The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is res... more The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is responsible for one of the main problems of global public health, because it is estimated that over 80 million people are infected by it every year. In Brazil there are reports that dengue fever epidemics have been present from the beginning of the twentieth century. However, the first dengue fever outbreak documented in the country occurred in 1982. From that point on, the Brazilian territory has been plagued by several of these epidemics. Among the various attempts to elucidate the factors that influence the dynamics of the transmission of dengue fever, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reorganized, in 2002, the National Plan to Combat Dengue Fever and instituted a normative procedure by which the areas affected by this epidemic should be mapped. The use of geographical information systems is a powerful tool for the spatial analysis of risk; by this means the spatial distribution of the ev...
Background Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annuall... more Background Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is anthropophilic mosquito, extremely well adapted to the urban environment and utilizes varied habitats for egg-laying and development. This study analysed the distribution of mosquito larvae and eggs in urban area of Santa Bárbara dʼOeste, São Paulo, Brazil. The spatial correlation between locations in which people store recyclable materials and the distribution of larvae and eggs were verified. Methods Larvae and ovitrap egg collections were conducted from 2014 to 2016. All persons who stored recyclable materials for living were registered and georeferenced. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify spatial and temporal trends in the number of eggs and larvae/pupae. Euclidian distance map was constructed to correlate recyclable collectors and Ae. aegypti, and Moranʼs index was employed to verify their spatial autocorrelation and i...
Estudos Geográficos: Revista Eletrônica de Geografia, 2018
No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em pro... more No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP’s, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP’s. Através da utilização de geotecnologias tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que, nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, a legislação ambiental não ...
We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval hab... more We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, the presence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors. Data on larval habitats were collected in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and temporal variations were analysed using a wavelet-based approach. We quantified urban heat islands by calculating surface temperatures using the results of wavelet analyses and grey level transformation from Thematic Mapper images (Landsat 5). Ae. aegypti larval habitats were geo-referenced corresponding to the wavelet analyses to test the potential association between geographical distribution of habitats and surface temperature. In an inhomogeneous spatial point process, we estimated the frequency of occurrence of larval habitats in relation to temperature. The São Paulo State Social Vulnerability Index in the municipality of Santa Barbára d'Oeste was used to test ...
The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods norma... more The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods normally used have shown themselves to be insufficient to keep the indices of infestation of Aedes aegypti under control. Recently, beyond the large number of cases and deaths associated with dengue, new risks have arisen such as those represented by chikungunya fever and Zika. In the light of the great significance of these problems within the public health context, two areas in a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil were selected in 2014. One of them, Bairro Cidade Nova, was submitted to the conventional method of nebulization with portable equipment, and the other, Bairro Jardim Europa, received the application of the insecticide by means of heavy-equipment coupled to the vehicle. During the project, 1355 mosquito eggs were collected, 1105 of them in Bairro Cidade Nova and 205 in Bairro Jardim Europa. After the applications with heavy-equipment in the months of Ma...
A presente pesquisa analisa a aplicação das técnicas de origem multifractal para semestres chuvos... more A presente pesquisa analisa a aplicação das técnicas de origem multifractal para semestres chuvosos e secos em anos-padrão, considerados respectivamente chuvoso, habitual e seco, na região do médio e baixo curso da bacia do rio Tietê e no setor paulista da bacia do rio Paranapanema. Seguindo esta premissa, na área das bacias hidrográficas em questão, foi realizada uma análise espacial das chuvas por meio da construção de mapas de distribuição dos valores de dimensão fractal das precipitações, para os limiares de 0,1, 10, 20 e 40 milímetros. A dimensão multifractal mostrou-se compatível com o índice de participação obtido em outros estudos, podendo gerar indicadores numérico coerentes com o ritmo pluviométrico e a dinâmica das chuvas nestas áreas.
