Nutrition and Dietetics

The worldwide epidemic of obesity has become an important public health issue, with serious psychological and social consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial disorder in which various elements (genetic, host, and environment), play a definite role, even if none of them satisfactorily explains its etiology. A number of neurological comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression, charges the global obesity burden, and evidence suggests the hypothesis that the brain could be the seat of the initial malfunction leading to obesity. The gut microbiome plays an important role in energy homeostasis regulating energy harvesting, fat deposition, as well as feeding behavior and appetite. Dietary patterns, like the Western diet, are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, probably promoting a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota. Moreover, the existence of a “gut–brain axis” suggests a role for microbiome on hosts’ behavior according to different modalities, including interaction th...

A lot of people especially women above 40 has been wondering about if KETO would really be helpful for them. In this paper I have explained the science behind the KETO and and how it help to reduce the weight. Hope it will help to those are struggling with excess weight issues.

Fatty acid composition of human milk (HM) is known to change considerably during lactation. However, we were unable to find data on changes of fatty acid composition of HM during the very early phase of lactation, i.e. in the first week of life. HM samples were obtained from 18 healthy lactating women every day during the first week and thereafter on the 14th and 28th days of lactation. Fatty acid composition of colostrum and mature HM samples was determined by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Values of the n-6 essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, in HM did not change significantly during the first month of lactation, whereas values of the n-3 essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid, showed significant increases during the first 2 weeks of lactation (1st day: 0.49 [0.12], % weight/weight, median [ranges from the 1st to the 3rd quartile], 14th day: 0.69 [0.31], p < 0.05). In contrast, values of the n-6 long-chain metabolites, eicosadienoic-, dihomo-gamma-linolenic- and arachidonic acid, as well as the values of the n-3 long-chain metabolites, eicosatrienoic-, and eicosapentaenoic acid exhibited significant decreases during the entire period investigated. The principal n-3 long-chain metabolite, docosahexaenoic acid, showed a significant increase between the 3rd and 14th days, but a significant decrease between the 14th and 28th days (3rd day: 0.15 [0.13], 14th day: 0.28 [0.11], p < 0.05, 28th day: 0.19 [0.12], p < 0.01). There were statistically significant positive correlations between arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid values on the 1st (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), 5th (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) and the 6th (r = 0.53, p < 0.05) days of lactation. Fatty acid composition of HM changes significantly even during the first week of lactation. The lack of positive correlation between essential fatty acids and their long-chain metabolites suggests that it is not only the availability of essential fatty acids that influences the fatty acid composition of human colostrum.

A concise Pamphlet for those wishing to follow the aboriginal human vegan diet as Prophet Moses re-specified for homo sapiens sapiens in the Bible Genesis 1: 29 that can help one prevent and reverse chronic diseases and acute diseases because most sickness has its foundation in eating and drinking the wrong things. Consequently, emphasis is put on the cleansing of the colon as this a priori is where most problem causation and thus reversal lies.

