Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications, 2015
Human cognitive and perception processes have a great tolerance for imprecision or uncertainty. F... more Human cognitive and perception processes have a great tolerance for imprecision or uncertainty. For this reason, the notions of perception and cognition have great importance in solving many decision making problems in engineering, medicine, science, and social science as there are innumerable uncertainties in real-world phenomena. These uncertainties can be broadly classified as either type one uncertainty arising from the random behavior of physical processes or type two uncertainty arising from human perception and cognition processes. Statistical theory can be used to model the former, but lacks the sophistication to process the latter. The theory of fuzzy logic has proven to be very effective in processing type two uncertainty. New computing methods based on fuzzy logic can lead to greater adaptability, tractability, robustness, a lower cost solution, and better rapport with reality in the development of intelligent systems. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly pose and answer queries about quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms like middle class, poor, low inflation, medium inflation, and high inflation. Imprecise terms like these in natural languages should be considered to have qualitative definitions, quantitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, fuzzy quantitative definitions, type-one fuzzy quantitative definitions, and interval type-two fuzzy quantitative definitions. There can be crisp queries, crisp answers, type-one fuzzy queries, typeone fuzzy answers, interval type-two fuzzy queries, and interval type-two fuzzy answers.
Humans often mimic nature in the development of new machines or systems. The human brain, particu... more Humans often mimic nature in the development of new machines or systems. The human brain, particularly its faculty for perception and cognition, is the most intriguing model for developing intelligent systems. Human cognitive processes have a great tolerance for imprecision or uncertainty. This is of great value in solving many engineering problems as there are innumerable uncertainties in real-world phenomena. These uncertainties can be broadly classified as either uncertainties arising from the random behavior of physical processes or uncertainties arising from human perception and cognition processes. Statistical theory can be used to model the former, but lacks the sophistication to process the latter. The theory of fuzzy logic has proven to be very effective in processing the latter. The methodology of computing with words and the computational theory of perceptions are branches of fuzzy logic that deal with the manipulation of words that act as labels for perceptions expressed in natural language propositions. New computing methods based on fuzzy logic can lead to greater adaptability, tractability, robustness, a lower cost solution, and better rapport with reality in the development of intelligent systems.
Cases on Technologies in Education from Classroom 2.0 to Society 5.0, 2021
There is an extreme lack of understanding of science among much of the public. This has many nega... more There is an extreme lack of understanding of science among much of the public. This has many negative repercussions with people denying climate change, believing the earth is flat, thinking that COVID-19 is a hoax, etc. To increase awareness of science and get people interested in studying science, this chapter proposes 17 new annual celebratory days for frequently-used fundamental physical constants. Also, this chapter describes six annual celebratory days previously proposed in publications by Ashu M. G. Solo for increasing awareness of science, especially greenhouse gas emissions that are increasing the severity of climate change.
Cases on Technologies in Education from Classroom 2.0 to Society 5.0, 2021
Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the internet age.... more Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the internet age. As technology advances, these become greater problems. These problems can cause serious damage to victims. This research chapter makes recommendations on how to educate the public to deal with online defamation, doxing, and impersonation. It concludes by proposing a field called "misinformation identification engineering" to develop algorithms and software to find, flag, or remove misinformation and disinformation on websites and in other documents.
Cases on Technologies in Education from Classroom 2.0 to Society 5.0, 2021
Fuzzy logic can deal with information arising from perception and cognition that is uncertain, im... more Fuzzy logic can deal with information arising from perception and cognition that is uncertain, imprecise, vague, partially true, or without sharp boundaries. Fuzzy logic can be used for assigning linguistic grades and for decision making and data mining with those linguistic grades by teachers, instructors, and professors. Many aspects of fuzzy logic including fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, fuzzy rules, fuzzy math, fuzzy database queries, computational theory of perceptions, and computing with words are useful in uncertainty management of linguistic evaluations for students. This chapter provides many examples of this after describing the theory of fuzzy logic.
