in the experiment: 1) The normal feeding rates which ranged 1.4 to 1.8% of fish biomass on daily basis according to season for the 25, 30 and 35% crude protein treatments, 2) The restricted feeding rate at 80% of the normal feeding rates (1.12 to 1.44% of fish biomass daily) according to season for the 30% and 35% crude protein treatments. Molasses were dissolved in water at dry feed to molasses ratio of 1:1 on a daily basis in order to develop biofloc and nourish heterotrophic bacteria. Starting with average initial weights of 13.5 to 20.3 grams/fish, Nile tilapia juveniles grew to harvest weight of 310.2 to 342.1 grams/fish. Increasing dietary protein from 30% to 35% within the biofloc treatments did not improve final body weight at harvest. Daily weight gains (0.82 g/fish/day) were slightly improved with the 30% crude protein diet compared to those of the 25% crude protein diet (p<0.05). Similar daily weight gains were obtained when fish were reared under the 30% restricted protein treatment (0.77 g/fish/day) compared to that of the 30% crude protein treatment. The higher crude protein content in the 35% crude protein treatment did not improve daily weight gain of Nile tilapia compared to the 30% crude protein treatment (p>0.05). It is recommended to feed Nile tilapia at crude protein level of 30% in order to obtain acceptable growth with economic returns. Nile tilapia reared under the 30% crude protein treatment had better PER ratio (1.96) and lower feed costs (15.11 L.E. /kilogram fish) at lower feeding rate compared to the 25% crude protein treatment.
To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the Th1 mediated cytokine IFN-alpha on schistosomia... more To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the Th1 mediated cytokine IFN-alpha on schistosomiasis, this cytokine was weekly injected into mice experimentally infected with S. mansoni, beginning from day 0 (group II), week 3 (group III), week 6 (group IV) and week 10 (group V) post-infection. TGF-beta1 serum levels were estimated on a weekly basis and beginning one week after initiation of IFN-alpha therapy, while all animals were sacrified on week 14 to be used for egg counts in liver and small intestine, oogram study for determination of the maturity of deposited eggs, and histopathological examination of stained liver sections. IFN-alpha treated groups were characterized by a more intense oviposition in the intestine (liver/intestine ratio less than 1), with higher egg numbers the earlier IFN-alpha was administered. Oograms of the intestine indicated the level of immature eggs to be statistically significantly higher in group II, III and IV than in the control group I (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In IFN-alpha medicated mice, the mean numbers and diameters of hepatic granulomas were less than in GI, in addition to a lower representation of fibrocellular and fibrous granulomas among them (all parameters p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), especially in Gs IV &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; V. The inflammatory cell population in the form of eosinophils, histiocytes and giant cells was more pronounced in Gs III, IV &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; V. TGF-beta1 serum levels showed a progressive rise, however more pronounced in the untreated control. A statistically positive significant was established between TGF-beta1 levels and number, size and percentage of fibrotic hepatic granulomas in all groups.
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