Business

Boards of directors of nonprofit charitable organizations have long been responsible for serving essential purposes and performing critical agency functions. Given these responsibilities, it seems reasonable to expect that a periodic review of a board's capacity to effectively govern a nonprofit charitable organization be conducted. Using data collected from 800 individuals serving as board members of 42 different performing arts nonprofits, this study reports on board member evaluations of their individual and collective participation in the governance process through a selfassessment undertaken to inform decision-making and build capacity at both the board and organizational levels. Findings suggest the need for more (or better) training/orientation opportunities; focused, intentional, and tailored recruitment processes; clear communication, greater role clarity, and specificity regarding board performance expectations; greater understanding about best practices and the need to add value; and time to cultivate openness and collegiality among the board members and between the board and staff.

* Cash flow analysis has at least three justifications. First, its usefulness in an array of financial purposes is suggested by a Financial Executive Institute 1984 survey [9], by Exposure Drafts [5,6,7], and by the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95 from the Financial ...

Background: Swedish healthcare has become increasingly under strain with problems to recruit and retain personnel, decreasing production and productivity as well as increasing queues. This more demanding situation raised the question if it also would affect the healthcare system’s ability to deal with disruptions. The ability of a healthcare system to handle both regular and extraordinary disruptions is essential to ensure care of citizens under varying conditions and trust in the system. Purpose: to assess the ability of the Swedish healthcare system to handle both regular and extraordinary disruptions in a shortand long-term perspective. Theory: a resilience-engineering framework of four system functions: monitoring, response, anticipation and learning, was used. Methods: quantitative (official statistics) and qualitative methods were combined. DRG statistics determined production and the productivity of Swedish healthcare regions. Document studies, interviews and workshops helped...

Dairy goats with improved genetics for milk production were recently introduced onto small-scale farms in Zanzibar through governmental and non-governmental projects. These projects were meant to support small-scale farmers by improving both income and household nutrition through milk production. No follow up had been conducted to understand what effects dairy goat keeping had on these small-scale farms, or how they could be improved. A survey of 193 dairy goat farmers in Zanzibar was conducted, including 30% and 60% of all dairy goat farmers on Unguja and Pemba, the two largest islands, respectively. The objective was to understand the impact keeping dairy goats has on small-scale farming systems, current husbandry practices including feed supply (production and environmental concerns), perceived benefits and challenges of dairy goat keeping (economics), and how to design appropriate extension programs to increase sustainability (education). The survey with 116 questions explored topics including dairy goat feeding practices, goat health, current milk production practices, sale and family consumption, and education. Qualitative and quantitative information from the survey led to a more holistic understanding of dairy goats in the farm system. The survey established the key challenges limiting dairy goat production to be diseases (57% of respondents), feed shortage during dry season (49%), economic constraints (21%), lack of healthcare (18%), and lack of dairy goat husbandry information which would help farmers address the other challenges listed above (14%). Two challenges identified through later workshops were uncontrolled crossbreeding and lack of records. Key benefits of dairy goat keeping are increased income from selling live animals and milk (35%), manure (33%), milk (18%), and improved household nutrition (15%). Twelve percent of respondents reported no benefit from keeping dairy goats. Average milk production for dairy goats was 0.92 L per day for three months of the year, whereas local meat goats milk production peaks at about 0.3 L per day, only enough milk to feed their young. To make dairy goat keeping worthwhile, small-scale farmers need access to appropriate animal health care, milk markets, and additional dairy goat husbandry training. The findings of this survey will guide design of education and improvements to the overall profitability and sustainability of dairy goat integration in Zanzibar and provide a model for the humid tropics.

On 29 April 2021, the European Platform tackling undeclared work (hereafter the ‘Platform’) held a webinar on ‘COVID 19: combating fraud in short-term financial support schemes’.

The event brought together 31 participants from 20 countries, representing labour inspectorates and other enforcement authorities, as well as European level social partners, and representatives from Eurofound, the European Commission and the European Labour Authority (ELA).

Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is a potential solution for profitability analysis, especially in industries with high overhead costs and a high number logistical or sales transactions, which would make the updating of a conventional ABC model costly. Despite a wide ranging TDABC literature, little is known how a company’s customer base influences the way profitability management systems are developed. Accordingly, this study draws on the typology provided by Lind and Strömsten (2006) and focuses on the use of TDABC for customer profitability analyses (CPA). Thus the purpose of this paper is to investigate how companies with different customer interfaces make use of time-driven activity-based costing in their customer profitability analyses. The paper is based on three interventionist case studies focusing on the use of modern costing in CPA. We build our investigation primarily on the interventionist method and participant observation. Our findings highlight the potentia...

Proper management of finances in private primary schools is very imperative to their operations. There are, however, serious financial challenges in these private schools in Kenya as characterized by unprecedented high fees charged on students. The objective of this study was to assess the role of financial control in the growth of private primary schools in Kenya. The study was guided by the Cash Management Theory that gives emphasis to reasonable ways to deal with organizational finance management and efficient utilization as well as the Endogenous Growth Theory which stipulates that, in the long-run growth rate depends on a stable business environment. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative study design, which targeted 7,418 private primary schools in Kenya. Accessible population constituted of 3,431 heads of schools in four regions of Kenya namely: Nairobi, Central Kenya, Northeastern, and the Coastal regions. A random sampling method was used to draw a sample of 3...

Lean Six Sigma Improve Phase Tollgate Templates are a guide to Lean Six Sigma Green Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, and Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt Projects. Lean Six Sigma Practitioners use the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) Phases. The Lean Six Sigma Improve Phase Tollgate Templates include the most common tools used in the Improve Phase. There are Backup Slides that include the tools and templates of Optional or less often tools. There are guidelines in the notes section. These templates are used to document Lean Six Sigma Projects as they are executed. There are checklists and guides to ensure the Improve Phase is completed and approved before moving to the next process improvement phase. I wish you well on your projects. Steven Bonacorsi, Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt.

The Grains for Health FoundationÕs Whole Grains Summit, held May 19-22, 2012 in Minneapolis, was the first meeting of its kind to convene >300 scientists, educators, food technologists, grain breeders, food manufacturers, marketers, health professionals, and regulators from around the world. Its goals were to identify potential avenues for collaborative efforts and formulate new approaches to whole-grains research and health communications that support global public health and business. This paper summarizes some of the challenges and opportunities that researchers and nutrition educators face in expanding the knowledge base on whole grains and health and in translating and disseminating that knowledge to consumers. The consensus of the summit was that effective, long-term, public-private partnerships are needed to reach across the globe and galvanize the whole-grains community to collaborate effectively in translating whole-grains science into strategies that increase the availability and affordability of more healthful, grain-based food products. A prerequisite of that is the need to build trust among diverse multidisciplinary professionals involved in the growing, producing, marketing, and regulating of whole-grain products and between the grain and public health communities.

The importance of the academic literature about luxury follows an exponential curve. Among the topics studied, the luxury consumption is central, but a few works are focused on the Y-Generation (young adults, up to 32 years old) and only from a local perspective (Sun 2011). With the democratization of luxury, all generations are targeted by marketers and there is an academic and a managerial interest to understand the Y-generation consumers’ motivations for using and purchasing luxury goods. It is the purpose of this exploratory research.

Building upon the recent literature on the empirical economics of management, we posit that different forms of management practices introduced by Universities to support academic entrepreneurship affect how well spin-offs get created, supported and evaluated and, eventually, account for academic spinoff performance. We draw on a longitudinal sample of 790 Italian University spin-offs founded by 42 different Italian Universities and observed over the period 2006-2014. Our results suggest that management practices contribute to explain the growth of academic spin-offs and that this effect varies across management practices (e.g. support operations management vs. target management) and spin-offs’ growth patterns (e.g. high-growth vs. low-growth spin-offs). Drawing on these results, the adoption of management practices by University managers should be carefully considered as they seem to serve different purposes. Their appropriateness can vary and, not surprisingly, some management prac...

Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to identify whether certain consumers behave irrationally when it comes to select banking products. This paper builds on one of the most significant banking products that is the credit card. Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory research paper. Therefore, only descriptive analysis on the differences between three credit card user groups such as the Islamic credit card users, conventional card users and users who decide to use both credit cards, conventional and Islamic, were presented. Findings – The demographic and psychographic factors for the three different groups differ. In addition, there are four factors that influence the credit card selection. The factors are insurance/takaful provided by the credit issuers, cost associated with the credit card, the reward points programme offered and the convenience factors. Furthermore, the study found that three of the factors except insurance/takaful are significantly different between three credit card groups. Research limitations/implications – This paper is limited to the context of Malaysia and the respondents are mostly from the same ethnic. Therefore, it could not be generalised in the context of other countries and further studies comparing different culture or ethnic could benefit and enrich the topic of study. Practical implications – The Islamic and conventional banks could focus on several factors influencing customers’ selection and could focus to improve certain lacking areas as perceived by the consumers. The ability to increase the perceptions of the consumers regarding their credit cards will enable their products to be chosen in the market. Originality/value – There was a significant amount of literature discussed in the Islamic banking selection factors. However, little attention being paid to the selection of a specific bank’s product. This study offers a study that looks into the selection of the credit card offered by the banks in respect to the irrational behaviours of the religious consumers in economic activities as compared to the conventional economists. This paper will contribute to the body of existing literature of banking selection.

People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

This paper examines three important aspects of asset revaluations under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). First, it seeks to identify characteristics of firms that choose to employ the revaluation model instead of the cost model while accounting for PP&E. Hypothesizing both opportunistic and efficiency motives, the paper finds that firms with high leverage are more likely to choose the revaluation model, thus confirming contracting cost reasons, analogous to opportunistic motivation. However, the political cost reason of opportunistic motivation does not appear to be significant. On the other hand, our findings support that efficiency motive is highly significant behind asset revaluations, proving that firms with financial slack or those having higher percentage of investment in PPE are highly likely to choose the revaluation model, while those with growth opportunities are not. Second, given the managers' motivations for choosing the revaluation model, we find, using Ohlson (1995) model, that investors do not consider asset revaluation to be value relevant, proving that investors might already be aware of managers' motivation behind the choice. Finally, the paper empirically tests the effects of the use of the revaluation model on audit fees and finds that the choice of the revaluation model leads to a significant increase in audit fees. This finding supports the hypothesis that the use of the revaluation model involves additional audit effort that merits higher audit fees.

ABSTRACT Lean Six Sigma Executive Overview (Case Study) Templates are a guide to Lean Six Sigma Green Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, and Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt Projects. Lean Six Sigma Practitioners use the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) Phases. The Lean Six Sigma Executive Overview (Case Study) include the most common tools used in the DMAIC Phases. There are Backup Slides that include the tools and templates of Optional or less often tools. There are guidelines in the notes section. These templates are used to document Lean Six Sigma Projects as they are executed. I wish you well on your projects. Steven Bonacorsi, Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt.

Introduction: There are growing concerns among European health authorities regarding increasing prices for new cancer medicines, prices not necessarily linked to health gain and the implications for the sustainability of their healthcare systems. Areas covered: Narrative discussion principally among payers and their advisers regarding potential approaches to the pricing of new cancer medicines. Expert opinion: A number of potential pricing approaches are discussed including minimum effectiveness levels for new cancer medicines, managed entry agreements, multicriteria decision analyses (MCDAs), differential/tiered pricing, fair pricing models, amortization models as well as de-linkage models. We are likely to see a growth in alternative pricing deliberations in view of ongoing challenges. These include the considerable number of new oncology medicines in development including new gene therapies, new oncology medicines being launched with uncertainty regarding their value, and continued high prices coupled with the extent of confidential discounts for reimbursement. However, balanced against the need for new cancer medicines. This will lead to greater scrutiny over the prices of patent oncology medicines as more standard medicines lose their patent, calls for greater transparency as well as new models including amortization models. We will be monitoring these developments.

