In this study, a rainfall model is developed to study rainfall over South Africa (10° to 40°E, 35... more In this study, a rainfall model is developed to study rainfall over South Africa (10° to 40°E, 35° to 20°S) using a set of rainfall signatures derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) observations at 0.25 deg × 0.25 deg spatial grid. Based on measurements at 19-, 21-, and 85-GHz channels of TMI, the scattering index (SI) is derived. Polarization corrected temperature (PCT) is calculated using measurements at the 85-GHz channel. SI, PCT, and their combinations are tested as rain signatures over South Africa. These rain signatures (i.e., PCT and SI and their combinations) are collocated against precipitation radar (PR) onboard TRMM to derive a relationship between rain rate and rain signatures. Rainfall retrieval is attempted using linear as well as nonlinear regressions. The results have been validated using an independent dataset of PR. It is reported that a nonlinear regression outper-forms a linear algorithm. Statistical validation with an independent dataset of PR exhibits the correlation coefficients (CCs) of 0.60, 0.64, and 0.66, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 5.82, 6.42, and 5.76 mm∕h from observations of SI, PCT, and a combination of SI and PCT, respectively, using linear regressions. When nonlinear regression is used, the CC of 0.69, 0.68, and 0.70 and RMSE of 4.75, 4.89, and 4.38 mm∕h are observed from the SI, PCT, and the combination of SI and PCT, respectively.
... Anoop Kumar Mishra Divecha Centre for Climate Change/Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Scien... more ... Anoop Kumar Mishra Divecha Centre for Climate Change/Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Email ... doi:10.1126/science.1132027 [2] A. Mishra, RM Gairola, AK Varma, and V. K Agarwal, “Improved Rainfall Estimation over ...
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite is a joint US-Japanese mission to explor... more The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite is a joint US-Japanese mission to explore tropical rainfall and its effects on the earth's energy budget, general circulation, and climate. In the present study, a method has been developed here for rainfall retrieval over Indian land and oceanic regions from remotely sensed microwave (MW) brightness temperature (BT) data obtained from the TRMM
Rainfall is an extremely variable parameter in both space and time. Rain gauge density is very cr... more Rainfall is an extremely variable parameter in both space and time. Rain gauge density is very crucial in order to quantify the rainfall amount over a region. The level of rainfall accuracy is highly dependent on density and distribution of rain gauge stations over a region. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have installed a number of Automatic Weather Station (AWS) rain gauges over Indian region to study rainfall. In this paper, the effect of rain gauge density over daily accumulated rainfall is analyzed using ISRO AWS gauge observations. A region of 50 km × 50 km box over southern part of Indian region (Bangalore) with good density of rain gauges is identified for this purpose. Rain gauge numbers are varied from 1-8 in 50 km box to study the variation in the daily accumulated rainfall. Rainfall rates from the neighbouring stations are also compared in this study. Change in the rainfall as a function of gauge spacing is studied. Use of gauge calibrated satellite observation...
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2012
... Measurements over Indian Region Anoop Kumar Mishra & Rakesh M. Gairola & Vijay K. Aga... more ... Measurements over Indian Region Anoop Kumar Mishra & Rakesh M. Gairola & Vijay K. Agarwal Received ... Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (Austria), 50, 165174. Gairola, RM, Pokhrel, S., Varma, AK, & Agarwal, V. K. (2005). A ...
AbstractEvaluation of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) precipitation features is pres... more AbstractEvaluation of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) precipitation features is presented from various passes over Indian oceanic and land regions under the framework of radiative transfer simulations for both emission and scattering atmospheres. There is ...
1Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 2 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahme... more 1Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 2 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India In the present study an effort is made to estimate 3-hourly rainfall using gauge and satellite observations over land and oceanic region of Asia (40 S-50 N, ...
RAINFALL RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM OVER INDIAN LAND AND OCEANIC REGIONS USING TRMM DATA ... Rajesh Kuma... more RAINFALL RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM OVER INDIAN LAND AND OCEANIC REGIONS USING TRMM DATA ... Rajesh Kumar(1), IML Das(1, 2), RM Gairola(3), A. Mishra(4), A. Sarkar (5), VK Agarwal(6) ... (1) MN Saha Centre of Space Studies, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, ...