Consumers around the globe are now more aware of the relation between nutrition and good health. This has led to a number of scientific studies identifying food and food components that have specific health benefits. Functional foods are defined as foods that, in addition to nutrients, supply the organism with components that contribute to the cure of diseases, or to reduce the risk of developing them. One of the first countries in the world to recognize the concept of functional foods was Japan. The Japanese government defines FOSHU (Foods for Specific Health Use) as Foods which are expected to have certain health benefits, and have been
licensed to bear a label in the product claiming the health effect (Sanders, 1998).
The establishment of a microflora rich in bifidobacteria poses an advantage with respect to maintaining and improving health. In the past two to three decades, one of the main targets of the functional food industry has been the development of products aimed at improving gut health. The idea of manipulating the intestinal microflora in order to prolong life can be tracked down to the early part of the twentieth century. In 1907, the Nobel Prize winner Eli Metchnikoff published his book The Prolongation of Life, where he postulated that the long life span of Bulgarian people was due to the consumption of fermented milks that contained the microorganism Bacillus bulgaricus, currently known as Lactobacillus delbrueckii. According to Metchnikoff, the consumption of these bacteria would have the effect of eliminating putrefactive bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the same period, the French pediatrician Henry Tissier discovered the predominance of bifidobacteria in the feces of The establishment of a microflora rich in bifidobacteria poses an advantage with respect to maintaining and improving health. In the past two to three decades, one of
the main targets of the functional food industry has been the development of products aimed at improving gut health. The idea of manipulating the intestinal microflora in order to prolong life can be tracked down to the early part of the twentieth century. In 1907, the Nobel Prize winner Eli Metchnikoff published his book The Prolongation of Life, where he postulated that the long life span of Bulgarian people was due to the
consumption of fermented milks that contained the microorganism Bacillus bulgaricus, currently known as Lactobacillus delbrueckii. According to Metchnikoff, the consumption of these bacteria would have the effect of eliminating putrefactive bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In the same period, the French pediatrician Henry Tissier discovered the predominance of bifidobacteria in the feces of The term probiotic, from Greek “for life,” was used for the first time by Lilly
and Stillwell (1965) to define substances produced by microorganisms which would
enlarge the growth phase of other microorganisms. Later, Parker (1974, pp. 366)
changed this definition to “organisms and substances that contribute to intestinal balance.”
Fuller (1989, pp. 366) eliminated the concept of substances from the definition
of probiotics, and substituted it for “live microbial feed supplements which beneficially
affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance.” This definition
was later extended to include a viable mono or mixed culture of bacteria that
will beneficially affect the host when applied to human or animals by improving the
properties of the indigenous microflora. Contrarily, Salminen et al. (1999, pp. 109)
stated that there are documented health effects of nonviable probiotics and even the
cell wall components on some probiotic microbes. This led to the establishment of
the following definition: “Probiotics are microbial cell preparations or components of
microbial cells that have a beneficial effect on the health and well-being of the host.”
This definition introduces a second novelty with respect to the one proposed by Fuller,
and it is the beneficial effect of probiotics on human health in general rather than
specifically on intestinal health. The most accepted definition nowadays is that given
by the World Health Organization as “live microorganisms that, when administered
in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host” (Araya et al., 2002, pp. 8).
Prebiotics have been defined as nondigestible food ingredients beneficially affecting
the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of a limited number
of bacteria in the colon and thus improving the host health (Gibson et al., 2004b).
Probiotics and prebiotics can be combined in symbiotic preparations (symbiotics).
These mixtures beneficially affect the host in different ways. For instance, by improving
the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the GIT;
by selectively stimulating the growth and/or by activating the metabolism of one or a
limited number of health-promoting bacteria, and thus improving the host well-being
(Hamilton-Miller, 2003).

Au regard des dégâts majeurs engendrés par la malnutrition aiguë, le Ministère de la santé
publique n’aménage aucun effort pour identifier des approches les mieux adaptées pour lutter de manière efficace et efficiente devant cette pathologie. Le nouveau protocole PCIMA
édition 2016 s’inscrit dans cette démarche afin de doter le pays d’un document technique de
référence pour permettre aux prestataires de terrain à mieux conduire la lutte contre la malnutrition.
La révision de l’ancien protocole intervenu cinq ans après sa mise en œuvre a permis au pays
d’acquérir un nouveau document qui suit la dynamique de l’évolution des progrès scientifiques, fruit des récentes découvertes dans le domaine de nutrition. Le nouveau protocole a le mérite d’approfondir les aspects cliniques des cas des complications médicales majeurs qui augmentaient sensiblement le risque de décès dans les formations hospitalières avec UNTI. Le souci du Ministère de la santé publique est celui de disposer des documents des directives techniques qui répondent au mieux à l’offre de service PCIMA de haute qualité. Le nouveau protocole PCIMA 2016 est beaucoup plus explicite, il fournit des éclaircissements, des commentaires, des informations scientifiques pour renforcer la compréhension des actes que l’on est appelé à poser devant certaines situations
spécifiques. Ceci renforce la confiance des utilisateurs et dissipe par conséquent des doutes ou des tergiversations.