Abstract: This study's primary purpose was to determine the relationship between leadership and the dependent variable organizational learning readiness at three locations of a small-size business enterprise in the Mid-Western United States. Surveys were acquired within an exploratory correlational research design and the results indicated leadership explained a large degree of the variance in the dependent variable. The results offer HRD practitioners targets for deficiency interventions within the systems and structures of small-size ...

In the democratic digital environment, brand managers frequently deal with the unauthorized use of the brand by third parties. The phenomenon, known as brand hijacking, has been treated in different and sometimes conflicting ways in the academic and professional literature. The aim of this paper is to clarify the meaning of brand hijacking and to shed light on the various motivations and intentions underpinning the phenomenon.,A Delphi-based survey among both academic and professional experts was conducted to explore the key features of brand hijacking and expand existing theories.,The results of the Delphi survey enable the main brand hijacking actions to be mapped, based on two motivational axes (utilitarian–idealistic and destructive–constructive) and on the various intentions that guide the hijackers. The results help re-define the key elements of brand hijacking, through the lens of non-collaborative brand co-creation.,Managerial implications are presented in terms of the corpo...

To cite:
Wilkins, A. 2017. Rescaling the local: Multi-academy trusts, private monopoly and statecraft in England. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 49 (2), 171-185

For the past six years successive UK governments in England have introduced reforms intended to usher in less aggregated, top-down, bureaucratically overloaded models of service delivery as well as secure conditions for greater school autonomy.  Yet the ‘hollowing out’ of local government has not resulted in less bureaucracy on the ground or less regulation from above, nor has it diminished hierarchy as an organising principle of education governance.  In some cases, monopolies and monopolistic practices dominated by powerful bureaucracies and professional groups persist, albeit realised through the involvement of new actors and organisations from business and philanthropy.  In this paper I adopt a governmentality perspective to explore the political significance of large multi-academy trusts (MATs) – private sponsors contracted by central government to run publicly funded schools – to the generation of new scalar hierarchies and accountability infrastructures that assist in bringing the gaze of government to bear upon the actions of schools that are otherwise less visible under local government management.  On this account, it is argued, MATs are integral to statecraft and the invention and assemblage of particular apparatuses for intervening upon specific organisations, spaces and peoples.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a deeper insight into the organizational factors and personal motivations of intrapreneurs that may foster intrapreneurial behaviors of employees in a new technology-based firm (NTBF). Design/methodology/approach The paper takes a qualitative approach to explore organizational and individual antecedents of employees’ intrapreneurial behavior. A single case study was conducted on the basis of semi-structured interviews with the founders and top managers of the firm and with intrapreneurial employees. Findings Results show that intrapreneurial projects may arise in firms whose top managers support corporate entrepreneurship (CE) in a non-active manner. Intrapreneurial behaviors of employees can emerge despite the lack of time and limited resources available for undertaking projects. Moreover, work discretion and mutual confidence and the quality of the relationship between employees and top managers are the most valued factors for intrap...

The author thanks the colleague of Ipea, Claudio Amitrano, and those of the Directorate of Macroeconomic Studies and Policies (Dimac), Lucas Vasconcelos and Saulo Quadro, for the suggestions to the first version of this text. I especially thank to Marcos Antônio Macedo Cintra and Claudio Hamilton Santos for the careful reading and critical comments made during the preparation of this final version. My sincere thanks to Carlos Mussi, Director of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Brazil, for hosting the theme and for the support received during my researcher fellow period in this institution from January to March 2017, when I had important contributions from Roberto de Freitas Melo and Marcos Vinicius Chiliatto Leite. A substantial part of the research that resulted in this text was carried out in the Department of Economic Development of ECLAC in Santiago, Chile, so I would like to thank to the director Daniel Titelman and the researcher Esteban Pérez Caldentey for the support, suggestions for the development of the research project. All these people are now entirely exempt from possible inaccuracies and gaps remaining in the version presented here. 2. Planning and research technique at Dimac/Ipea.

