Oro-antral perforation (OAP) could be misdiagnosed if the incidence and risk factors are unknown ... more Oro-antral perforation (OAP) could be misdiagnosed if the incidence and risk factors are unknown and its consequence could be worrisome. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of oro-antral perforations after teeth extraction. A retrospective study of forceps extracted upper posterior teeth over a ten-year period from September 2008 to November 2018 was done at our hospital in Nigeria. In univariate analysis, the predictors were age, gender, experience of surgeon, site of tooth, side of surgery, use of elevators while the outcome variable was oroantral perforations. Logistic regression was also done to determine the risk factors associated OAP. We used SPSS Version 17(SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) to perform descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the total 26,372 dental extractions during the ten-year period, 54 (0.2%) extraction cases (33 males, 21 females) had oro-antral perforations. Their ...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008
The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effect of using a rubber drain o... more The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effect of using a rubber drain on postoperative pain, swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery. Of 100 patients with impacted lower third molars referred for surgical extraction, there were 40 males and 60 females, aged 18-40 years (mean=26+/-6.2SD). The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In the experimental group, a Penrose rubber drain was inserted into the extraction socket near the buccal fold after surgery and left for 72 h. The control group was selected using the same criteria and treated under the same surgical protocol as the experimental group, but without use of a rubber drain. Pain, swelling and trismus were evaluated at 24h, 72 h and 5 days postoperatively in both groups. The results of the study indicate that the use of a rubber drain reduces postoperative discomfort in the form of swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery, but seems to have no effect on pain.
Research & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences, 2016
Background: Complications can occur after treatment of mandibular fracture that may require a new... more Background: Complications can occur after treatment of mandibular fracture that may require a new surgical treatment; only few studies have evaluated retreatment. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and the types of treatment done in patients requiring retreatment of mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: A seven-year retrospective study was done at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the study institution. Patients’ data were collected from the hospital records and entered into a pro-forma questionnaire. Results: Overall, 1,373 patients with 1,589 fractures were evaluated, and 39/1589 fractures (2.5%) were retreated due to non- union (n=35, 2.2%) and mal-union (n=4, 0.3%). There were 30 (88.2%) males and 4 (11.8%) females with male to female ratio of 7.5:1. The age of the patients ranged from 26 to 57 years with a mean age of 41.3 ± 4.3 years. Majority (n=27/34, 79.3%) of the patients were in the 4th and 5th decades of life (p=0.001). The premature disruptio...
Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences, 2021
Background: Few studies are reported in the literature about the prevalence of disarticulation re... more Background: Few studies are reported in the literature about the prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandible, but little is known about the risk factors. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of disarticulation resection of the mandible. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study design for patients that had surgical resections of the mandible from January 2010 to July 2020 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Collected data from the patients' case-notes were age, gender, level of education, place of residence, occupation, employment status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, type of lesion, and type of resection performed. In the univariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used for analysis, while the binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. All statistics were performed with SPSS version 21 (IBM Corps, Armonk, New York, USA). A value of P < 0.05 ...
A 13-year-old boy presented with a one-week history of a painless swelling, which was located at ... more A 13-year-old boy presented with a one-week history of a painless swelling, which was located at the angle of the left mandible. Extra-oral radiographs showed a well-circumscribed radiolucent lesion encompassing an unerupted developing tooth 38 and involving teeth 36 and 37. There was blood tinged fluid aspirate from the lesion. An initial clinical diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst was made and the lesion was marsupialised with the mobile teeth 36 and 37 extracted. The teeth with their periradicular tissues and the cystic lining were sent for histopathologic evaluation. Histology showed that the periradicular tissues appear to be infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells, which were predominantly lymphocytes. This confirmed the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. However, the lesion continued to increase in size. An excisional biopsy was carried out and a second histological evaluation diagnosed it to be Burkitt’s lymphoma. This case report emphasises the need to be cautious when managing ...
