Promotion of Publicly free open access programmes on systematic of termitophilous fungi, mushrooms culture, ethnomycology, medicinal fungi, and fungal secondary metabolites
This occurrence database contains records of the mushrooms based on the herbarium specimens depos... more This occurrence database contains records of the mushrooms based on the herbarium specimens deposited at the Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH) managed by the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University Nepal. TUCH is registered in Index Herbarium in 2001 and posses over 22,000 specimens. This database is a part of a project funded by the Biodiversity Information Fund for Asia (BIFA; project no. BIFA5_023 to Shiva Devkota) program of Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) supported by the Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan and co-funding came from the Himalayan Climate & Science Institute (HCSI), ForestAction Nepal and Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS).
People have been using wild mushrooms in their diet and also as sources of income, but most of th... more People have been using wild mushrooms in their diet and also as sources of income, but most of them do not have the proper knowledge to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones. The main objective of this research is to determine and document toxicity of some selected wild mushrooms of Nepal. Samples were collected based on their use practices by the local communities, representing different ecological belts. The tests were carried out following the protocol described in ‘Test Guideline no. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure’. Mice (Mus musculus) were administered with aqueous solution of each sample in a single dose by gavage using a stomach tube on the basis of their body weight and were observed for the signs of toxicity. The tested samples of Boletellus emodensis, Caloboletus calopus, Daedalea quercina, Lactifluus volemus, Lyophyllum decastes, Macrolepiota albuminosa, Phellodon niger, Phylloporus bellus, Russula delica, R. emetica, R. senecis, Strobilomyces ...
Macrofungi are high-value forest resources that have functionally significant roles in the forest... more Macrofungi are high-value forest resources that have functionally significant roles in the forest ecosystem. The macrofungal community of three different vegetation compositions, i.e., Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest, Tropical Deciduous Riverine Forest, and Tropical Evergreen Forest of Teghari Community Forest were investigated. Systematic random sampling was made where 60 plots (10 x 10 m) were laid in all different forest types (20 plots in each). A total of 102 macrofungi species were reported belonging to 36 families. Polyporaceae (17 species) was the largest family followed by Tricholomataceae (13 species) and saprophytic fungi were more frequent than mycorrhizal and parasitic fungi. The tropical evergreen forest was rich in macrofungi (59 species) followed by sal forest (40 species) and tropical deciduous riverine forest (38 species). Macrofungal diversity was directly related to surrounding host species. Similarly, increased soil moisture and canopy cover intensified the abundanc...
Objective Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the increase in glucose levels in the blood and s... more Objective Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the increase in glucose levels in the blood and serum because of a change in carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism. Termite mushrooms are consumed for high nutrition and traditional medicine. The methanol extract of the four termite mushrooms; Termitomyces albuminosus, T. eurhizus, T. robustus and T. striatus f. ochraceus was tested for inhibition of alpha-amylase by the starch-iodine method, and effect on blood glucose level and body weight in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Results The secondary metabolites in the methanol extract of termite mushrooms were screened. Alkaloid, flavonoid, polyose, steroid, glycoside, terpenoid, fatty acid and emodin were found in all the termite mushrooms. The extract of T. straitus f. ochraceus has shown a strong inhibition against porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase by 61.4% at 200 µg/ml concentration. The extracts of all termite mushrooms at 500 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in the blood gluc...
Study on the consumption and uses of edible fungi by selected ethnic tribes/groups in selected ge... more Study on the consumption and uses of edible fungi by selected ethnic tribes/groups in selected geographical regions in Nepal is lacking. This paper highlights the various ways of using Termitomyces spp. in Tarai, Siwalik and Midhill in Nepal. The investigation was conducted before, during and after monsoon, from 2010 to 2012. Data were obtained by interacting with members of the ethnic groups used in this study, as well as interviews. It was found that there were nineteen termitomyces taxa, used as food and medicine. Key words: Distribution, fungi, nutrients, taxonomy.
The samples collected from the study site, represented 13 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7... more The samples collected from the study site, represented 13 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 12 families and 21 species. The dried specimens are housed in the Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH), Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal.