Ce document technique de référence s’adresse à toutes les catégories de prestataires et leur
fournit les directives techniques actualisées pour améliorer leurs prestations. Il met toujours
en contribution la conjugaison des efforts des parties prenantes dans l’offre des soins à savoir
les structures des soins, la famille et la communauté. La PCIMA s’aligne dans le PNDS en respectant
les principes directeurs de mise en œuvre des activités basées sur l’intégration, la continuité, la globalité des soins centrés sur l’homme, la progressivité dans le développement des structures de prise en charge et l’amélioration de la couverture.

Je suis persuadé que ce document trouvera un écho favorable auprès des utilisateurs, puisqu’il vient
combler le vide tant décrié et surtout renforcer la qualité de la prestation des activités PCIMA sur toute l’étendue du territoire national. Par conséquent, les utilisateurs feront montre de haut niveau
de responsabilité pour garder jalousement cet outil de travail et en faire régulièrement référence
dans tous les instants pour garantir issue heureux dans le processus de prise en charge de la malnutrition aiguë.

De peur de ne pas être exhaustif dans la citation des tous ceux qui ont contribué à l’élaboration de
ce document, le PRONANUT présente toute sa gratitude à la consultation internationale de l’équipe de professeur Mac Golden pour l’encadrement dans l’élaboration de ce protocole, à l’UNICEF, au
PAM, à l’OMS et aux ONG Internationales et nationales ainsi qu’à tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin,
ont apporté un appui matériel, financier ou technique à l’élaboration de ce précieux outil de travail.

Renal lithiasis is a multifactorial disease. An important number of etiologic factors can be adequately modified through diet, since it must be considered that the urine composition is directly related to diet. In fact, the change of inappropriate habitual diet patterns should be the main measure to prevent kidney stones. In this paper, the relation between different dietary factors (liquid intake, pH, calcium, phosphate, oxalate, citrate, phytate, urate and vitamins) and each type of renal stone (calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary, calcium oxalate monohydrate unattached, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate/hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite, struvite infectious, brushite, uric acid, calcium oxalate/uric acid and cystine) is discussed.

Sesbania grandiflora L. an indigenous species native to Asian, South-Asian nations widely used for innumerable purpose. The plant is accepted for its vast use for an economic benefit from environmental valuation to human livelihood. Nation such as Indonesia, Philippines cultivate this plant for economical purpose. The plant is also known to be useful for manufacture of paper and pulp. Thus, cellulose and fibres generated from various sources from this plant is highly valued in developing the economy. Moreover, the seeds of Sesbania are indeed utilized for consumption purpose. The current research is carried out to testify the amount of Dietary fibre in the seeds of Sesbania grandiflora L. Researches have shown the plant leaves enriched with high amount of nutrient content, hence the seed of the plant too forms an attractive theme to search out and study experimentally for the various nutritional sources. The research carried out for evaluation of dietary fibre successfully concludes the quantity and its consumption on a daily basis in a diet.

Protected denomination of origin (PDO) cheeses have distinctive sensorial characteristics. They can be made only from raw milk possessing specific features, which is processed through the 'art' of the cheesemaker. In general, the distinctive sensorial traits of PDO cheese cannot be achieved under different environmental-production conditions for two main reasons: (1) some milk features are linked to specific animal production systems; (2) cheese ripening is affected by the interaction between milk (specific) and the traditional technology applied to the transformation process (non-specific). Also, the environment for a good ripening stage can be quite specific and not reproducible. With reference to milk, factors of typicality are species and/or breed, pedoclimatic conditions, animal management system and feeding. Other factors that influence cheese quality are milk treatments, milk processing and the ripening procedures. The technology applied to most cheeses currently know...