Handbook of Research on Politics in the Computer Age, 2019
This chapter describes four interdisciplinary fields originated and defined by Ashu M. G. Solo in... more This chapter describes four interdisciplinary fields originated and defined by Ashu M. G. Solo in 2011 called political engineering, public policy engineering, computational politics, and computational public policy. Political engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in politics. Computational politics is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in politics. Political engineering and computational politics include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for political decision-making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, simulation, and expression. Public policy engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in public policy. Computational public policy is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in public policy. Public policy engineering and computational public policy include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for public policy formulation, decision-making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, and simulation. The chapter describes the scope of research and development in these fields, provides examples of research and development in these fields, and provides possible university curricula for academic programs in these fields.
Handbook of Research on Politics in the Computer Age, 2019
During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Wa... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Sen. John McCain and then-Sen. Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Similarly, middle class and poor are fuzzy sets. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining rich. Similarly, fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer queries about quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms in politics and public policy like middle class, poor, low inflation, medium inflation, and high inflation. Type-one or interval type-two fuzzy logic can be used for quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms. This chapter shows how to use type-one fuzzy logic and interval type-two fuzzy logic for this purpose, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Imprecise terms in natural languages should be considered to have qualitative definitions, quantitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, fuzzy quantitative definitions, type-one fuzzy quantitative definitions, and interval type-two fuzzy quantitative definitions.
Handbook of Research on Political Activism in the Information Age, 2014
This chapter defines a new field called “network politics.” Network politics refers to politics a... more This chapter defines a new field called “network politics.” Network politics refers to politics and networks. These networks include the Internet, private networks, cellular networks, telephone networks, radio networks, television networks, etc. Network politics includes the applications of networks to enable one or more individuals or organizations to engage in political communication. Furthermore, network politics includes government regulation of networks. Finally, network politics includes the accompanying issues that arise when networks are used for political communication or when there is government regulation of networks. The domain of network politics includes, but is not limited to, e-politics (social networking for driving revolutions and organizing protests, online petitions, political blogs and vlogs, whistleblower Web sites, online campaigning, e-participation, virtual town halls, e-voting, Internet freedom, access to information, net neutrality, etc.) and applications of other networks in politics (robocalling, text messaging, TV broadcasting, etc.). The definition of this field should significantly increase the pace of research and development in this important field.
During a presidential forum in the 2008 US presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warr... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 US presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Senator John McCain and then-Senator Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining rich. An imprecise natural language word like rich should be considered to have qualitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, and fuzzy quantitative definitions.
Proceedings of the International Conferences: Internet Technologies & Society and Sustainability, Technology and Education 2020, 2020
Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the Internet age.... more Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the Internet age. As technology advances, defamation, doxing, and impersonation become greater problems. Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation can cause serious damages to victims. The laws badly need to be updated to deal with defamation, doxing, and impersonation in the information age. This research paper makes 12 recommendations to effectively combat online defamation, doxing, and impersonation in different countries.
Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Internet Computing and Internet of Things (ICOMP’19), 2019
Online defamation and doxing are two of the major problems of the computer age. As technology adv... more Online defamation and doxing are two of the major problems of the computer age. As technology advances, defamation and doxing become greater problems. Defamation and doxing can cause serious damages to its victims. The laws badly need to be updated to deal with defamation and doxing in the information age. This research paper makes 11 recommendations to effectively combat online defamation and doxing in the United States of America.
Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government (EEE’16), 2016
During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Wa... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Senator John McCain and then-Senator Barack Obama to define "rich" with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because "rich" is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the "rich" fuzzy set. Interval type-two fuzzy logic can be used to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining "rich."
Abstract: This research paper defines a new field called network politics. Network politics refer... more Abstract: This research paper defines a new field called network politics. Network politics refers to politics and networks. These networks include the Internet, private networks, cellular networks, telephone networks, radio networks, television networks, etc. Network politics includes the applications of networks to enable one or more individuals or organizations to engage in political communication. Furthermore, network politics includes political regulation of networks.