• To describe the basis and evolution of blockchain in the context of built environment activities and processes. • To evaluate the implications and impact of blockchain technology upon the construction and property industries. • To reflect upon the linkages between blockchain and Construction 4.0.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of remuneration on employee motivation. Today, business world is too much competitive. Therefore, all the business organization ensures best employees for getting competitive position. This study mainly focuses on Unilever because it is the biggest multinational corporation of Bangladesh. The researchers evaluate here how remuneration impact on employee’s motivation in the context of Unilever, Bangladesh. Hence, it also identified that which remuneration factor influences the employee’s desire level. This study also evaluates the relationship between remuneration and motivation. The qualitative research method is used for data collections and researchers used secondary sources of data for review in the systematic manner. The researcher also used the case study methods for understanding the unclear situation of Unilever.

ALREADY LIVE ON AMAZON , buy now this ebook of methods from the world’s best in 63 professions. PEERLESS PRACTICAL TESTED not fact pile “literacy” but procedure literacy!!  Essential for parenting and leading by us all. BUT TOUGH for these methods come from the world’s best——they are not at all the way you now operate & the way I now operate—— they are a leap beyond us! Dozens of my former students have built profitable 10 year plus old consultancies based on single methods of the 100 methods in this book. There is no gigantic global corporation you cannot become VP or CEO of by riding just two or three of these 100 methods——nothing more than that is needed to get to the top. But i warn you—Each method in this book will require deep abiding changes in how you view things, value things, and what you aim for, plus, how you do and implement. The rewards are huge however and immediate! The book is extremely well ordered so you can study any method in any order without getting lost. Each method came from those at the top of 63 fields via being most effective BUT WITH added bits from other eminent ones doing something very similar but slightly better in this or that respect.  No one expert’s way of work was as good therefore in every detail as EACH of this ebook’s 100 methods. Rise above the tops of every field using this ebook!  Magic power!

The UK fashion industry has changed in the last twenty-five years with the introduction and development of new technologies, increased consumer demands and changing consumer behaviour. These changes have disrupted many business models within the fashion supply chain for example in the areas of consumer expectations, retail formats, product assortment, speed to market and manufacturing (Barnes & Lea-Greenwood, 2006; Christopher, Lowson, & Peck, 2008; Doyle, Moore, & Morgan, 2006; Goworek, 2014; McCormick et al., 2014; Tyler, Heeley, & Bhamra, 2006).There is limited research in the field of Fashion Product Development (FPD) with relatively few theoretical models that support the process (d’Avolio, Bandinelli, & Rinaldi, 2015; Goworek, 2010; Le Pechoux, Little, & Istook, 2004; Silva & Rupasinghe, 2016). These however, are considered dated and do not consider the changes and challenges in contemporary UK High Street fashion sector. This research critically investigates product developme...

Accounting profession has customarily been thorough and detail-oriented, and despite the fact that it is still vital, modern accounting professionals require a much more extensive set of competences. They require exceptionally creative analytical and logical capabilities, alongside the capacity to successfully and unmistakably transfer financial and monetary information to far-reaching audiences. More or less, I think that I have these capabilities together with the IT competences, persistence, meticulousness, and diligence necessary to become a successful accounting professional.