This investigation explores the macrofungi with their identification and documentation of indigen... more This investigation explores the macrofungi with their identification and documentation of indigenous knowledge. The study area occupies 633 hector and lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 225 and 265msl. The collected samples represented 31 species of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 22 genera. The dried specimens are deposited in the Tribhuvan University Central Department of Botany, Pathology Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal. The area embraces many mycophagous ethnic groups. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable development.
An ectomycorrhiza plays a vital role in the maintenance and strengthening the forest ecosystems a... more An ectomycorrhiza plays a vital role in the maintenance and strengthening the forest ecosystems and diversity. This study attempts to assess the ecology and diversity of ectomycorrhiza in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forest in Sunsari district, eastern Nepal. The collection of ectomycorrhiza was carried out from June to September (rainy season) for the year 2019-2020. A total of 18 species of ectomycorrhiza belonging to 12 genera and 7 families were collected. Russulaceae was found to be the dominant family representing 7 species. As per the diversity indices, the Shannon Weiner index and Simpson’s index were found to be 2.60 and 0.913, respectively indicating a higher value for the index of diversity. The results conclude that the moist tropical forest of Sunsari district is rich in ectomycorrhizal fungi, which consequently may provide a great opportunity for nutrient absorption.
Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) R. Heim, commonly known as termite’s mushroom, is a fungus belon... more Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) R. Heim, commonly known as termite’s mushroom, is a fungus belonging to Basidiomycetes. It grows on termite mound and has food and medicinal values. This research was carried out to determine the effect of various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, amino acids, vitamins and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios on the in vitro mycelial growth of this fungus. The specimens of this species were collected from Chitwan National Park, Central Nepal and inoculated into culture plates. The mycelia so obtained were subjected to culture process using semi solid and liquid media. One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD test was performed to compare the results of different treatments. Among the six carbon sources used, the best growth was observed in maltose with somewhat compact mycelial density while the least growth was observed in lactose (p<0.05). Among the nitrogen sources, the best growth was seen in yeast extract with compact mycelial density while the least growth...
This investigation explored the diversity of higher fungi with their identification, documentatio... more This investigation explored the diversity of higher fungi with their identification, documentation and utilization. The study area covered 549 ha, which lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 165 and 200 masl, in tropical deciduous riverine forest. Amanita chepangiana, A. pantherina, Macrolepiota fuliginosa, M. rhacodes, Russula emetica, R. foetens, R. nigricans, Scleroderma citrinum, S, bovista, Termitomyces clypeatus and T. eurhizeus were found to be dominant. The collected samples represented 29 species of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 18 families and 25 genera. The dried specimens housed at Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH), Kirtipur, Kathmandu. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable conservation and utilization. Kew words: basidiomycetes, macrofungi, mushroom diversity
Termitomyces fuliginosus R. Heim, T. globulus R. Heim and T. heimii Natarajan, collected within a... more Termitomyces fuliginosus R. Heim, T. globulus R. Heim and T. heimii Natarajan, collected within an altitudinal range of 500-1500 m a.s.l. in subtropical deciduous forest during 2010–2012 are described and illustrated. Their macro and microscopic features delimit these taxa as new species in Nepal.
Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens de... more Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens deteriorate the quality and quantity of tomato and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in Balkhu Agriculture and vegetable Market of Kathmandu, Nepal. Collected samples were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in complete randomized design. Fifteen species of fungi namely Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvum fulva, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phytophthora infestans, Boeremia exigua, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were identified. These were responsible for 14 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot, Anthracnose, Black mold rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Damping ...
