Andre Ngo

FIGURE 1. Map of Baja California, the Gulf of California, southwestern USA, and northwestern Mexico illustrating the geographic location of samples of Phyllodactylus included in this study. Sample numbers correspond to those presented in Table 1. The break in geographic ranges in the Isthmus of La Paz region is due to unsuitable natural habitat (lack of rocky outcrops). Gray area represents the geographic range of P. nocticolus, black area represents the geographic range of P. xanti, striped area represents the range of P. unctus.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on Bayesian inference (BI) of the concatenated dataset. Numbers above and adjacent to nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0) sampled from the posterior distribution of trees. Gekko gecko was removed from the tree due to its long branch length.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on Bayesian inference (BI) of the concatenated dataset. Numbers above and adjacent to nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0) sampled from the posterior distribution of trees. Gekko gecko was removed from the tree due to its long branch length.

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on maximum parsimony (MP; A) and Bayesian inference (BI; B) of nuclear DNA (nDNA). Numbers above nodes on MP tree represent nonparametric bootstrap proportions (BSP). Numbers above nodes on the Bayesian topology represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0). Refer to text for a description of loci and total base pairs (bp) sequenced.

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on maximum parsimony (MP; A) and Bayesian inference (BI; B) of nuclear DNA (nDNA). Numbers above nodes on MP tree represent nonparametric bootstrap proportions (BSP). Numbers above nodes on the Bayesian topology represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0). Refer to text for a description of loci and total base pairs (bp) sequenced.

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on maximum parsimony (MP; A) and Bayesian inference (BI; B) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Numbers above nodes on MP tree represent nonparametric bootstrap proportions (BSP). Numbers above nodes on the Bayesian topology represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0). Gekko gecko was removed from the BI tree due to its long branch length. Refer to text for a description of loci and total base pairs (bp) sequenced.

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on maximum parsimony (MP; A) and Bayesian inference (BI; B) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Numbers above nodes on MP tree represent nonparametric bootstrap proportions (BSP). Numbers above nodes on the Bayesian topology represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0). Gekko gecko was removed from the BI tree due to its long branch length. Refer to text for a description of loci and total base pairs (bp) sequenced.

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on Bayesian inference (BI) of the concatenated dataset. Numbers above and adjacent to nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0) sampled from the posterior distribution of trees. Gekko gecko was removed from the tree due to its long branch length.

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on a branch-and-bound maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of the concatenated dataset. Numbers above nodes represent MP bootstrap proportions (BSP) resulting from 10,000 pseudoreplicates.

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on a branch-and-bound maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of the concatenated dataset. Numbers above nodes represent MP bootstrap proportions (BSP) resulting from 10,000 pseudoreplicates.

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on maximum parsimony (MP; A) and Bayesian inference (BI; B) of nuclear DNA (nDNA). Numbers above nodes on MP tree represent nonparametric bootstrap proportions (BSP). Numbers above nodes on the Bayesian topology represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0). Refer to text for a description of loci and total base pairs (bp) sequenced.

Relatively little is known about spatial patterns of cryptic diversity in tropical species and the processes that generate them. Few studies examine the geographic distribution of genetic lineages in Southeast Asia, an area hypothesized to harbor substantial cryptic diversity. We investigated the evolutionary history of Asian tree frogs of the Polypedates leucomystax complex (n = 172) based on 1800 bp of the mtDNA genes ND 1 and cytochrome b and tested hypotheses pertaining to climate, geology and dispersal patterns. Analyses revealed substantial genetic diversity and lineage divergence throughout the region with evidence for widespread sympatric lineages and a general north versus south clustering. Relaxed molecular clock analysis and tests for demographic expansion identified an initial cladogenesis during the Miocene with subsequent Plio–Pleistocene diversification, which corresponded to periods of increased aridity and the onset of monsoonal weather systems, respectively. Rates of diversification were relatively constant until the Early Pleistocene when rates increased exponentially. We found equivocal evidence for both isolation-by-distance and a potential role of some landscape features as partial barriers to dispersal. Finally, our analyses showed that divergence between insular and mainland populations occurred before Homo sapiens colonized Southeast Asia suggesting that historical human-mediated dispersal did not drive insular diversification. Our results suggested that demographic expansion in the Late Pleistocene resulted in widespread sympatric lineages in the P. leucomystax complex throughout southern China and Indochina, and further clarified the evolutionary history of lineages within P. leucomystax