We evaluated the structural and floristic characteristics of a Brazilian savanna fragment occupie... more We evaluated the structural and floristic characteristics of a Brazilian savanna fragment occupied by cerradão (CD) and cerrado sensu stricto (CS) in response to the influence of rainfall and long-term fire suppression. We carried out floristic, phytosociological and remote sensing studies in a cerrado fragment located in Corumbataí (SP, Brazil) after 43 years of complete fire suppression. We surveyed 43 plots of 200 m2 each (17 plots in CS and 26 plots in CD) and all individuals ≥ 0.32 cm diameter measured at 30 cm from the ground were included in the sample. We calculated phytosociological parameters for each species and classified them in three ecological groups, namely savanna, generalist and forest species. The remote sensing analysis used aerial photographs and satellite images from 1962 to 2019 (i.e. 59 years). The structural study of community revealed high predominance of forest and generalist species when compared to savanna species. Non-linear correlation between CD expan...
Atualmente, as pesquisas sobre as tempestades severas e seus impactos são relevantes, pois altera... more Atualmente, as pesquisas sobre as tempestades severas e seus impactos são relevantes, pois alteram a or-ganização espacial. Tais fenômenos atmosféricos são difíceis de prever, pois para conhecer a sua gênese, é necessária a associação de diversos parâmetros meteorológicos que induzem a sistema potencialmente devastador. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os sistemas atmosféricos que atuaram no Estado de São Paulo e identificar os impactos ambientais de um episódio de tempestade severa.
Background: Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annual... more Background: Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is anthropophilic mosquito, extremely well adapted to the urban environment and utilizes varied habitats for egg-laying and development. This study analysed the distribution of mosquito larvae and eggs in urban area of Santa Bárbara dʼOeste, São Paulo, Brazil. The spatial correlation between locations in which people store recyclable materials and the distribution of larvae and eggs were verified. Methods: Larvae and ovitrap egg collections were conducted from 2014 to 2016. All persons who stored recyclable materials for living were registered and georeferenced. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify spatial and temporal trends in the number of eggs and larvae/pupae. Euclidian distance map was constructed to correlate recyclable collectors and Ae. aegypti, and Moranʼs index was employed to verify their spatial autocorrelation and identification of groupings. Results: A total of 137,825 eggs and 16,393 larvae were collected in different habitats from 2014 to 2016. The analyses showed that there was a spatial correlation between larvae and eggs collected, and these two kinds of surveys also presented a spatial correlation with the handling of recyclable materials. The results of the analyses showed significant spatial correlations between eggs and recyclable material collectors and between larvae and collectors. Conclusion: The entomological surveillance conducted using ovitraps as a proxy for the presence of Ae. aegypti is an efficient and sensitive method for monitoring the presence of mosquitoes and the impact of interventions employed for decreasing vector populations. Mosquito surveys employing ovitraps should be used more often in routine activities aiming to control dengue through vector control interventions. The locations used to store recyclable materials have a significant relationship with the maintenance of the dengue virus infection in the area. Further studies will be needed to analyse the contribution of recyclable locations, for which there is no ideal infrastructure to minimize the potential use of these materials as mosquito habitats. The entomological surveillance focused on locations of recycla-ble materials involving interventions that are different from those commonly used in Ae. aegypti control.
This article aims to perform an analysis of episodic characteristics of the spatial repercussions... more This article aims to perform an analysis of episodic characteristics of the spatial repercussions of the hail storm that occurred in the autumn of 2016, in the urban area of Rio Claro (SP). Through the radar images were examined the genesis, the evolution and the spatial temporal dissipation of the phenomenon. In this context, it was sought to highlight the atmospheric systems operating in the week of hail precipitation episode, occurred on the night of June 1th 2016. To analyze the socioeconomic impacts generated by hail rain, was used information provided by the Civil Defense. The use of statistical techniques, it was possible to verify the correlation between the occurrences recorded by Civil Defense, the social vulnerability aspect in the most affected areas and the type of cover used in the roofs of the dwellings. RESUMO / RESUMEN TEMPESTADE DE GRANIZO E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES GEOGRÁFICAS NO INTERIOR PAULISTA Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os eventos extremos de chuva de granizo e as repercussões espaciais desse fenômeno na área urbana da cidade de Rio Claro (SP). Usando as imagens de radar, foram examinadas a gênese, a evolução e a dissipação espaço-temporal do fenômeno, e nesse contexto, buscou-se destacar os sistemas atmosféricos atuantes na noite de 1º de junho de 2016. Para analisar os impactos socioeconômicos gerados foram utilizadas informações das ocorrências registradas pela Defesa Civil. A utilização de