The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over th... more The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over the past few decades and opens up areas of studying plant-fungi interactions. It is a scientific break through, especially for the study of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, since these obligate symbionts depend on host plant. The objective of this paper is to find out the in vitro culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture technique. Ascertain of root colonization of these fungi could be affected in vitro without undertaking complex and complicated culture conditions. This could form an economically viable technique for root organ culture of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
This occurrence database contains records of the mushrooms based on the herbarium specimens depos... more This occurrence database contains records of the mushrooms based on the herbarium specimens deposited at the Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH) managed by the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University Nepal. TUCH is registered in Index Herbarium in 2001 and posses over 22,000 specimens. This database is a part of a project funded by the Biodiversity Information Fund for Asia (BIFA; project no. BIFA5_023 to Shiva Devkota) program of Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) supported by the Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan and co-funding came from the Himalayan Climate & Science Institute (HCSI), ForestAction Nepal and Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS).
People have been using wild mushrooms in their diet and also as sources of income, but most of th... more People have been using wild mushrooms in their diet and also as sources of income, but most of them do not have the proper knowledge to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones. The main objective of this research is to determine and document toxicity of some selected wild mushrooms of Nepal. Samples were collected based on their use practices by the local communities, representing different ecological belts. The tests were carried out following the protocol described in ‘Test Guideline no. 425: Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure’. Mice (Mus musculus) were administered with aqueous solution of each sample in a single dose by gavage using a stomach tube on the basis of their body weight and were observed for the signs of toxicity. The tested samples of Boletellus emodensis, Caloboletus calopus, Daedalea quercina, Lactifluus volemus, Lyophyllum decastes, Macrolepiota albuminosa, Phellodon niger, Phylloporus bellus, Russula delica, R. emetica, R. senecis, Strobilomyces ...
Macrofungi are high-value forest resources that have functionally significant roles in the forest... more Macrofungi are high-value forest resources that have functionally significant roles in the forest ecosystem. The macrofungal community of three different vegetation compositions, i.e., Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest, Tropical Deciduous Riverine Forest, and Tropical Evergreen Forest of Teghari Community Forest were investigated. Systematic random sampling was made where 60 plots (10 x 10 m) were laid in all different forest types (20 plots in each). A total of 102 macrofungi species were reported belonging to 36 families. Polyporaceae (17 species) was the largest family followed by Tricholomataceae (13 species) and saprophytic fungi were more frequent than mycorrhizal and parasitic fungi. The tropical evergreen forest was rich in macrofungi (59 species) followed by sal forest (40 species) and tropical deciduous riverine forest (38 species). Macrofungal diversity was directly related to surrounding host species. Similarly, increased soil moisture and canopy cover intensified the abundanc...
Objective Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the increase in glucose levels in the blood and s... more Objective Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the increase in glucose levels in the blood and serum because of a change in carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism. Termite mushrooms are consumed for high nutrition and traditional medicine. The methanol extract of the four termite mushrooms; Termitomyces albuminosus, T. eurhizus, T. robustus and T. striatus f. ochraceus was tested for inhibition of alpha-amylase by the starch-iodine method, and effect on blood glucose level and body weight in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Results The secondary metabolites in the methanol extract of termite mushrooms were screened. Alkaloid, flavonoid, polyose, steroid, glycoside, terpenoid, fatty acid and emodin were found in all the termite mushrooms. The extract of T. straitus f. ochraceus has shown a strong inhibition against porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase by 61.4% at 200 µg/ml concentration. The extracts of all termite mushrooms at 500 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in the blood gluc...
Study on the consumption and uses of edible fungi by selected ethnic tribes/groups in selected ge... more Study on the consumption and uses of edible fungi by selected ethnic tribes/groups in selected geographical regions in Nepal is lacking. This paper highlights the various ways of using Termitomyces spp. in Tarai, Siwalik and Midhill in Nepal. The investigation was conducted before, during and after monsoon, from 2010 to 2012. Data were obtained by interacting with members of the ethnic groups used in this study, as well as interviews. It was found that there were nineteen termitomyces taxa, used as food and medicine. Key words: Distribution, fungi, nutrients, taxonomy.
The samples collected from the study site, represented 13 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7... more The samples collected from the study site, represented 13 genera of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 12 families and 21 species. The dried specimens are housed in the Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH), Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal.