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government (EEE'11), 2011
This research paper defines four new fields called public policy engineering, computational publi... more This research paper defines four new fields called public policy engineering, computational public policy, political engineering, and computational politics. Public policy engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in public policy. Computational public policy is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in public policy. Political engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in politics. Computational politics is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in politics. Public policy engineering and computational public policy include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for public policy formulation, decision making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, and simulation. Political engineering and computational politics include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for political decision making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, simulation, and expression. The definition of these four new fields will greatly increase the pace of research and development in these important fields.
Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government (EEE'10), 2010
Fuzzy logic can be used for assigning linguistic grades and for decision making and data mining w... more Fuzzy logic can be used for assigning linguistic grades and for decision making and data mining with those linguistic grades by teachers, instructors, and professors. Many aspects of fuzzy logic including fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, fuzzy rules, fuzzy math, fuzzy database queries, computational theory of perceptions, and computing with words are useful in uncertainty management of linguistic evaluations.
Proceedings of the International Conference on 2012 Information Society (i-Society 2012), 2012
During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Wa... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Senator John McCain and then-Senator Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren’s question about quantitatively defining rich.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2002
... The fuzzy rule base is used in an intelligent optimization system for multiobjective performa... more ... The fuzzy rule base is used in an intelligent optimization system for multiobjective performance optimization of power distribution operations. ... Fuzzy network parameter rules; 7.2.1.FZY-PAR-2: line section capacity; 7.2.2. FZY-PAR-3: equipment capacity; 7.2.3. FZY-PAR-4 and ...
Fifty Years of Fuzzy Logic and its Applications, 2015
Human cognitive and perception processes have a great tolerance for imprecision or uncertainty. F... more Human cognitive and perception processes have a great tolerance for imprecision or uncertainty. For this reason, the notions of perception and cognition have great importance in solving many decision making problems in engineering, medicine, science, and social science as there are innumerable uncertainties in real-world phenomena. These uncertainties can be broadly classified as either type one uncertainty arising from the random behavior of physical processes or type two uncertainty arising from human perception and cognition processes. Statistical theory can be used to model the former, but lacks the sophistication to process the latter. The theory of fuzzy logic has proven to be very effective in processing type two uncertainty. New computing methods based on fuzzy logic can lead to greater adaptability, tractability, robustness, a lower cost solution, and better rapport with reality in the development of intelligent systems. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly pose and answer queries about quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms like middle class, poor, low inflation, medium inflation, and high inflation. Imprecise terms like these in natural languages should be considered to have qualitative definitions, quantitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, fuzzy quantitative definitions, type-one fuzzy quantitative definitions, and interval type-two fuzzy quantitative definitions. There can be crisp queries, crisp answers, type-one fuzzy queries, typeone fuzzy answers, interval type-two fuzzy queries, and interval type-two fuzzy answers.
Humans often mimic nature in the development of new machines or systems. The human brain, particu... more Humans often mimic nature in the development of new machines or systems. The human brain, particularly its faculty for perception and cognition, is the most intriguing model for developing intelligent systems. Human cognitive processes have a great tolerance for imprecision or uncertainty. This is of great value in solving many engineering problems as there are innumerable uncertainties in real-world phenomena. These uncertainties can be broadly classified as either uncertainties arising from the random behavior of physical processes or uncertainties arising from human perception and cognition processes. Statistical theory can be used to model the former, but lacks the sophistication to process the latter. The theory of fuzzy logic has proven to be very effective in processing the latter. The methodology of computing with words and the computational theory of perceptions are branches of fuzzy logic that deal with the manipulation of words that act as labels for perceptions expressed in natural language propositions. New computing methods based on fuzzy logic can lead to greater adaptability, tractability, robustness, a lower cost solution, and better rapport with reality in the development of intelligent systems.