técnicas geoestatísticas possibilitou verificar a correlação entre as ocorrências registradas pela Defesa Civil, a vulnerabilidade social nas áreas mais atingidas e o tipo de material construtivo utilizado nos telhados das moradias. Palavras-chave: Granizo; Técnicas Geoestatísticas; Defesa Civil; Vulnerabilidade social. TORMENTA DE GRANIZO Y SUS REPERCUSIONES GEOGRÁFICAS EN EL INTERIOR DEL ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO Este artículo pretende realizar un análisis de carácter episódico del impacto espacial del la lluvia de granizo, que ocurrió en el otoño de 2016, el área urbana de Rio Claro (SP). Por medio de las imágenes de radar se examinaron la génesis, la evolución y la disipación espacial del fenómeno, y en este contexto, se resaltó los sistemas atmosféricos más actuantes en la semana de lo episodio de precipitación de granizo, que ocorrió en la noche del 1 de junio 2016. Para el análisis de los impactos socio-económicos causados por el granizo, se utiliza la información proporcionada por la Defensa Civil y los medios de comunicación impresos. Con el uso de técnicas estadísticas, fue posible verificar la correlación entre las ocurrencias registradas por la Defensa Civil, el aspecto de la vulnerabilidad social en las áreas más afectadas y el tipo de cobertura utilizada en los tejados de las viviendas.
We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval hab... more We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, the presence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors. Data on larval habitats were collected in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and temporal variations were analysed using a wavelet-based approach. We quantified urban heat islands by calculating surface temperatures using the results of wavelet analyses and grey level transformation from Thematic Mapper images (Landsat 5). Ae. aegypti larval habitats were geo-referenced corresponding to the wavelet analyses to test the potential association between geographical distribution of habitats and surface temperature. In an inhomogeneous spatial point process, we estimated the frequency of occurrence of larval habitats in relation to temperature. The São Paulo State Social Vulnerability Index in the municipality of Santa Barbára d'Oeste was used to test the potential association between presence of larval habitats and social vulnerability. We found abundant Ae. aegypti larval habitats in areas of higher surface temperature and social vulnerability and fewer larval habitats in areas with lower surface temperature and social vulnerability.
No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em pro... more No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP’s, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP’s. Através da utilização de geotecnologias, tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente a legislação ambiental não está sendo cumprida. Entretanto, para a bacia das Posses, a regularização das propriedades com relação ao Código Florestal não é suficiente para manter a conectividade da paisagem, pois ainda assim a área de matas não atinge o limite mínimo exigido para que a mesma percole.
The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is res... more The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is responsible for one of the main problems of global public health, because it is estimated that over 80 million people are infected by it every year. In Brazil there are reports that dengue fever epidemics have been present from the beginning of the twentieth century. However, the first dengue fever outbreak documented in the country occurred in 1982. From that point on, the Brazilian territory has been plagued by several of these epidemics. Among the various attempts to elucidate the factors that influence the dynamics of the transmission of dengue fever, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reorganized, in 2002, the National Plan to Combat Dengue Fever and instituted a normative procedure by which the areas affected by this epidemic should be mapped. The use of geographical information systems is a powerful tool for the spatial analysis of risk; by this means the spatial distribution of the event can be described and associations between an event and its determinants can be observed. Based on these assumptions this study aims to determine the geospatial patterns of dengue fever outbreaks in São Paulo State, Brazil. This region has been seriously affected by successive epidemics during the last 15 years. We have used conventional and spatial analytical tools (geostatistics analysis) to discern the patterns of the epidemic scenarios. Results showed that dengue fever outbreaks have affected two principal areas of risk: one located in the northwest and the other in the central-south portion of the São Paulo State.
Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosys-tems... more Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosys-tems, which provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses. However, few analyses have examined the associations between environmental factors and arboviral dis-eases. Thus, based on the hypothesis of correlation between environment and epidemiol-ogy, the proposals of this study were (1) to obtain the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fevers in Brazil based on environmental condi-tions corresponding to the periods of occurrence of the outbreaks; (2) to describe the macro-climatic scenario in Brazil in the last 50 years, evaluating if there was any detectable tendency to increase temperatures and (3) to model future expansion of those arboviruses in Brazil based on future temperature projections.