In this study, a rainfall model is developed to study rainfall over South Africa (10° to 40°E, 35... more In this study, a rainfall model is developed to study rainfall over South Africa (10° to 40°E, 35° to 20°S) using a set of rainfall signatures derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) observations at 0.25 deg × 0.25 deg spatial grid. Based on measurements at 19-, 21-, and 85-GHz channels of TMI, the scattering index (SI) is derived. Polarization corrected temperature (PCT) is calculated using measurements at the 85-GHz channel. SI, PCT, and their combinations are tested as rain signatures over South Africa. These rain signatures (i.e., PCT and SI and their combinations) are collocated against precipitation radar (PR) onboard TRMM to derive a relationship between rain rate and rain signatures. Rainfall retrieval is attempted using linear as well as nonlinear regressions. The results have been validated using an independent dataset of PR. It is reported that a nonlinear regression outper-forms a linear algorithm. Statistical validation with an independent dataset of PR exhibits the correlation coefficients (CCs) of 0.60, 0.64, and 0.66, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 5.82, 6.42, and 5.76 mm∕h from observations of SI, PCT, and a combination of SI and PCT, respectively, using linear regressions. When nonlinear regression is used, the CC of 0.69, 0.68, and 0.70 and RMSE of 4.75, 4.89, and 4.38 mm∕h are observed from the SI, PCT, and the combination of SI and PCT, respectively.
... Anoop Kumar Mishra Divecha Centre for Climate Change/Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Scien... more ... Anoop Kumar Mishra Divecha Centre for Climate Change/Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Email ... doi:10.1126/science.1132027 [2] A. Mishra, RM Gairola, AK Varma, and V. K Agarwal, “Improved Rainfall Estimation over ...
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite is a joint US-Japanese mission to explor... more The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite is a joint US-Japanese mission to explore tropical rainfall and its effects on the earth's energy budget, general circulation, and climate. In the present study, a method has been developed here for rainfall retrieval over Indian land and oceanic regions from remotely sensed microwave (MW) brightness temperature (BT) data obtained from the TRMM
Rainfall is an extremely variable parameter in both space and time. Rain gauge density is very cr... more Rainfall is an extremely variable parameter in both space and time. Rain gauge density is very crucial in order to quantify the rainfall amount over a region. The level of rainfall accuracy is highly dependent on density and distribution of rain gauge stations over a region. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have installed a number of Automatic Weather Station (AWS) rain gauges over Indian region to study rainfall. In this paper, the effect of rain gauge density over daily accumulated rainfall is analyzed using ISRO AWS gauge observations. A region of 50 km × 50 km box over southern part of Indian region (Bangalore) with good density of rain gauges is identified for this purpose. Rain gauge numbers are varied from 1-8 in 50 km box to study the variation in the daily accumulated rainfall. Rainfall rates from the neighbouring stations are also compared in this study. Change in the rainfall as a function of gauge spacing is studied. Use of gauge calibrated satellite observation...
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2012
... Measurements over Indian Region Anoop Kumar Mishra & Rakesh M. Gairola & Vijay K. Aga... more ... Measurements over Indian Region Anoop Kumar Mishra & Rakesh M. Gairola & Vijay K. Agarwal Received ... Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (Austria), 50, 165174. Gairola, RM, Pokhrel, S., Varma, AK, & Agarwal, V. K. (2005). A ...
AbstractEvaluation of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) precipitation features is pres... more AbstractEvaluation of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) precipitation features is presented from various passes over Indian oceanic and land regions under the framework of radiative transfer simulations for both emission and scattering atmospheres. There is ...
1Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 2 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahme... more 1Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan 2 Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India In the present study an effort is made to estimate 3-hourly rainfall using gauge and satellite observations over land and oceanic region of Asia (40 S-50 N, ...
RAINFALL RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM OVER INDIAN LAND AND OCEANIC REGIONS USING TRMM DATA ... Rajesh Kuma... more RAINFALL RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM OVER INDIAN LAND AND OCEANIC REGIONS USING TRMM DATA ... Rajesh Kumar(1), IML Das(1, 2), RM Gairola(3), A. Mishra(4), A. Sarkar (5), VK Agarwal(6) ... (1) MN Saha Centre of Space Studies, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, ...
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