Cases on Technologies in Education from Classroom 2.0 to Society 5.0, 2021
There is an extreme lack of understanding of science among much of the public. This has many nega... more There is an extreme lack of understanding of science among much of the public. This has many negative repercussions with people denying climate change, believing the earth is flat, thinking that COVID-19 is a hoax, etc. To increase awareness of science and get people interested in studying science, this chapter proposes 17 new annual celebratory days for frequently-used fundamental physical constants. Also, this chapter describes six annual celebratory days previously proposed in publications by Ashu M. G. Solo for increasing awareness of science, especially greenhouse gas emissions that are increasing the severity of climate change.
Cases on Technologies in Education from Classroom 2.0 to Society 5.0, 2021
Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the internet age.... more Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the internet age. As technology advances, these become greater problems. These problems can cause serious damage to victims. This research chapter makes recommendations on how to educate the public to deal with online defamation, doxing, and impersonation. It concludes by proposing a field called "misinformation identification engineering" to develop algorithms and software to find, flag, or remove misinformation and disinformation on websites and in other documents.
Cases on Technologies in Education from Classroom 2.0 to Society 5.0, 2021
Fuzzy logic can deal with information arising from perception and cognition that is uncertain, im... more Fuzzy logic can deal with information arising from perception and cognition that is uncertain, imprecise, vague, partially true, or without sharp boundaries. Fuzzy logic can be used for assigning linguistic grades and for decision making and data mining with those linguistic grades by teachers, instructors, and professors. Many aspects of fuzzy logic including fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, fuzzy rules, fuzzy math, fuzzy database queries, computational theory of perceptions, and computing with words are useful in uncertainty management of linguistic evaluations for students. This chapter provides many examples of this after describing the theory of fuzzy logic.
Handbook of Research on Politics in the Computer Age, 2019
This chapter describes four interdisciplinary fields originated and defined by Ashu M. G. Solo in... more This chapter describes four interdisciplinary fields originated and defined by Ashu M. G. Solo in 2011 called political engineering, public policy engineering, computational politics, and computational public policy. Political engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in politics. Computational politics is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in politics. Political engineering and computational politics include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for political decision-making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, simulation, and expression. Public policy engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in public policy. Computational public policy is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in public policy. Public policy engineering and computational public policy include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for public policy formulation, decision-making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, and simulation. The chapter describes the scope of research and development in these fields, provides examples of research and development in these fields, and provides possible university curricula for academic programs in these fields.
Handbook of Research on Politics in the Computer Age, 2019
During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Wa... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Sen. John McCain and then-Sen. Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Similarly, middle class and poor are fuzzy sets. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining rich. Similarly, fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer queries about quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms in politics and public policy like middle class, poor, low inflation, medium inflation, and high inflation. Type-one or interval type-two fuzzy logic can be used for quantitatively defining imprecise linguistic terms. This chapter shows how to use type-one fuzzy logic and interval type-two fuzzy logic for this purpose, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. Imprecise terms in natural languages should be considered to have qualitative definitions, quantitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, fuzzy quantitative definitions, type-one fuzzy quantitative definitions, and interval type-two fuzzy quantitative definitions.
Handbook of Research on Political Activism in the Information Age, 2014
This chapter defines a new field called “network politics.” Network politics refers to politics a... more This chapter defines a new field called “network politics.” Network politics refers to politics and networks. These networks include the Internet, private networks, cellular networks, telephone networks, radio networks, television networks, etc. Network politics includes the applications of networks to enable one or more individuals or organizations to engage in political communication. Furthermore, network politics includes government regulation of networks. Finally, network politics includes the accompanying issues that arise when networks are used for political communication or when there is government regulation of networks. The domain of network politics includes, but is not limited to, e-politics (social networking for driving revolutions and organizing protests, online petitions, political blogs and vlogs, whistleblower Web sites, online campaigning, e-participation, virtual town halls, e-voting, Internet freedom, access to information, net neutrality, etc.) and applications of other networks in politics (robocalling, text messaging, TV broadcasting, etc.). The definition of this field should significantly increase the pace of research and development in this important field.