Relatively little is known about spatial patterns of cryptic diversity in tropical species and the processes that generate them. Few studies examine the geographic distribution of genetic lineages in Southeast Asia, an area hypothesized to harbor substantial cryptic diversity. We investigated the evolutionary history of Asian tree frogs of the Polypedates leucomystax complex (n = 172) based on 1800 bp of the mtDNA genes ND 1 and cytochrome b and tested hypotheses pertaining to climate, geology and dispersal patterns. Analyses revealed substantial genetic diversity and lineage divergence throughout the region with evidence for widespread sympatric lineages and a general north versus south clustering. Relaxed molecular clock analysis and tests for demographic expansion identified an initial cladogenesis during the Miocene with subsequent Plio–Pleistocene diversification, which corresponded to periods of increased aridity and the onset of monsoonal weather systems, respectively. Rates of diversification were relatively constant until the Early Pleistocene when rates increased exponentially. We found equivocal evidence for both isolation-by-distance and a potential role of some landscape features as partial barriers to dispersal. Finally, our analyses showed that divergence between insular and mainland populations occurred before Homo sapiens colonized Southeast Asia suggesting that historical human-mediated dispersal did not drive insular diversification. Our results suggested that demographic expansion in the Late Pleistocene resulted in widespread sympatric lineages in the P. leucomystax complex throughout southern China and Indochina, and further clarified the evolutionary history of lineages within P. leucomystax

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on maximum parsimony (MP; A) and Bayesian inference (BI; B) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Numbers above nodes on MP tree represent nonparametric bootstrap proportions (BSP). Numbers above nodes on the Bayesian topology represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP; * = 1.0). Gekko gecko was removed from the BI tree due to its long branch length. Refer to text for a description of loci and total base pairs (bp) sequenced.

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Mexican Phyllodactylus based on a branch-and-bound maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of the concatenated dataset. Numbers above nodes represent MP bootstrap proportions (BSP) resulting from 10,000 pseudoreplicates.

Relatively little is known about spatial patterns of cryptic diversity in tropical species and the processes that generate them. Few studies examine the geographic distribution of genetic lineages in Southeast Asia, an area hypothesized to harbor substantial cryptic diversity. We investigated the evolutionary history of Asian tree frogs of the Polypedates leucomystax complex (n = 172) based on 1800 bp of the mtDNA genes ND 1 and cytochrome b and tested hypotheses pertaining to climate, geology and dispersal patterns. Analyses revealed substantial genetic diversity and lineage divergence throughout the region with evidence for widespread sympatric lineages and a general north versus south clustering. Relaxed molecular clock analysis and tests for demographic expansion identified an initial cladogenesis during the Miocene with subsequent Plio–Pleistocene diversification, which corresponded to periods of increased aridity and the onset of monsoonal weather systems, respectively. Rates of diversification were relatively constant until the Early Pleistocene when rates increased exponentially. We found equivocal evidence for both isolation-by-distance and a potential role of some landscape features as partial barriers to dispersal. Finally, our analyses showed that divergence between insular and mainland populations occurred before Homo sapiens colonized Southeast Asia suggesting that historical human-mediated dispersal did not drive insular diversification. Our results suggested that demographic expansion in the Late Pleistocene resulted in widespread sympatric lineages in the P. leucomystax complex throughout southern China and Indochina, and further clarified the evolutionary history of lineages within P. leucomystax

ABSTRACT. — The use of molecular markers has greatly increased our understanding of unionoid systematics. However, it is critical that their use in phylogenetic studies be conducted with the correct methodologies in order to ensure that the correct interpretations of evolutionary history are made. The phylogenetic relationships of a selection of Anodonta were investigated by Hoeh (1990), who found variation in 23 allozyme loci. These allozymes were coded using the presence/absence of alleles, yielding 67 characters used in a phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny was used as evidence to recommend the elevation of Pyganodon and Utterbackia to full generic status. Since the publication of Hoeh (1990) the coding of characters using the presence/absence of alleles has been shown to be invalid and has been superseded by mutation coding, with the locus as the character. The phylogenetic analysis of 20 characters, coded using mutation coding, yielded two equally parsimonious trees ...