The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods norma... more The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods normally used have shown themselves to be insufficient to keep the indices of infestation of Aedes aegypti under control. Recently, beyond the large number of cases and deaths associated with dengue, new risks have arisen such as those represented by chikungunya fever and Zika. In the light of the great significance of these problems within the public health context, two areas in a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil were selected in 2014. One of them, Bairro Cidade Nova, was submitted to the conventional method of nebulization with portable equipment, and the other, Bairro Jardim Europa, received the application of the insecticide by means of heavy-equipment coupled to the vehicle. During the project, 1355 mosquito eggs were collected, 1105 of them in Bairro Cidade Nova and 205 in Bairro Jardim Europa. After the applications with heavy-equipment in the months of March and April, the number of cases of the disease reported in the month of April for Bairro Jardim Europa was less than half that of Bairro Cidade Nova, which had received the conventional treatment. The nebulization with the heavy-equipment may constitute a viable and effective strategy for achieving better results in the control of Ae. aegypti.
This paper explores geographic variability in relationships between the average dengue incidence ... more This paper explores geographic variability in relationships between the average dengue incidence at São Paulo state municipalities for 2000 to 2014. By linking dengue incidence to socioeconomic, environmental and climatological data, is possible to develop a more detailed picture of dengue incidence and creates a model for future prediction. Analysis is approached through spatial analysis using geographically weighted regression (GWR), which enables the investigation of local variations in incidence patterns. The results demonstrate that the variables that are traditionally assumed to affect dengue incidence, do not do so uniformly over space. Our findings present a starting point for a more detailed investigation as to why this heterogeneity exists, how each variable affects dengue incidence and a step further towards prediction models.
The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is res... more The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is responsible for one of the main problems of global public health, because it is estimated that over 80 million people are infected by it every year. In Brazil there are reports that dengue fever epidemics have been present from the beginning of the twentieth century. However, the first dengue fever outbreak documented in the country occurred in 1982. From that point on, the Brazilian territory has been plagued by several of these epidemics. Among the various attempts to elucidate the factors that influence the dynamics of the transmission of dengue fever, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reorganized, in 2002, the National Plan to Combat Dengue Fever and instituted a normative procedure by which the areas affected by this epidemic should be mapped. The use of geographical information systems is a powerful tool for the spatial analysis of risk; by this means the spatial distribution of the ev...
Background Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annuall... more Background Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is anthropophilic mosquito, extremely well adapted to the urban environment and utilizes varied habitats for egg-laying and development. This study analysed the distribution of mosquito larvae and eggs in urban area of Santa Bárbara dʼOeste, São Paulo, Brazil. The spatial correlation between locations in which people store recyclable materials and the distribution of larvae and eggs were verified. Methods Larvae and ovitrap egg collections were conducted from 2014 to 2016. All persons who stored recyclable materials for living were registered and georeferenced. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify spatial and temporal trends in the number of eggs and larvae/pupae. Euclidian distance map was constructed to correlate recyclable collectors and Ae. aegypti, and Moranʼs index was employed to verify their spatial autocorrelation and i...
Estudos Geográficos: Revista Eletrônica de Geografia, 2018
No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em pro... more No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP’s, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP’s. Através da utilização de geotecnologias tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que, nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, a legislação ambiental não ...
We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval hab... more We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, the presence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors. Data on larval habitats were collected in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and temporal variations were analysed using a wavelet-based approach. We quantified urban heat islands by calculating surface temperatures using the results of wavelet analyses and grey level transformation from Thematic Mapper images (Landsat 5). Ae. aegypti larval habitats were geo-referenced corresponding to the wavelet analyses to test the potential association between geographical distribution of habitats and surface temperature. In an inhomogeneous spatial point process, we estimated the frequency of occurrence of larval habitats in relation to temperature. The São Paulo State Social Vulnerability Index in the municipality of Santa Barbára d'Oeste was used to test ...