During a presidential forum in the 2008 US presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warr... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 US presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Senator John McCain and then-Senator Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining rich. An imprecise natural language word like rich should be considered to have qualitative definitions, crisp quantitative definitions, and fuzzy quantitative definitions.
Proceedings of the International Conferences: Internet Technologies & Society and Sustainability, Technology and Education 2020, 2020
Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the Internet age.... more Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation are three of the major problems of the Internet age. As technology advances, defamation, doxing, and impersonation become greater problems. Online defamation, doxing, and impersonation can cause serious damages to victims. The laws badly need to be updated to deal with defamation, doxing, and impersonation in the information age. This research paper makes 12 recommendations to effectively combat online defamation, doxing, and impersonation in different countries.
Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Internet Computing and Internet of Things (ICOMP’19), 2019
Online defamation and doxing are two of the major problems of the computer age. As technology adv... more Online defamation and doxing are two of the major problems of the computer age. As technology advances, defamation and doxing become greater problems. Defamation and doxing can cause serious damages to its victims. The laws badly need to be updated to deal with defamation and doxing in the information age. This research paper makes 11 recommendations to effectively combat online defamation and doxing in the United States of America.
Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government (EEE’16), 2016
During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Wa... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Senator John McCain and then-Senator Barack Obama to define "rich" with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because "rich" is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the "rich" fuzzy set. Interval type-two fuzzy logic can be used to properly ask and answer Warren's question about quantitatively defining "rich."
Abstract: This research paper defines a new field called network politics. Network politics refer... more Abstract: This research paper defines a new field called network politics. Network politics refers to politics and networks. These networks include the Internet, private networks, cellular networks, telephone networks, radio networks, television networks, etc. Network politics includes the applications of networks to enable one or more individuals or organizations to engage in political communication. Furthermore, network politics includes political regulation of networks.
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government (EEE'11), 2011
This research paper defines four new fields called public policy engineering, computational publi... more This research paper defines four new fields called public policy engineering, computational public policy, political engineering, and computational politics. Public policy engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in public policy. Computational public policy is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in public policy. Political engineering is the application of engineering, computer science, mathematics, or natural science to solving problems in politics. Computational politics is the application of computer science or mathematics to solving problems in politics. Public policy engineering and computational public policy include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for public policy formulation, decision making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, and simulation. Political engineering and computational politics include, but are not limited to, principles and methods for political decision making, analysis, modeling, optimization, forecasting, simulation, and expression. The definition of these four new fields will greatly increase the pace of research and development in these important fields.
Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government (EEE'10), 2010
Fuzzy logic can be used for assigning linguistic grades and for decision making and data mining w... more Fuzzy logic can be used for assigning linguistic grades and for decision making and data mining with those linguistic grades by teachers, instructors, and professors. Many aspects of fuzzy logic including fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, fuzzy rules, fuzzy math, fuzzy database queries, computational theory of perceptions, and computing with words are useful in uncertainty management of linguistic evaluations.
Proceedings of the International Conference on 2012 Information Society (i-Society 2012), 2012
During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Wa... more During a presidential forum in the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, the moderator, Pastor Rick Warren, wanted Senator John McCain and then-Senator Barack Obama to define rich with a specific number. Warren wanted to know at what specific income level a person goes from being not rich to rich. The problem with this question is that there is no specific income at which a person makes the leap from being not rich to being rich. This is because rich is a fuzzy set, not a crisp set, with different incomes having different degrees of membership in the rich fuzzy set. Fuzzy logic is needed to properly ask and answer Warren’s question about quantitatively defining rich.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2002
... The fuzzy rule base is used in an intelligent optimization system for multiobjective performa... more ... The fuzzy rule base is used in an intelligent optimization system for multiobjective performance optimization of power distribution operations. ... Fuzzy network parameter rules; 7.2.1.FZY-PAR-2: line section capacity; 7.2.2. FZY-PAR-3: equipment capacity; 7.2.3. FZY-PAR-4 and ...
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Papers by Ashu M G Solo