The diversity of local Mediterranean food elements is not known in detail, but offers itself to search for new vegetables, salads, fruits and spices which could be used in to enrich diets outside their region of origin. Most amid those interesting local elements are edible wild plants and weeds. Ethnobotanical research has identified ca. 2,300 different plant and fungi taxa, which are gathered and consumed in the Mediterranean. Among these,
1,000 are only consumed in one single zone, therefore are strictly local. The percentage of local gathered food plant (GFP) taxa (present in 5 samples), is higher in the main centers of diversity at the periphery of the Mediterranean (Sahara, Alps, Caucasus, Canary Islands, the Levant). Islands (Sicily, Sardinia, Crete, Cyprus) also show a high proportion. Endemism of GFP taxa only accounts for a limited number of these ‘ethnobotanical endemics’ (only ca. 350 are endemic/ endangered species). On the other hand, only a few taxa – 30 occurring in...

Polyphenols are a group of phytochemicals with potential health-promoting effects. They are classified as flavonoid (flavonols, flavanols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and anthocyanins) and non-flavonoid molecules (phenolic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and tannins). Although an increasing number of trials have shown a correlation among polyphenol consumption and a reduction in risk factors for chronic diseases, discrepancies in explaining their positive effects have been found in terms of the bioavailability. In fact, polyphenols show a low bioavailability due to several factors: interaction with the food matrix, the metabolic processes mediated by the liver (phase I and II metabolism), intestine and microbiota. On the other hand, the biological activities of phenol compounds may be mediated by their metabolites, which are produced in vivo, and recent studies have confirmed that these molecules may have antioxidant and anti-phlogistic properties. This revi...

Günümüzde insan nüfusu sürekli artarken çevresel kirlilik ve iklim problemleri nedeniyle besin üretim verimliliği azalmaktadır. Bu nedenle alternatif besinler araştırılmaktadır. Bu derleme, geleceğe yönelik alternatif besin kaynaklarının güncel bilimsel literatür ile incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Pubmed ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarında 2010 2021 yıllarını kapsayan geleceğe yönelik besin alternatiflerinin sunulduğu çalışmalar incelenmiş ve derleme haline getirilmiştir. Geleceğe yönelik besin alternatifleri doğal ve biyoteknolojik alternatifler olarak iki grupta incelenmektedir. Doğal alternatifler besin değeri oldukça yüksek olup dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde uzun yıllardır tüketilen yenilebilir böcekler ve alglerdir. Bu kaynakların verimlilikleri yüksek ve çevresel zararları düşüktür. Biyoteknolojik yöntemlerle elde edilen alternatifler ise genetik düzenleme ile üretilen besinler, zenginleştirilmiş fonksiyonel veya süper besinler ve sentetik ettir. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile bu yöntemlerle üretilen besinler ve bu besinlere olan talep artmıştır. Çeşitli sorunlara çözüm önerileri getirmeleri nedeniyle de bu alanlarda gelişmenin devam edeceği öngörülmektedir. Gelecekte artan nüfusla birlikte besin ihtiyacının artacağı bilinmektedir. Günümüzde tarım ve hayvancılık da doğaya zarar vermektedir. Geleceğe yönelik alternatifler düşünürken öncelik bu zararın azaltılması olmalıdır. Sürdürülebilir, çevre dostu ve verimli besin üretim sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Alternatif besinler kapsamlı araştırılmalı ve risk analizleri yapılmalıdır. İleri çalışmalara sonucunda gerekli mevzuatlar ve politikalar oluşturulmalıdır.

Nutritional value of plant purely depends on the methodology of cultivation. (Urmila Sarkar and Surendra Sawardekar) Different methods of cultivation lead to prior proficiency of plant growth in terms of germination, height, weight, nutritional factors and so on. (Urmila Sarkar and Surendra Sawardekar). A practice of 'Organic farming' for the production of quality based nutritional contents becomes an essential element. A crop such as Zea mays L. (Maize or Corn) is an important staple crop known for its wide range of nutritional component such as Carbohydrate, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, moisture, ash etc. (Urmila Sarkar and Surendra Sawardekar). The experimental research is focused on assessment of Protein content from organically grown Zea mays L. (maize/corn). The results conclude efficient amount of total protein in Zea mays L. plant material as a whole viz. root, leaf and seed.