Social responsibility of media enterprises-economic context. The economic goal of any open market enterprise, including a media enterprise, is to generate profit and add value to the enterprise. However, each enterprise operates in a specific social and cultural context, which requires taking into account the needs and expectations of the local community. These needs can be ranked in three areas: economic, social and environmental. The complexity of the system of economic and social goals causes that within it there are relationships between individual goals that may be neutral, complementary or contradictory. In his article, the author draws his research attention to emerging dilemmas in the economic field. These problems are analyzed in the light of the social responsibility of media companies. Społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw medialnych-kontekst ekonomiczny. Celem ekonomicznym każdego przedsiębiorstwa działającego na wolnym rynku, również przedsiębiorstwa medialnego, jest generowanie zysków i pomnażanie wartości przedsiębiorstwa. Każde przedsiębiorstwo działa jednak w określonym kontekście społecznym i kulturowym, co domaga się uwzględnienia potrzeb i oczekiwań społeczności lokalnej. Potrzeby te można uszeregować w trzech obszarach: ekonomicznym, socjalnym i ekologicznym. Złożoność systemu celów ekonomicznych i społecznych sprawia, że wewnątrz niego dochodzi do relacji między poszczególnymi celami, które mogą być neutralne, uzupełniające bądź też sprzeczne. W swoim artykule autor zwraca swoją badawczą uwagę na rodzące się dylematy w obszarze ekonomicznym. Analiza tych problemów prowadzona jest w świetle społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw medialnych.

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2015 can bring both positive and negative impact on MSMEs. To deal with any negative impacts, SMEs need for strategies to exist and continue growing. One such strategy is the cluster approach. This approach is done by grouping the core industries that are interconnected, both supporting industries (supporting industries), industries related (related industries), supporting services, economic infrastructure, research, training, education, information infrastructure, technology infrastructure, natural resources, and any related institutions. Cluster is also a way to set some economic development activities. Based on the result, Strategies to Increase Industry Competitiveness in Facing ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is done by: 1. The use of core competencies in seeking to improve the competitiveness clusters. And 2. Creating their competitive advantage cluster based on RBV (Resources Based Value) approach. Key words: competitiveness, strategy, cluster in...

ogy has also demonstrated useful advantages in other financial applications, including futures trading volumes prediction in bankruptcy prediction, are limited to back-propagation neural networks. Their well-known disadvantages, however, limit the practical usefulness , stocks selection (Kryzanowski, Galler, and Wright, 1993), forecasting exchange rates (Kuan of neural discriminant models. Instead, a probabilistic neural network with fewer of these difficulties is proposed. Using data from the U.S. and Liu, 1995), and real estate valuation (Worzala, Lenk, and Silva, 1995).

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH. Review foundations, principles, paradigms, definitions and concepts, related to the Nation ́s Competitiveness and Constraints Theory, expose the Reference Conceptual and Methodological Framework to improve, develop and evolve competitiveness, capacity and/or power to overcome environmental situations in the economy of a nation. PROBLEM: Competitiveness of the Nations, it is a complex, transversal and multidisciplinary issue, causes, consequences and effects are confused, indicators are wrongly intervened. The Reference Framework unifies criteria, definitions and concepts around competitiveness. Is the integrator key factor, to define the Methodological Framework based Constraints Theory, which defines the process to develop Nations Competitiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Review exposed Referential Conceptual and Methodological Framework related to the Nation’s Competitiveness and Constraints Theory. Concluded that Economy Competitiveness is the power and/or capacity to d...

A project has been defined as a ";I complex transaction covering n direct package of products, scrviccs and other actions designed specifically to crcatc capital assets that produce benefits for the buyer over an cxtcnded period of time" (COW and Holstius. 1990). This includes for instance the salt of huge systems in such industries as Aerospace. Construction, Energy.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global economy in different ways. While some sectors such as aviation and tourism experienced a sharp decline in demand, others felt some growth. For example, the media and food retail industry are some of the sectors that have benefitted from the pandemic. They experienced a rise in demand for products and services as lockdowns and other measures to reduce the spread of the coronavirus forced people to remain at home and use online channels for entertainment and to order goods. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the globalization of consumption by lowering people's incomes and reducing the demand for goods and services. It indicates the need for governments to use a fiscal policy that involves changes to taxes and higher spending to boost people’s incomes and trigger growth through higher consumption. Thus, the economic challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a decline in the globalization of consumption but ...