ABSTRACT. — The use of molecular markers has greatly increased our understanding of unionoid systematics. However, it is critical that their use in phylogenetic studies be conducted with the correct methodologies in order to ensure that the correct interpretations of evolutionary history are made. The phylogenetic relationships of a selection of Anodonta were investigated by Hoeh (1990), who found variation in 23 allozyme loci. These allozymes were coded using the presence/absence of alleles, yielding 67 characters used in a phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny was used as evidence to recommend the elevation of Pyganodon and Utterbackia to full generic status. Since the publication of Hoeh (1990) the coding of characters using the presence/absence of alleles has been shown to be invalid and has been superseded by mutation coding, with the locus as the character. The phylogenetic analysis of 20 characters, coded using mutation coding, yielded two equally parsimonious trees ...

ABSTRACT. — The use of molecular markers has greatly increased our understanding of unionoid systematics. However, it is critical that their use in phylogenetic studies be conducted with the correct methodologies in order to ensure that the correct interpretations of evolutionary history are made. The phylogenetic relationships of a selection of Anodonta were investigated by Hoeh (1990), who found variation in 23 allozyme loci. These allozymes were coded using the presence/absence of alleles, yielding 67 characters used in a phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny was used as evidence to recommend the elevation of Pyganodon and Utterbackia to full generic status. Since the publication of Hoeh (1990) the coding of characters using the presence/absence of alleles has been shown to be invalid and has been superseded by mutation coding, with the locus as the character. The phylogenetic analysis of 20 characters, coded using mutation coding, yielded two equally parsimonious trees ...

The taxonomy of ranid frogs is in a state of chaos, and Asian ranids are no exception. We undertook an investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of most major groups of Asian ranids using mitochondrial DNA sequencesfrom the 12S, tRNAVal and 16S genes. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis had varying correspondence with the current taxonomy of the frogs at the subfamilial and generic levels. In order to maintain a taxonomy that reflects phylogenetic history, a number of taxonomic changes are proposed. Within subfamily Raninae, we recognize the genera Rana, Amolops, Hylarana, Odorrana and Nidirana. Recognition of Huia is not supported by our data and the recognition of Pseudorana is equivocal. Tribe Limnonectini is elevated to subfamily Limnonectinae and it contains Limnonectes, Hoplobatrachus and Nanorana. Membership in Genus Limnonectes is redefined. Recognition of genera Paa and Chaparana results in a paraphyletic taxonomy.

A phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters shows that the scincid lizard genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834 is paraphyletic. East Asian and New World Eumeces form a clade referred to as the Pariocela section. A petition filed with the ICZN designates Lacerta fasciata Linnaeus 1758 as the type species of Eumeces , and, therefore, the Pariocela section retains the name Eumeces . Members of the schneiderii and taeniolatus species groups are more closely related to the genera Scincopus Peters and Scincus Laurenti than to other Eumeces . The taeniolatus species group is the sister group to the schneiderii species group plus Scincopus and Scincus , and requires generic status. Eurylepis Blyth, 1854 is the oldest available name for the taeniolatus group, and the schneiderii group is placed in a new genus. The three species of the Middle American schwartzei species group form a clade that cannot be associated with any other group of Eumeces and, therefore, they are also placed in a new g...

Tropidophorus baviensis was described from Ba Vi, Vietnam by Rene Bourret in 1939 based on one specimen. We collected a series of thirty one animals (Fig. 1) from the same location (Fig. 2) and provide a redescription of T. baviensis discussing the extent of morphological variation in this series. The holotype falls within the variation observed in our sample. All specimens were found in a road cut away from water. Interestingly, the females, of this species appear to invest parental care in their offspring, as all juveniles were accompanied by an adult female.

Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters shows that the scincid lizard genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834 is paraphyletic. East Asian and New World Eumeces form a clade referred to as the Pariocela section. A petition filed with the ICZN designates ...

Abstract: The taxonomy of ranid frogs is in a state of chaos, and Asian ranids are no exception. We undertook an investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of most major groups of Asian ranids using mitochondrial DNA sequences from the 12S, tRNAVal and 16S genes. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis had varying correspondence with the current taxonomy of the frogs at the subfamilial and generic levels. In order to maintain a taxonomy that reflects phylogenetic history, a number of taxonomic changes are proposed. Within ...

UMI. ProQuest® Dissertations & Theses The world's most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses. Learn more... ProQuest. The search for genetic structure and patterns in Vietnamese frogs. by Ngo, Andre Da, Ph ...