This investigation explores the macrofungi with their identification and documentation of indigen... more This investigation explores the macrofungi with their identification and documentation of indigenous knowledge. The study area occupies 633 hector and lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 225 and 265msl. The collected samples represented 31 species of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 22 genera. The dried specimens are deposited in the Tribhuvan University Central Department of Botany, Pathology Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal. The area embraces many mycophagous ethnic groups. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable development.
An ectomycorrhiza plays a vital role in the maintenance and strengthening the forest ecosystems a... more An ectomycorrhiza plays a vital role in the maintenance and strengthening the forest ecosystems and diversity. This study attempts to assess the ecology and diversity of ectomycorrhiza in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forest in Sunsari district, eastern Nepal. The collection of ectomycorrhiza was carried out from June to September (rainy season) for the year 2019-2020. A total of 18 species of ectomycorrhiza belonging to 12 genera and 7 families were collected. Russulaceae was found to be the dominant family representing 7 species. As per the diversity indices, the Shannon Weiner index and Simpson’s index were found to be 2.60 and 0.913, respectively indicating a higher value for the index of diversity. The results conclude that the moist tropical forest of Sunsari district is rich in ectomycorrhizal fungi, which consequently may provide a great opportunity for nutrient absorption.
Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) R. Heim, commonly known as termite’s mushroom, is a fungus belon... more Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) R. Heim, commonly known as termite’s mushroom, is a fungus belonging to Basidiomycetes. It grows on termite mound and has food and medicinal values. This research was carried out to determine the effect of various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, amino acids, vitamins and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios on the in vitro mycelial growth of this fungus. The specimens of this species were collected from Chitwan National Park, Central Nepal and inoculated into culture plates. The mycelia so obtained were subjected to culture process using semi solid and liquid media. One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD test was performed to compare the results of different treatments. Among the six carbon sources used, the best growth was observed in maltose with somewhat compact mycelial density while the least growth was observed in lactose (p<0.05). Among the nitrogen sources, the best growth was seen in yeast extract with compact mycelial density while the least growth...
This investigation explored the diversity of higher fungi with their identification, documentatio... more This investigation explored the diversity of higher fungi with their identification, documentation and utilization. The study area covered 549 ha, which lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 165 and 200 masl, in tropical deciduous riverine forest. Amanita chepangiana, A. pantherina, Macrolepiota fuliginosa, M. rhacodes, Russula emetica, R. foetens, R. nigricans, Scleroderma citrinum, S, bovista, Termitomyces clypeatus and T. eurhizeus were found to be dominant. The collected samples represented 29 species of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 18 families and 25 genera. The dried specimens housed at Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH), Kirtipur, Kathmandu. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable conservation and utilization. Kew words: basidiomycetes, macrofungi, mushroom diversity
Termitomyces fuliginosus R. Heim, T. globulus R. Heim and T. heimii Natarajan, collected within a... more Termitomyces fuliginosus R. Heim, T. globulus R. Heim and T. heimii Natarajan, collected within an altitudinal range of 500-1500 m a.s.l. in subtropical deciduous forest during 2010–2012 are described and illustrated. Their macro and microscopic features delimit these taxa as new species in Nepal.
Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens de... more Tomatoes are one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetable in Nepal. Fungal pathogens deteriorate the quality and quantity of tomato and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in Balkhu Agriculture and vegetable Market of Kathmandu, Nepal. Collected samples were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in complete randomized design. Fifteen species of fungi namely Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fulvum fulva, Colletotrichum truncatum, Curvularia spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Dipodascus geotrichum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phytophthora infestans, Boeremia exigua, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were identified. These were responsible for 14 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot, Anthracnose, Black mold rot, Botrytis Bunch Rot, Damping ...
The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over th... more The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over the past few decades and opens up areas of studying plant-fungi interactions. It is a scientific break through, especially for the study of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, since these obligate symbionts depend on host plant. The objective of this paper is to find out the in vitro culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture technique. Ascertain of root colonization of these fungi could be affected in vitro without undertaking complex and complicated culture conditions. This could form an economically viable technique for root organ culture of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
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Papers by Hari Prasad Aryal