It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to our 2009 conference. With the support of my assistan... more It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to our 2009 conference. With the support of my assistants, the program committee has put together an excellent program encompassing nearly 970 presentations. We tried to accommodate authors' preferences concerning presentation medium as much as possible. However, we gave higher priority to scientific cohesiveness of sessions, so that papers on similar topics were put in the same session. Indeed, some sessions are rather small because they contain a select number of paper ...
Recent humans and their fossil relatives are classified as having thick molar enamel, one of very... more Recent humans and their fossil relatives are classified as having thick molar enamel, one of very few dental traits that distinguish hominins from living African apes. However, little is known about enamel thickness in the earliest members of the genus Homo, and recent studies of later Homo report considerable intra- and inter-specific variation. In order to assess taxonomic, geographic, and temporal trends in enamel thickness, we applied micro-computed tomographic imaging to 150 fossil Homo teeth spanning two million years. Early Homo postcanine teeth from Africa and Asia show highly variable average and relative enamel thickness (AET and RET) values. Three molars from South Africa exceed Homo AET and RET ranges, resembling the hyper thick Paranthropus condition. Most later Homo groups (archaic European and north African Homo, and fossil and recent Homo sapiens) possess absolutely and relatively thick enamel across the entire dentition. In contrast, Neanderthals show relatively thi...
It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to our 2009 conference. With the support of my assistan... more It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to our 2009 conference. With the support of my assistants, the program committee has put together an excellent program encompassing nearly 970 presentations. We tried to accommodate authors' preferences concerning presentation medium as much as possible. However, we gave higher priority to scientific cohesiveness of sessions, so that papers on similar topics were put in the same session. Indeed, some sessions are rather small because they contain a select number of paper ...
Recent humans and their fossil relatives are classified as having thick molar enamel, one of very... more Recent humans and their fossil relatives are classified as having thick molar enamel, one of very few dental traits that distinguish hominins from living African apes. However, little is known about enamel thickness in the earliest members of the genus Homo, and recent studies of later Homo report considerable intra- and inter-specific variation. In order to assess taxonomic, geographic, and temporal trends in enamel thickness, we applied micro-computed tomographic imaging to 150 fossil Homo teeth spanning two million years. Early Homo postcanine teeth from Africa and Asia show highly variable average and relative enamel thickness (AET and RET) values. Three molars from South Africa exceed Homo AET and RET ranges, resembling the hyper thick Paranthropus condition. Most later Homo groups (archaic European and north African Homo, and fossil and recent Homo sapiens) possess absolutely and relatively thick enamel across the entire dentition. In contrast, Neanderthals show relatively thi...
The adoption of open access (OA) publishing has grown rapidly in the last two decades; an increas... more The adoption of open access (OA) publishing has grown rapidly in the last two decades; an increasing share of the research literature is available to the public at no cost and with no restrictions. Despite the enormous growth of OA publishing, few studies have explored the characteristics of the authors who choose to publish their research as OA articles. Understanding who produces the increasing number of OA articles is crucial for publishers and the research community seeking to democratize the results of knowledge production. We investigated the number of OA articles authored by 182,320 scholars with known demographic and institutional characteristics at American research universities across 11 broad fields of study. Results show that male scholars at more prestigious institutions (e.g., AAU members) and scholars with greater job security (e.g., higher professorial rank) are likely to publish more OA articles. Securing federal research grants is also a significant predictor of OA publishing activity. Although OA is growing in terms of the quantity of articles published, participation in OA publishing appears to be skewed towards scholars in STEM fields with greater access to resources and greater job security.
The aging of the professoriate is a source of concern for research in the United States. Do senio... more The aging of the professoriate is a source of concern for research in the United States. Do senior faculty remain active and contribute to scientific advancement when there is no mandatory retirement? This study quantifies senior faculty publication activity in six broad fields, comparing their publication rates to their younger colleagues for published journal articles, conference proceedings, books, and book chapters. Career publication activity does not follow a “peak and decline” pattern described in earlier studies. Senior scholars remain active and shift their research focus to the development and evolution of ideas through the publication of books and book chapters.
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