What are the vital conditions for health and well-being? And how do they fit with the social dete... more What are the vital conditions for health and well-being? And how do they fit with the social determinants of health? This paper explains the vital conditions framework, its genesis, and how organizing around the vital conditions moves the social determinants agenda into wider action.
Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) objectives call for a 38% reduction in the prevalence of diagnosed ... more Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) objectives call for a 38% reduction in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2, by the year 2010. The process for setting this objective, however, did not focus on the achievability or the compatibility of this objective with other ...
... Participant Exercises Chris Benjamin, CDC and Andrew Jones, SI For AEA CXB5@cdc.gov and apjon... more ... Participant Exercises Chris Benjamin, CDC and Andrew Jones, SI For AEA CXB5@cdc.gov and apjones@sustainer.org Based on Modeling and Research by Jack Homer, Andrew Jones,Joyce Essien, Bobby Milstein, Dara Murphy, and Don Seville ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ... more The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Women and Infants Demonstration Projects underway in 8 US cities use behavioral theory to guide the design and evaluation of community-based interventions. The first collaborative project is using street-based interventions and the diffusion of preventive messages through womens social networks to reduce HIV transmission and unplanned pregnancy among high-risk women; the second seeks to influence reproductive decision making through peer advocacy and the placement of preventive services in facilities women attend for other needs (e.g. homeless shelters drug treatment centers). Both projects are informed by the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (also known as Stages of Change) which views risk reduction as a gradual continuous dynamic process. Structured interviews were conducted with 238 women from 7 of the 8 project sites to assess the applicability of this model to contracep...
The infusion of evaluation activity brought about by the American Cancer Society Collaborative Ev... more The infusion of evaluation activity brought about by the American Cancer Society Collaborative Evaluation Fellows Project (CEFP) is a remarkable contribution to cancer prevention and control. Many lessons learned from the CEFP process are potentially beneficial not only to the American Cancer Society, but also to other organizations that seek to draw upon the success this project. One lesson for organizations that care about effectiveness and accountability is that, when outcomes matter, investments in evaluation become essential. By viewing evaluation in its larger context within the American Cancer Society, the CEFP delivers more value than the sum of findings from its individual studies. Especially pronounced are the contributions of the CEFP toward promoting organizational learning, generating useful products, and forming collaborative partnership--all of which are requirements for building an effective and sustainable evaluation system.
A system dynamics simulation model was developed for understanding trends in obesity in the Unite... more A system dynamics simulation model was developed for understanding trends in obesity in the United States. Data on population body weight from 1971-2002 were combined with information from nutritional science and demography into a single analytic ...
Descriptions of reproductive and sexual behavior were obtained from interviews with a convenience... more Descriptions of reproductive and sexual behavior were obtained from interviews with a convenience sample of women at risk of HIV infection or transmission to assess whether the processes of change (POC) constructs from the Transtheoretical Model apply to women's explanations of condom behavior change. Participants were recruited from public housing, drug treatment centers, homeless shelters, and other sources. Interviews with 45 women were selected for analysis based on criteria of condom behavior change and narrative richness. In phase I, POC constructs were identified in women's statements regarding condom behavior change, using an a priori coding scheme. In phase II, text passages for each POC were examined for the range of topics addressed and the POC's perceived function in condom use adoption. Results show that each POC was identified at least once and that all respondents made statements that matched at least two POCs. Only 4 percent of 400 text segments did not fit a POC category. POC constructs appear to be integral components of the strategies women in this study used to progress toward consistent condom use with male partners. Interventions that promote condom use may be strengthened by using POC constructs as a basis for service delivery.
... Emma Sanchez, San Francisco State University; Katy Turner, CDC Public Health Prevention Speci... more ... Emma Sanchez, San Francisco State University; Katy Turner, CDC Public Health Prevention Specialist, San Francisco; Jami Fraze, National Center ... developed to guide staff members and partners in eval uating basic public health functions, including surveil lance,8 workforce ...
Health planners in Austin, Texas, are using a System Dynamics Model of Cardiovascular Disease Ris... more Health planners in Austin, Texas, are using a System Dynamics Model of Cardiovascular Disease Risks (SD model) to align prevention efforts and maximize the effect of limited resources. The SD model was developed using available evidence of disease prevalence, risk factors, local contextual factors, resulting health conditions, and their impact on population health. Given an interest in understanding opportunities for upstream health protection, the SD model focused on the portion of the population that has never had a cardiovascular event. Leaders in Austin used this interactive simulation model as a catalyst for convening diverse stakeholders in thinking about their strategic directions and policy priorities. Health officials shared insights from the model with a range of organizations in an effort to align actions and leverage assets in the community to promote healthier conditions for all. This article summarizes the results from several simulated intervention scenarios focusing ...
