Shortage of potable water is a global problem, and this problem can be met by searching new areas... more Shortage of potable water is a global problem, and this problem can be met by searching new areas where groundwater is available. GIS is an effective and necessary tool to identify groundwater potential zones in an area. In the present study, groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) were identified in the Kangsabati River basin of east India having an area of about 6488 km2 using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The criteria like geology, geomorphology, elevation, slope, drainage, lineament, curvature, topographic wetness, land use/land cover, and soil were extracted from satellite data and the weights for each parameter and its sub-parameters were assigned through analytical hierarchy process based on their respective relevance as influencing factors for groundwater recharge. Very low, low, moderate, high, and very high groundwater potentiality represent 28.93%, 30.56%, 19.75%, 14.62%, and 6.11% area, respectively. The low-lying flat plains...
The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lo... more The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period. We considered 20 variables per sample of RWQ data and it was analyzed using novel Modified Water Quality Index (MWQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Heavy Metal Index (HMI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation (r) analysis are applied to determine the influencing variables and relationship among the river pollutants. The results show that during lockdown 54.54% samples were brought significantly p...
SUMMARY: This paper describes the ten-year programme of community-designed, built and managed toi... more SUMMARY: This paper describes the ten-year programme of community-designed, built and managed toilet blocks undertaken by urban poor federations and women's cooperatives, with support from the Indian NGO SPARC. This programme has reached hundreds of thousands of poor urban dwellers with much improved sanitation and facilities for washing; it has also demonstrated how such provision is affordable and manageable for all Indian cities. But this programme has also demonstrated to city authorities the capacity and competence of urban poor organizations, and helped change the relationship between the residents of slums and local government agencies. The paper begins by explaining why sanitation has been neglected, and describes the inadequacies in government sanitation programmes. It then describes the first experiments with community sanitation and the difficult negotiations in many cities, including Mumbai, Kanpur and Bangalore. Then it discusses the major community toilet programmes that developed in Pune and Mumbai. It highlights the innovations that allowed these to work better than previous public toilet blocks, the reasons why the urban poor organizations took on these projects, the lessons learnt and the ways in which community toilet blocks helped address other problems faced by the urban poor.
Shortage of potable water is a global problem, and this problem can be met by searching new areas... more Shortage of potable water is a global problem, and this problem can be met by searching new areas where groundwater is available. GIS is an effective and necessary tool to identify groundwater potential zones in an area. In the present study, groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) were identified in the Kangsabati River basin of east India having an area of about 6488 km2 using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The criteria like geology, geomorphology, elevation, slope, drainage, lineament, curvature, topographic wetness, land use/land cover, and soil were extracted from satellite data and the weights for each parameter and its sub-parameters were assigned through analytical hierarchy process based on their respective relevance as influencing factors for groundwater recharge. Very low, low, moderate, high, and very high groundwater potentiality represent 28.93%, 30.56%, 19.75%, 14.62%, and 6.11% area, respectively. The low-lying flat plains...
The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lo... more The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period. We considered 20 variables per sample of RWQ data and it was analyzed using novel Modified Water Quality Index (MWQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Heavy Metal Index (HMI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation (r) analysis are applied to determine the influencing variables and relationship among the river pollutants. The results show that during lockdown 54.54% samples were brought significantly p...
SUMMARY: This paper describes the ten-year programme of community-designed, built and managed toi... more SUMMARY: This paper describes the ten-year programme of community-designed, built and managed toilet blocks undertaken by urban poor federations and women's cooperatives, with support from the Indian NGO SPARC. This programme has reached hundreds of thousands of poor urban dwellers with much improved sanitation and facilities for washing; it has also demonstrated how such provision is affordable and manageable for all Indian cities. But this programme has also demonstrated to city authorities the capacity and competence of urban poor organizations, and helped change the relationship between the residents of slums and local government agencies. The paper begins by explaining why sanitation has been neglected, and describes the inadequacies in government sanitation programmes. It then describes the first experiments with community sanitation and the difficult negotiations in many cities, including Mumbai, Kanpur and Bangalore. Then it discusses the major community toilet programmes that developed in Pune and Mumbai. It highlights the innovations that allowed these to work better than previous public toilet blocks, the reasons why the urban poor organizations took on these projects, the lessons learnt and the ways in which community toilet blocks helped address other problems faced by the urban poor.
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Papers by Anitabha Ghosh