Advanced Medical Sciences: An International Journal (AMS) is a quarterly open access peerreviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Medical
Sciences. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from
academia and industry to focus on understanding advances in Medical Sciences and establishing
new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate research
results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in
the areas of Medical Sciences.

The Mongol Zoominar presents:

Daily Life in the Mongol Empire
with
Susanne Reichert (University of Michigan)
"A Day at Karakorum: The City and Its People"

Alicia Ventresca Miller (University of Michigan)
"Life in the Northern Realms of the Mongol Empire"

Organizer and Moderator: Qiao Yang (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science)

Friday, February 18, 2022, 15:30 (IST time, GMT+2)

For Details and link:
Jonathan Brack: brackjon@bgu.ac.il
Wonhee Cho: wonheecho@gmail.com

Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) formed during heating of food have gained interest as potential nutritional toxins with adverse effects on inflammation and glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the short-term effects of high and low molecular weight (HMW and LMW) dietary AGE on insulin sensitivity, expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), the AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) andTNF-α, F2-isoprostaglandins, body composition and food intake. For 2 weeks, thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 20 % milk powder with different proportions of this being given as heated milk powder (0, 40 or 100 %), either native (HMW) or hydrolysed (LMW). Gene expression ofRAGEandAGER1in whole blood increased in the group receiving a high AGE LMW diet, which also had the highest urinary excretion of the AGE, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1). Urinary excretion ofNε-carboxymethyl-lysine increased with increasing proportion of heat-treated milk pow...

The Seven Countries Study showed that traditional Japanese and Mediterranean diets are protective against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The Japanese diet is considered the healthiest because it provides Japanese populations with the highest longevity and health. DASH and Mediterranean-style diets are also considered healthy diets, although the Indo-Mediterranean-style diet may provide better protective effects among patients with CVDs compared to other diets. The concept of the Indo-Mediterranean type of diet was developed after examining its role in the prevention of CVDs in India, the value of which was confirmed by a landmark study from France: the Lyon Heart Study. These workers found that consuming an alpha-linolenic acid-rich Mediterranean-style diet can cause a significant decline in CVDs and all-cause mortality. Later in 2018, the PREDIMED study from Spain also reported that a modified Mediterranean-style diet can cause a significant decline in CVDs, type 2 diabetes mellit...

Undernutrition in early childhood has long-term physical and intellectual consequences. Improving child growth should start before the age of two years and be an integrated effort between all sectors, covering all aspects such as diet and nutrient intake, disease reduction, optimum child care, and improved environmental sanitation. To discuss these issues, the Indonesian Danone Institute Foundation organized an expert meeting on Child Growth and Micronutrient Deficiencies: New Initiatives for Developing Countries to Achieve Millennium Development Goals. The objective of the meeting was to have a retrospective view on child growth: lessons learned from programs to overcome under-nutrition in the developed countries and to relate the situation to the Indonesian context, as well as to discuss implications for future programs. Recommendations derived from the meeting include focus intervention on the window of opportunity group, re-activation of the Integrated Health Post at the village...

Consuming a healthy diet in childhood helps to protect against malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This cross-sectional study described the diets of 132,489 children aged six to nine years from 23 countries participating in round four (2015–2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children’s parents or caregivers were asked to complete a questionnaire that contained indicators of energy-balance-related behaviors (including diet). For each country, we calculated the percentage of children who consumed breakfast, fruit, vegetables, sweet snacks or soft drinks “every day”, “most days (four to six days per week)”, “some days (one to three days per week)”, or “never or less than once a week”. We reported these results stratified by country, sex, and region. On a daily basis, most children (78.5%) consumed breakfast, fewer than half (42.5%) consumed fruit, fewer than a quarter (22.6%) consumed fresh vegetables, and around one in ten consume...