The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods norma... more The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods normally used have shown themselves to be insufficient to keep the indices of infestation of Aedes aegypti under control. Recently, beyond the large number of cases and deaths associated with dengue, new risks have arisen such as those represented by chikungunya fever and Zika. In the light of the great significance of these problems within the public health context, two areas in a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil were selected in 2014. One of them, Bairro Cidade Nova, was submitted to the conventional method of nebulization with portable equipment, and the other, Bairro Jardim Europa, received the application of the insecticide by means of heavy-equipment coupled to the vehicle. During the project, 1355 mosquito eggs were collected, 1105 of them in Bairro Cidade Nova and 205 in Bairro Jardim Europa. After the applications with heavy-equipment in the months of Ma...
A presente pesquisa analisa a aplicação das técnicas de origem multifractal para semestres chuvos... more A presente pesquisa analisa a aplicação das técnicas de origem multifractal para semestres chuvosos e secos em anos-padrão, considerados respectivamente chuvoso, habitual e seco, na região do médio e baixo curso da bacia do rio Tietê e no setor paulista da bacia do rio Paranapanema. Seguindo esta premissa, na área das bacias hidrográficas em questão, foi realizada uma análise espacial das chuvas por meio da construção de mapas de distribuição dos valores de dimensão fractal das precipitações, para os limiares de 0,1, 10, 20 e 40 milímetros. A dimensão multifractal mostrou-se compatível com o índice de participação obtido em outros estudos, podendo gerar indicadores numérico coerentes com o ritmo pluviométrico e a dinâmica das chuvas nestas áreas.
We evaluated the structural and floristic characteristics of a Brazilian savanna fragment occupie... more We evaluated the structural and floristic characteristics of a Brazilian savanna fragment occupied by cerradão (CD) and cerrado sensu stricto (CS) in response to the influence of rainfall and long-term fire suppression. We carried out floristic, phytosociological and remote sensing studies in a cerrado fragment located in Corumbataí (SP, Brazil) after 43 years of complete fire suppression. We surveyed 43 plots of 200 m2 each (17 plots in CS and 26 plots in CD) and all individuals ≥ 0.32 cm diameter measured at 30 cm from the ground were included in the sample. We calculated phytosociological parameters for each species and classified them in three ecological groups, namely savanna, generalist and forest species. The remote sensing analysis used aerial photographs and satellite images from 1962 to 2019 (i.e. 59 years). The structural study of community revealed high predominance of forest and generalist species when compared to savanna species. Non-linear correlation between CD expan...
Atualmente, as pesquisas sobre as tempestades severas e seus impactos são relevantes, pois altera... more Atualmente, as pesquisas sobre as tempestades severas e seus impactos são relevantes, pois alteram a or-ganização espacial. Tais fenômenos atmosféricos são difíceis de prever, pois para conhecer a sua gênese, é necessária a associação de diversos parâmetros meteorológicos que induzem a sistema potencialmente devastador. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os sistemas atmosféricos que atuaram no Estado de São Paulo e identificar os impactos ambientais de um episódio de tempestade severa.
Background: Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annual... more Background: Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is anthropophilic mosquito, extremely well adapted to the urban environment and utilizes varied habitats for egg-laying and development. This study analysed the distribution of mosquito larvae and eggs in urban area of Santa Bárbara dʼOeste, São Paulo, Brazil. The spatial correlation between locations in which people store recyclable materials and the distribution of larvae and eggs were verified. Methods: Larvae and ovitrap egg collections were conducted from 2014 to 2016. All persons who stored recyclable materials for living were registered and georeferenced. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify spatial and temporal trends in the number of eggs and larvae/pupae. Euclidian distance map was constructed to correlate recyclable collectors and Ae. aegypti, and Moranʼs index was employed to verify their spatial autocorrelation and identification of groupings. Results: A total of 137,825 eggs and 16,393 larvae were collected in different habitats from 2014 to 2016. The analyses showed that there was a spatial correlation between larvae and eggs collected, and these two kinds of surveys also presented a spatial correlation with the handling of recyclable materials. The results of the analyses showed significant spatial correlations between eggs and recyclable material collectors and between larvae and collectors. Conclusion: The entomological surveillance conducted using ovitraps as a proxy for the presence of Ae. aegypti is an efficient and sensitive method for monitoring the presence of mosquitoes and the impact of interventions employed for decreasing vector populations. Mosquito surveys employing ovitraps should be used more often in routine activities aiming to control dengue through vector control interventions. The locations used to store recyclable materials have a significant relationship with the maintenance of the dengue virus infection in the area. Further studies will be needed to analyse the contribution of recyclable locations, for which there is no ideal infrastructure to minimize the potential use of these materials as mosquito habitats. The entomological surveillance focused on locations of recycla-ble materials involving interventions that are different from those commonly used in Ae. aegypti control.