What are the vital conditions for health and well-being? And how do they fit with the social dete... more What are the vital conditions for health and well-being? And how do they fit with the social determinants of health? This paper explains the vital conditions framework, its genesis, and how organizing around the vital conditions moves the social determinants agenda into wider action.
Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) objectives call for a 38% reduction in the prevalence of diagnosed ... more Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010) objectives call for a 38% reduction in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, type 1 and type 2, by the year 2010. The process for setting this objective, however, did not focus on the achievability or the compatibility of this objective with other ...
... Participant Exercises Chris Benjamin, CDC and Andrew Jones, SI For AEA CXB5@cdc.gov and apjon... more ... Participant Exercises Chris Benjamin, CDC and Andrew Jones, SI For AEA CXB5@cdc.gov and apjones@sustainer.org Based on Modeling and Research by Jack Homer, Andrew Jones,Joyce Essien, Bobby Milstein, Dara Murphy, and Don Seville ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ... more The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Women and Infants Demonstration Projects underway in 8 US cities use behavioral theory to guide the design and evaluation of community-based interventions. The first collaborative project is using street-based interventions and the diffusion of preventive messages through womens social networks to reduce HIV transmission and unplanned pregnancy among high-risk women; the second seeks to influence reproductive decision making through peer advocacy and the placement of preventive services in facilities women attend for other needs (e.g. homeless shelters drug treatment centers). Both projects are informed by the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (also known as Stages of Change) which views risk reduction as a gradual continuous dynamic process. Structured interviews were conducted with 238 women from 7 of the 8 project sites to assess the applicability of this model to contracep...
The infusion of evaluation activity brought about by the American Cancer Society Collaborative Ev... more The infusion of evaluation activity brought about by the American Cancer Society Collaborative Evaluation Fellows Project (CEFP) is a remarkable contribution to cancer prevention and control. Many lessons learned from the CEFP process are potentially beneficial not only to the American Cancer Society, but also to other organizations that seek to draw upon the success this project. One lesson for organizations that care about effectiveness and accountability is that, when outcomes matter, investments in evaluation become essential. By viewing evaluation in its larger context within the American Cancer Society, the CEFP delivers more value than the sum of findings from its individual studies. Especially pronounced are the contributions of the CEFP toward promoting organizational learning, generating useful products, and forming collaborative partnership--all of which are requirements for building an effective and sustainable evaluation system.
A system dynamics simulation model was developed for understanding trends in obesity in the Unite... more A system dynamics simulation model was developed for understanding trends in obesity in the United States. Data on population body weight from 1971-2002 were combined with information from nutritional science and demography into a single analytic ...
Descriptions of reproductive and sexual behavior were obtained from interviews with a convenience... more Descriptions of reproductive and sexual behavior were obtained from interviews with a convenience sample of women at risk of HIV infection or transmission to assess whether the processes of change (POC) constructs from the Transtheoretical Model apply to women's explanations of condom behavior change. Participants were recruited from public housing, drug treatment centers, homeless shelters, and other sources. Interviews with 45 women were selected for analysis based on criteria of condom behavior change and narrative richness. In phase I, POC constructs were identified in women's statements regarding condom behavior change, using an a priori coding scheme. In phase II, text passages for each POC were examined for the range of topics addressed and the POC's perceived function in condom use adoption. Results show that each POC was identified at least once and that all respondents made statements that matched at least two POCs. Only 4 percent of 400 text segments did not fit a POC category. POC constructs appear to be integral components of the strategies women in this study used to progress toward consistent condom use with male partners. Interventions that promote condom use may be strengthened by using POC constructs as a basis for service delivery.
... Emma Sanchez, San Francisco State University; Katy Turner, CDC Public Health Prevention Speci... more ... Emma Sanchez, San Francisco State University; Katy Turner, CDC Public Health Prevention Specialist, San Francisco; Jami Fraze, National Center ... developed to guide staff members and partners in eval uating basic public health functions, including surveil lance,8 workforce ...
Health planners in Austin, Texas, are using a System Dynamics Model of Cardiovascular Disease Ris... more Health planners in Austin, Texas, are using a System Dynamics Model of Cardiovascular Disease Risks (SD model) to align prevention efforts and maximize the effect of limited resources. The SD model was developed using available evidence of disease prevalence, risk factors, local contextual factors, resulting health conditions, and their impact on population health. Given an interest in understanding opportunities for upstream health protection, the SD model focused on the portion of the population that has never had a cardiovascular event. Leaders in Austin used this interactive simulation model as a catalyst for convening diverse stakeholders in thinking about their strategic directions and policy priorities. Health officials shared insights from the model with a range of organizations in an effort to align actions and leverage assets in the community to promote healthier conditions for all. This article summarizes the results from several simulated intervention scenarios focusing ...
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Papers by B. Milstein