Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development and characterization of patien... more Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development and characterization of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models for cancer research. PDX models mostly retain the principal histologic and genetic characteristics of their donor tumor and remain stable across passages. These models have been shown to be predictive of clinical outcomes and are being used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, biologic studies, and personalized medicine strategies. This article summarizes the current state of the art in this field, including methodologic issues, available collections, practical applications, challenges and shortcomings, and future directions, and introduces a European consortium of PDX models. PDX models are increasingly used in translational cancer research. These models are useful for drug screening, biomarker development, and the preclinical evaluation of personalized medicine strategies. This review provides a timely overview of the key cha...
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, Jan 15, 2003
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth most common cause of can... more Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth most common cause of cancer in women. It is characterized by diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis and often by large volumes of i.p. ascites. Because vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, increases vascular permeability and stimulates endothelial cell growth, its role in ovarian cancer has been evaluated in a number of studies. However, questions remain regarding the ability of VEGF alone to cause ascites formation and the ability of VEGF blockade to inhibit the growth of disseminated cancer. We have used retroviral technology to create cell populations that overproduce VEGF and report that enforced expression of VEGF by ovarian carcinoma cells dramatically reduces the time to onset of ascites formation. In fact, even tumor-free peritoneal overexpression of VEGF, created by using adenoviral vectors, is sufficient to cause ascites to accumulate. We have found that sy...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour having a median survival... more Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour having a median survival of just 12-18 months following standard therapy protocols. Local recurrence, post-resection and adjuvant therapy occurs in most cases. U87MG-luc2-bearing GBM xenografts underwent 4.5mm craniectomy and tumour resection using microsurgical techniques. The cranial defect was repaired using a novel modified cranial window technique consisting of a circular microscope coverslip held in place with glue. Immediate post-operative bioluminescence imaging (BLI) revealed a gross total resection rate of 75%. At censor point 4 weeks post-resection, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed 100% survival in the surgical group compared to 0% in the non-surgical cohort (p=0.01). No neurological defects or infections in the surgical group were observed. GBM recurrence was reliably imaged using facile non-invasive optical bioluminescence (BLI) imaging with recurrence observed at week 4. For the first time, we have used a novel cranial defect repair method to extend and improve intracranial surgical resection methods for application in translational GBM rodent disease models. Combining BLI and the cranial window technique described herein facilitates non-invasive serial imaging follow-up. Within the current context we have developed a robust methodology for establishing a clinically relevant imageable GBM surgical resection model that appropriately mimics GBM recurrence post resection in patients.
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development and characterization of patien... more Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development and characterization of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models for cancer research. PDX models mostly retain the principal histologic and genetic characteristics of their donor tumor and remain stable across passages. These models have been shown to be predictive of clinical outcomes and are being used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, biologic studies, and personalized medicine strategies. This article summarizes the current state of the art in this field, including methodologic issues, available collections, practical applications, challenges and shortcomings, and future directions, and introduces a European consortium of PDX models. PDX models are increasingly used in translational cancer research. These models are useful for drug screening, biomarker development, and the preclinical evaluation of personalized medicine strategies. This review provides a timely overview of the key cha...
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, Jan 15, 2003
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth most common cause of can... more Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth most common cause of cancer in women. It is characterized by diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis and often by large volumes of i.p. ascites. Because vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, increases vascular permeability and stimulates endothelial cell growth, its role in ovarian cancer has been evaluated in a number of studies. However, questions remain regarding the ability of VEGF alone to cause ascites formation and the ability of VEGF blockade to inhibit the growth of disseminated cancer. We have used retroviral technology to create cell populations that overproduce VEGF and report that enforced expression of VEGF by ovarian carcinoma cells dramatically reduces the time to onset of ascites formation. In fact, even tumor-free peritoneal overexpression of VEGF, created by using adenoviral vectors, is sufficient to cause ascites to accumulate. We have found that sy...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour having a median survival... more Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumour having a median survival of just 12-18 months following standard therapy protocols. Local recurrence, post-resection and adjuvant therapy occurs in most cases. U87MG-luc2-bearing GBM xenografts underwent 4.5mm craniectomy and tumour resection using microsurgical techniques. The cranial defect was repaired using a novel modified cranial window technique consisting of a circular microscope coverslip held in place with glue. Immediate post-operative bioluminescence imaging (BLI) revealed a gross total resection rate of 75%. At censor point 4 weeks post-resection, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed 100% survival in the surgical group compared to 0% in the non-surgical cohort (p=0.01). No neurological defects or infections in the surgical group were observed. GBM recurrence was reliably imaged using facile non-invasive optical bioluminescence (BLI) imaging with recurrence observed at week 4. For the first time, we have used a novel cranial defect repair method to extend and improve intracranial surgical resection methods for application in translational GBM rodent disease models. Combining BLI and the cranial window technique described herein facilitates non-invasive serial imaging follow-up. Within the current context we have developed a robust methodology for establishing a clinically relevant imageable GBM surgical resection model that appropriately mimics GBM recurrence post resection in patients.
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Papers by Annette Byrne