This article aims to perform an analysis of episodic characteristics of the spatial repercussions... more This article aims to perform an analysis of episodic characteristics of the spatial repercussions of the hail storm that occurred in the autumn of 2016, in the urban area of Rio Claro (SP). Through the radar images were examined the genesis, the evolution and the spatial temporal dissipation of the phenomenon. In this context, it was sought to highlight the atmospheric systems operating in the week of hail precipitation episode, occurred on the night of June 1th 2016. To analyze the socioeconomic impacts generated by hail rain, was used information provided by the Civil Defense. The use of statistical techniques, it was possible to verify the correlation between the occurrences recorded by Civil Defense, the social vulnerability aspect in the most affected areas and the type of cover used in the roofs of the dwellings. RESUMO / RESUMEN TEMPESTADE DE GRANIZO E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES GEOGRÁFICAS NO INTERIOR PAULISTA Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os eventos extremos de chuva de granizo e as repercussões espaciais desse fenômeno na área urbana da cidade de Rio Claro (SP). Usando as imagens de radar, foram examinadas a gênese, a evolução e a dissipação espaço-temporal do fenômeno, e nesse contexto, buscou-se destacar os sistemas atmosféricos atuantes na noite de 1º de junho de 2016. Para analisar os impactos socioeconômicos gerados foram utilizadas informações das ocorrências registradas pela Defesa Civil. A utilização de técnicas geoestatísticas possibilitou verificar a correlação entre as ocorrências registradas pela Defesa Civil, a vulnerabilidade social nas áreas mais atingidas e o tipo de material construtivo utilizado nos telhados das moradias. Palavras-chave: Granizo; Técnicas Geoestatísticas; Defesa Civil; Vulnerabilidade social. TORMENTA DE GRANIZO Y SUS REPERCUSIONES GEOGRÁFICAS EN EL INTERIOR DEL ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO Este artículo pretende realizar un análisis de carácter episódico del impacto espacial del la lluvia de granizo, que ocurrió en el otoño de 2016, el área urbana de Rio Claro (SP). Por medio de las imágenes de radar se examinaron la génesis, la evolución y la disipación espacial del fenómeno, y en este contexto, se resaltó los sistemas atmosféricos más actuantes en la semana de lo episodio de precipitación de granizo, que ocorrió en la noche del 1 de junio 2016. Para el análisis de los impactos socio-económicos causados por el granizo, se utiliza la información proporcionada por la Defensa Civil y los medios de comunicación impresos. Con el uso de técnicas estadísticas, fue posible verificar la correlación entre las ocurrencias registradas por la Defensa Civil, el aspecto de la vulnerabilidad social en las áreas más afectadas y el tipo de cobertura utilizada en los tejados de las viviendas.
We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval hab... more We addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, the presence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors. Data on larval habitats were collected in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and temporal variations were analysed using a wavelet-based approach. We quantified urban heat islands by calculating surface temperatures using the results of wavelet analyses and grey level transformation from Thematic Mapper images (Landsat 5). Ae. aegypti larval habitats were geo-referenced corresponding to the wavelet analyses to test the potential association between geographical distribution of habitats and surface temperature. In an inhomogeneous spatial point process, we estimated the frequency of occurrence of larval habitats in relation to temperature. The São Paulo State Social Vulnerability Index in the municipality of Santa Barbára d'Oeste was used to test the potential association between presence of larval habitats and social vulnerability. We found abundant Ae. aegypti larval habitats in areas of higher surface temperature and social vulnerability and fewer larval habitats in areas with lower surface temperature and social vulnerability.