Background: Although the maxillofacial region is very rich in blood supply, surgical wounds in th... more Background: Although the maxillofacial region is very rich in blood supply, surgical wounds in this region are also prone to infection, if good aseptic techniques are not strictly followed. There is a need to evaluate healing of surgical wound following the removal of wound dressing at different days postoperative in the maxillofacial region. This paper describes and compares healing in terms day of exposing a clean surgical wound. Objective: To evaluate healing of surgical wound following the removal of wound dressing at different days postoperative in the maxillofacial region. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients who met inclusion criteria, admitted for surgeries in maxillofacial regions were randomly grouped into one of the five surgical dressing options. ASEPSIS wound scoring system was used for the study. All patients were monitored for a period of 7 days when wound healing and suture removal is expected to take place uneventfully. Chi-square, Fisher′s exact, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no difference in healing between males and females (χ[2] = 2.832, df = 4, P = 0.586). There was no significant difference in healing within the different days of exposure of the wound (χ[2] = 8.479, df = 4, P = 0.076). Conclusion: Early exposure of surgically clean wounds does not impair healing.
ABSTRACT AimTo clinically determine the efficacy of tincture of benzoin compound in the treatment... more ABSTRACT AimTo clinically determine the efficacy of tincture of benzoin compound in the treatment and prevention of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) following surgical disimpaction of mesio-angularly impacted mandibular third molars. Patients and methodsThis is a 6-year prospective study of 232 patients with mesio-angularly impacted mandibular third molars requiring dental extractions at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The subjects were recruited into two different groups, A (control) and B (tincture of benzoin compound), by simple random sampling. ResultsIn Groups A and B, 16 (13.8%) and 3 (2.6%) of the subjects, respectively, developed alveolar osteitis. There were more males (n = 123, 53.0%) than females (n = 109, 47.0%) in the two groups, with male-to-female ratio of 3:1. There were more subjects (n = 11, 68.7%) between 25–44 years in Group A, with a mean age of 31.5 years, than in Group B, with a mean age of 28.3 years. The most common reason for extraction was dental caries and its sequelae (n = 121, 52.1%). Conclusion This study suggests that the tincture of benzoin compound is beneficial and safe in the treatment and prevention of alveolar osteitis.
Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2014
There is evidence that self-medication practices among dental patients with toothache are common,... more There is evidence that self-medication practices among dental patients with toothache are common, and despite the adverse clinical consequences, there is a paucity of literature on it, and only few programs are available for its control. The aim was to assess the self-medication practices among adult dental patients suffering from toothache. An instrument adapted from modified form of 117-item self-report questionnaire based on world Health Organization guidelines for students' substance use survey and open-ended questionnaire was administered to adult patients attending the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of this Health Institution for a period of 6 months. The results show that 80.6% (287/356) subjects indulged in self-medication practices. Majority of the patients 42.9% (123/287) were in the 2-4(th) decades of life, whereas the male: female ratio was 1.3:1. The most commonly abused medications/substance was analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (243/287; 24....
AIM To compare the use of the 810nm diode laser with conventional surgery in the management of so... more AIM To compare the use of the 810nm diode laser with conventional surgery in the management of soft tissue mucogingival problems associated with orthodontic treatment. METHODS Orthodontic patients requiring different soft tissue surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive conventional surgery or soft tissue diode laser, (wavelength 810 nm). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parameters documented include the type of anaesthesia used, intra and post operative pain, bleeding, the use of scalpel and sutures. The chi-squared test was used to test for significance at 95% confidence level. Probability values (p-values) less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. RESULTS Only 2(16.7%) of the procedures carried out with the soft tissue laser required infiltration anaesthesia compared to 10 (90.9%) with conventional surgery and this was significant (P<0.001). Post operative pain was significantly reduced in all cases treated with the diode laser (P<0.001). There was also a significant di...
The objective of this study was to establish the reason(s) why patients suffering from common den... more The objective of this study was to establish the reason(s) why patients suffering from common dental diseases like dental caries and periodontal disease present late in our centre. An open- ended questionnaire was administered to subjects attending the Dental Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital for a period of 6 months. Majority of the subjects (n=132, 31.5%) were in their third decade of life and the mean age was 33 ± 4.2 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.5, and there was no gender difference with respect to age (p=0.374). Majority (n=249, 59.5%) were in the lower socio-economic class. Those who felt the symptoms will resolve on its own (32.8%), trying other medications (23.7%) and financial constraints (10.7%) were the major reasons for presenting late. There is need to strengthen the continuing oral health education programme, and the establishment of more dental clinics in this environment. Keywords: Reasons, Failure, Early dental treatment, Tertiary hosp...
Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2014
Oral lesions are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The main factor... more Oral lesions are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The main factor associated with the development of oral lesions is damage to the immune system, specifically loss of CD4+ lymphocytes, which are involved in cell-mediated immunity. This study was aimed to determine the association of oral lesions in HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome women patients with the level of immune suppression as measured by the CD4+ counts. This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a study population of 191 consecutive female patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution of study and informed consent was given by every participant. HIV sero-status was determined for all patients. CD4+ count was analyzed for both the HIV+ and HIV- women with oral lesions. The relationships between oral lesions and CD4+ cell count were investigated. About 56.0% (107/191) of the 191 women studied were HIV posi...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011
Using a disposable syringe to feed 1–14-week-old babies with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was studi... more Using a disposable syringe to feed 1–14-week-old babies with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was studied. 57 CLP babies were randomly divided into: syringe-fed (intervention) and cup-and-spoon-fed groups and compared with 55 normal breast- or bottle-fed babies. Differences in weight gained from birth to 6, 10 and 14 weeks were compared. Syringe-fed CLP babies fed breast milk had a significant
African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2011
This article reports 3 cases of melanin pigmented lesions among 75 histologically diagnosed perir... more This article reports 3 cases of melanin pigmented lesions among 75 histologically diagnosed periradicular lesions of extracted teeth. Case 1 was a 25-year old male who presented with one week history of toothache involving a tender carious left mandibular second molar tooth (37), with periapical radiolucency and diagnosed clinically as acute apical periodontitis. The lesion was diagnosed histologically (using Haematoxylin and Eosin) as periapical granuloma, while histochemical examination (using Masson-Fontana technique) showed the presence of round/oval shaped melanin pigmented macrophages (melanophage) in the lesion. Case 2 was a 54-year old male with one week history of toothache associated with tender carious right maxillary first molar tooth (16) with periapical radiolucency. A clinical diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis was made, but histological and histochemical examination showed a melanin pigmented periapical granuloma with spindle shaped melanophage. Case 3 was a 28-...
Oro-antral perforation (OAP) could be misdiagnosed if the incidence and risk factors are unknown ... more Oro-antral perforation (OAP) could be misdiagnosed if the incidence and risk factors are unknown and its consequence could be worrisome. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of oro-antral perforations after teeth extraction. A retrospective study of forceps extracted upper posterior teeth over a ten-year period from September 2008 to November 2018 was done at our hospital in Nigeria. In univariate analysis, the predictors were age, gender, experience of surgeon, site of tooth, side of surgery, use of elevators while the outcome variable was oroantral perforations. Logistic regression was also done to determine the risk factors associated OAP. We used SPSS Version 17(SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) to perform descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the total 26,372 dental extractions during the ten-year period, 54 (0.2%) extraction cases (33 males, 21 females) had oro-antral perforations. Their ...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008
The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effect of using a rubber drain o... more The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effect of using a rubber drain on postoperative pain, swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery. Of 100 patients with impacted lower third molars referred for surgical extraction, there were 40 males and 60 females, aged 18-40 years (mean=26+/-6.2SD). The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In the experimental group, a Penrose rubber drain was inserted into the extraction socket near the buccal fold after surgery and left for 72 h. The control group was selected using the same criteria and treated under the same surgical protocol as the experimental group, but without use of a rubber drain. Pain, swelling and trismus were evaluated at 24h, 72 h and 5 days postoperatively in both groups. The results of the study indicate that the use of a rubber drain reduces postoperative discomfort in the form of swelling and trismus after lower third molar surgery, but seems to have no effect on pain.
Research & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences, 2016
Background: Complications can occur after treatment of mandibular fracture that may require a new... more Background: Complications can occur after treatment of mandibular fracture that may require a new surgical treatment; only few studies have evaluated retreatment. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and the types of treatment done in patients requiring retreatment of mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods: A seven-year retrospective study was done at the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of the study institution. Patients’ data were collected from the hospital records and entered into a pro-forma questionnaire. Results: Overall, 1,373 patients with 1,589 fractures were evaluated, and 39/1589 fractures (2.5%) were retreated due to non- union (n=35, 2.2%) and mal-union (n=4, 0.3%). There were 30 (88.2%) males and 4 (11.8%) females with male to female ratio of 7.5:1. The age of the patients ranged from 26 to 57 years with a mean age of 41.3 ± 4.3 years. Majority (n=27/34, 79.3%) of the patients were in the 4th and 5th decades of life (p=0.001). The premature disruptio...
Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences, 2021
Background: Few studies are reported in the literature about the prevalence of disarticulation re... more Background: Few studies are reported in the literature about the prevalence of disarticulation resection of the mandible, but little is known about the risk factors. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of disarticulation resection of the mandible. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study design for patients that had surgical resections of the mandible from January 2010 to July 2020 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Collected data from the patients' case-notes were age, gender, level of education, place of residence, occupation, employment status, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, type of lesion, and type of resection performed. In the univariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used for analysis, while the binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. All statistics were performed with SPSS version 21 (IBM Corps, Armonk, New York, USA). A value of P < 0.05 ...
A 13-year-old boy presented with a one-week history of a painless swelling, which was located at ... more A 13-year-old boy presented with a one-week history of a painless swelling, which was located at the angle of the left mandible. Extra-oral radiographs showed a well-circumscribed radiolucent lesion encompassing an unerupted developing tooth 38 and involving teeth 36 and 37. There was blood tinged fluid aspirate from the lesion. An initial clinical diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst was made and the lesion was marsupialised with the mobile teeth 36 and 37 extracted. The teeth with their periradicular tissues and the cystic lining were sent for histopathologic evaluation. Histology showed that the periradicular tissues appear to be infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells, which were predominantly lymphocytes. This confirmed the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. However, the lesion continued to increase in size. An excisional biopsy was carried out and a second histological evaluation diagnosed it to be Burkitt’s lymphoma. This case report emphasises the need to be cautious when managing ...
Background: Although the maxillofacial region is very rich in blood supply, surgical wounds in th... more Background: Although the maxillofacial region is very rich in blood supply, surgical wounds in this region are also prone to infection, if good aseptic techniques are not strictly followed. There is a need to evaluate healing of surgical wound following the removal of wound dressing at different days postoperative in the maxillofacial region. This paper describes and compares healing in terms day of exposing a clean surgical wound. Objective: To evaluate healing of surgical wound following the removal of wound dressing at different days postoperative in the maxillofacial region. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients who met inclusion criteria, admitted for surgeries in maxillofacial regions were randomly grouped into one of the five surgical dressing options. ASEPSIS wound scoring system was used for the study. All patients were monitored for a period of 7 days when wound healing and suture removal is expected to take place uneventfully. Chi-square, Fisher′s exact, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no difference in healing between males and females (χ[2] = 2.832, df = 4, P = 0.586). There was no significant difference in healing within the different days of exposure of the wound (χ[2] = 8.479, df = 4, P = 0.076). Conclusion: Early exposure of surgically clean wounds does not impair healing.
ABSTRACT AimTo clinically determine the efficacy of tincture of benzoin compound in the treatment... more ABSTRACT AimTo clinically determine the efficacy of tincture of benzoin compound in the treatment and prevention of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) following surgical disimpaction of mesio-angularly impacted mandibular third molars. Patients and methodsThis is a 6-year prospective study of 232 patients with mesio-angularly impacted mandibular third molars requiring dental extractions at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The subjects were recruited into two different groups, A (control) and B (tincture of benzoin compound), by simple random sampling. ResultsIn Groups A and B, 16 (13.8%) and 3 (2.6%) of the subjects, respectively, developed alveolar osteitis. There were more males (n = 123, 53.0%) than females (n = 109, 47.0%) in the two groups, with male-to-female ratio of 3:1. There were more subjects (n = 11, 68.7%) between 25–44 years in Group A, with a mean age of 31.5 years, than in Group B, with a mean age of 28.3 years. The most common reason for extraction was dental caries and its sequelae (n = 121, 52.1%). Conclusion This study suggests that the tincture of benzoin compound is beneficial and safe in the treatment and prevention of alveolar osteitis.
Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2014
There is evidence that self-medication practices among dental patients with toothache are common,... more There is evidence that self-medication practices among dental patients with toothache are common, and despite the adverse clinical consequences, there is a paucity of literature on it, and only few programs are available for its control. The aim was to assess the self-medication practices among adult dental patients suffering from toothache. An instrument adapted from modified form of 117-item self-report questionnaire based on world Health Organization guidelines for students' substance use survey and open-ended questionnaire was administered to adult patients attending the Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of this Health Institution for a period of 6 months. The results show that 80.6% (287/356) subjects indulged in self-medication practices. Majority of the patients 42.9% (123/287) were in the 2-4(th) decades of life, whereas the male: female ratio was 1.3:1. The most commonly abused medications/substance was analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (243/287; 24....
AIM To compare the use of the 810nm diode laser with conventional surgery in the management of so... more AIM To compare the use of the 810nm diode laser with conventional surgery in the management of soft tissue mucogingival problems associated with orthodontic treatment. METHODS Orthodontic patients requiring different soft tissue surgical procedures were randomly assigned to receive conventional surgery or soft tissue diode laser, (wavelength 810 nm). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parameters documented include the type of anaesthesia used, intra and post operative pain, bleeding, the use of scalpel and sutures. The chi-squared test was used to test for significance at 95% confidence level. Probability values (p-values) less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. RESULTS Only 2(16.7%) of the procedures carried out with the soft tissue laser required infiltration anaesthesia compared to 10 (90.9%) with conventional surgery and this was significant (P<0.001). Post operative pain was significantly reduced in all cases treated with the diode laser (P<0.001). There was also a significant di...
The objective of this study was to establish the reason(s) why patients suffering from common den... more The objective of this study was to establish the reason(s) why patients suffering from common dental diseases like dental caries and periodontal disease present late in our centre. An open- ended questionnaire was administered to subjects attending the Dental Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital for a period of 6 months. Majority of the subjects (n=132, 31.5%) were in their third decade of life and the mean age was 33 ± 4.2 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.5, and there was no gender difference with respect to age (p=0.374). Majority (n=249, 59.5%) were in the lower socio-economic class. Those who felt the symptoms will resolve on its own (32.8%), trying other medications (23.7%) and financial constraints (10.7%) were the major reasons for presenting late. There is need to strengthen the continuing oral health education programme, and the establishment of more dental clinics in this environment. Keywords: Reasons, Failure, Early dental treatment, Tertiary hosp...
Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2014
Oral lesions are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The main factor... more Oral lesions are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The main factor associated with the development of oral lesions is damage to the immune system, specifically loss of CD4+ lymphocytes, which are involved in cell-mediated immunity. This study was aimed to determine the association of oral lesions in HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome women patients with the level of immune suppression as measured by the CD4+ counts. This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a study population of 191 consecutive female patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution of study and informed consent was given by every participant. HIV sero-status was determined for all patients. CD4+ count was analyzed for both the HIV+ and HIV- women with oral lesions. The relationships between oral lesions and CD4+ cell count were investigated. About 56.0% (107/191) of the 191 women studied were HIV posi...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011
Using a disposable syringe to feed 1–14-week-old babies with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was studi... more Using a disposable syringe to feed 1–14-week-old babies with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was studied. 57 CLP babies were randomly divided into: syringe-fed (intervention) and cup-and-spoon-fed groups and compared with 55 normal breast- or bottle-fed babies. Differences in weight gained from birth to 6, 10 and 14 weeks were compared. Syringe-fed CLP babies fed breast milk had a significant
African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2011
This article reports 3 cases of melanin pigmented lesions among 75 histologically diagnosed perir... more This article reports 3 cases of melanin pigmented lesions among 75 histologically diagnosed periradicular lesions of extracted teeth. Case 1 was a 25-year old male who presented with one week history of toothache involving a tender carious left mandibular second molar tooth (37), with periapical radiolucency and diagnosed clinically as acute apical periodontitis. The lesion was diagnosed histologically (using Haematoxylin and Eosin) as periapical granuloma, while histochemical examination (using Masson-Fontana technique) showed the presence of round/oval shaped melanin pigmented macrophages (melanophage) in the lesion. Case 2 was a 54-year old male with one week history of toothache associated with tender carious right maxillary first molar tooth (16) with periapical radiolucency. A clinical diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis was made, but histological and histochemical examination showed a melanin pigmented periapical granuloma with spindle shaped melanophage. Case 3 was a 28-...
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Papers by B. Saheeb