This research is intended to provide empirical evidence of the influence of financial performance on the accountability of city government performance in Indonesia. The sample in this study is 1226 district / city governments in indonesia 2012-2014. The data is formed into a combined panel data between time series data and cross section data that is processed using multiple regression model. Financial factors are proxied by regional financial independence, activity ratios, ratios of development function, intergovernmental income, and fiscal capacity. The results of this study indicate the ratio of regional financial independence, health ratio, fiscal capacity positively affect the performance accountability of local governments in Indonesia. While the ratio of development activities and intergovernmental income does not apply to the performance accountability of local governments in Indonesia.

The aim of this chapter is to develop knowledge of retail environments through an overview of the most used technologies in retailing and the contribution of in-store technologies to the experience of the fashion store environment. The chapter commences with an overview of the influence of multichannel development, consumer-facing technologies, and their adoption by fashion retailers. The second part examines the use of digital signage and its contribution to atmospherics in a department store. The researchers have used a mixed method approach, with observational techniques drawn first from ethnographic methodology, and second, a quantitative approach to consumers' environmental response behavior. The results indicate a limited use of innovative in-store technologies and reliance on conventional technological media in fashion stores. Secondly, digital signage demonstrates both communication and experiential effects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of convergence between the virtual and physical store environments and the implications for theory and management.

Our current environmental situation requires serious attention. We can see the problems that our environment is facing everywhere, including air pollution, ozone depletion, global warming, hazardous waste disposal and water pollution. Today, consumers are aware that their individual consumption behaviour affects the environment and these consumers are more conscious of the seriousness of environmental degradation. Thus, consumers are increasingly engaging in environmentally friendly behaviour and are interested in supporting businesses that are engaging in green strategies. Green purchasing behaviour can help achieve a sustainable environment. Four factors that may influence green purchasing behaviour were examined in this study: perceived seriousness of environmental problems, perceived environmental responsibility, perceived effectiveness of environmental behaviour and concern for self-image in environmental protection. Data were collected from Lebanon, and three factors were found to have positive effects on green purchasing behaviour. The results also indicated that the perceived seriousness of environmental problems was the main contributor to green purchasing behaviour.

Now EBOOK ON AMAZON———OUR KNOWLEDGE SNGULARITY—undo harms top ten colleges cripple minds with—-when our best & brightest fail and the rest of us lap venal of their droppings off streets——when to assure that your kids safely get worth not self uberalles religion of business harm and cocaine habits from “top” colleges professors ventures firms and vampire blood sucking media, you must in parallel have them learn from a clever caring deep ANTIDOTE COLLEGE—this book is it!!!!  There is nothing remotely like it anywhere!  But it is an unpleasant read for those wedded to some snob college provided STATUS substitutes for care decency thought.  Buy it instantly 2 days from now. STARTS WITH A NEW KIND OF COLLEGE TEACHING APPLYING INVENTING 33 creativity sciences in parallel. WHEN creativity leads usual MBA and tech venturings ruin lives in baseless enthusiasms.  Read find bedrock instead!!!!?    NOW ALSO———ON AMAZON 2 more Ebooks formatted for iphone reading.  SAVE A KID——SAVE YOUR KID——SAVE A NERD——SAVE YOUR NERD——SAVE A TYRANT BOSS——SAVE YOUR TYRANT BOSS——along the way save your self, whatever remains of it.  We are all sick and tired of dealing with non-people in human form all around us. We are all sick of news about the horrible ways they treat each other and the vile inability of any of them with any wealth at all to take care of other people. We are sick of top colleges top professors top institutions top analyses stealing from entire populations and ruining the planet. There is no chance at all that the people we elect will handle any of this——they are the most horrible among us. In this lovely situation you and I have to forge lives create kids selves care happiness etc etc etc as the king of Siam liked to say. I ACTUALLY RESEARCHED THIS DECADES AGO in great practical detail helped by homework i assigned my U Chicago Booth School MBAs. These 3 ebooks are WITHOUT PEER—and utterly essential reading for those of you who think you are fully human now.  They are NOT for wimps falling for the ways of their own gender nation profession era.  ENJOY—give them to your tyrant boss as present or drop anonymously on their desk and observe LOL