No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em pro... more No Brasil, a estratégia governamental para garantir o uso sustentado dos recursos naturais em propriedades privadas está baseada na adoção de medidas de comando e controle estabelecidas pelo Código Florestal, sob a forma de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP). Considerando esta premissa, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar se, com o cumprimento da legislação ambiental brasileira estabelecida no Código Florestal, com referência as APP’s, é possível restabelecer a conectividade estrutural da paisagem, tomando como exemplo a bacia do córrego das Posses, localizada no município de Extrema-MG. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foi embasada no estabelecimento de critérios que fundamentaram a localização das áreas prioritárias de APP’s. Através da utilização de geotecnologias, tais critérios foram espacializados, originando cenários que mostram o grau de degradação da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente a legislação ambiental não está sendo cumprida. Entretanto, para a bacia das Posses, a regularização das propriedades com relação ao Código Florestal não é suficiente para manter a conectividade da paisagem, pois ainda assim a área de matas não atinge o limite mínimo exigido para que a mesma percole.
The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is res... more The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is responsible for one of the main problems of global public health, because it is estimated that over 80 million people are infected by it every year. In Brazil there are reports that dengue fever epidemics have been present from the beginning of the twentieth century. However, the first dengue fever outbreak documented in the country occurred in 1982. From that point on, the Brazilian territory has been plagued by several of these epidemics. Among the various attempts to elucidate the factors that influence the dynamics of the transmission of dengue fever, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reorganized, in 2002, the National Plan to Combat Dengue Fever and instituted a normative procedure by which the areas affected by this epidemic should be mapped. The use of geographical information systems is a powerful tool for the spatial analysis of risk; by this means the spatial distribution of the event can be described and associations between an event and its determinants can be observed. Based on these assumptions this study aims to determine the geospatial patterns of dengue fever outbreaks in São Paulo State, Brazil. This region has been seriously affected by successive epidemics during the last 15 years. We have used conventional and spatial analytical tools (geostatistics analysis) to discern the patterns of the epidemic scenarios. Results showed that dengue fever outbreaks have affected two principal areas of risk: one located in the northwest and the other in the central-south portion of the São Paulo State.
Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosys-tems... more Brazil is a tropical country that is largely covered by rainforests and other natural ecosys-tems, which provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses. However, few analyses have examined the associations between environmental factors and arboviral dis-eases. Thus, based on the hypothesis of correlation between environment and epidemiol-ogy, the proposals of this study were (1) to obtain the probability of occurrence of Oropouche, Mayaro, Saint Louis and Rocio fevers in Brazil based on environmental condi-tions corresponding to the periods of occurrence of the outbreaks; (2) to describe the macro-climatic scenario in Brazil in the last 50 years, evaluating if there was any detectable tendency to increase temperatures and (3) to model future expansion of those arboviruses in Brazil based on future temperature projections.
The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods norma... more The control of dengue constitutes a great challenge for public health; however, the methods normally used have shown themselves to be insufficient to keep the indices of infestation of Aedes aegypti under control. Recently, beyond the large number of cases and deaths associated with dengue, new risks have arisen such as those represented by chikungunya fever and Zika. In the light of the great significance of these problems within the public health context, two areas in a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil were selected in 2014. One of them, Bairro Cidade Nova, was submitted to the conventional method of nebulization with portable equipment, and the other, Bairro Jardim Europa, received the application of the insecticide by means of heavy-equipment coupled to the vehicle. During the project, 1355 mosquito eggs were collected, 1105 of them in Bairro Cidade Nova and 205 in Bairro Jardim Europa. After the applications with heavy-equipment in the months of March and April, the number of cases of the disease reported in the month of April for Bairro Jardim Europa was less than half that of Bairro Cidade Nova, which had received the conventional treatment. The nebulization with the heavy-equipment may constitute a viable and effective strategy for achieving better results in the control of Ae. aegypti.
This paper explores geographic variability in relationships between the average dengue incidence ... more This paper explores geographic variability in relationships between the average dengue incidence at São Paulo state municipalities for 2000 to 2014. By linking dengue incidence to socioeconomic, environmental and climatological data, is possible to develop a more detailed picture of dengue incidence and creates a model for future prediction. Analysis is approached through spatial analysis using geographically weighted regression (GWR), which enables the investigation of local variations in incidence patterns. The results demonstrate that the variables that are traditionally assumed to affect dengue incidence, do not do so uniformly over space. Our findings present a starting point for a more detailed investigation as to why this heterogeneity exists, how each variable affects dengue incidence and a step further towards prediction models.
Uploads
Papers by Thiago Azevedo