Olfaction, pheromones, animals as sniffers by Barbara A Sommerville
Awareness is defined here as a state in which complex brain analysis is used to process sensory s... more Awareness is defined here as a state in which complex brain analysis is used to process sensory stimuli or constructs based on memory. Awareness is described using five headings: unaware, perceptual awareness, cognitive awareness, assessment awareness and executive awareness.
Background: Cancer detection using sniffer dogs is a potential technology for clinical use and re... more Background: Cancer detection using sniffer dogs is a potential technology for clinical use and research. Our study sought to determine whether dogs could be trained to discriminate the odour of urine from men with prostate cancer from controls, using rigorous testing procedures and well-defined samples from a major research hospital.
Papers by Barbara A Sommerville
The Journal of experimental biology, 1973
BMC Urology, 2014
Background Cancer detection using sniffer dogs is a potential technology for clinical use and res... more Background Cancer detection using sniffer dogs is a potential technology for clinical use and research. Our study sought to determine whether dogs could be trained to discriminate the odour of urine from men with prostate cancer from controls, using rigorous testing procedures and well-defined samples from a major research hospital. Methods We attempted to train ten dogs by initially rewarding them for finding and indicating individual prostate cancer urine samples (Stage 1). If dogs were successful in Stage 1, we then attempted to train them to discriminate prostate cancer samples from controls (Stage 2). The number of samples used to train each dog varied depending on their individual progress. Overall, 50 unique prostate cancer and 67 controls were collected and used during training. Dogs that passed Stage 2 were tested for their ability to discriminate 15 (Test 1) or 16 (Tests 2 and 3) unfamiliar prostate cancer samples from 45 (Test 1) or 48 (Tests 2 and 3) unfamiliar controls ...
Key considerations for the experimental training and evaluation of cancer odour detection dogs: i... more Key considerations for the experimental training and evaluation of cancer odour detection dogs: illustrates that these rigorous tests are vital to avoid drawing misleading conclusions about the abilities of dogs to Elliker et al. BMC Urology 2014, 14:22
1. The rate of heart beat increased with temperature and was three times as high in the active as... more 1. The rate of heart beat increased with temperature and was three times as high in the active as in the inactive animal. 2. The rate of shell valve movement rose and the rate of heart beat fell when the foot was extended. 3. The rates of heart beat and shell valve movement decreased when the water was saturated with carbon dioxide. This heart response remained when the visceral ganglion was destroyed. 4. Ventricular contraction occurred simultaneously over the whole chamber. The passage of blood into the posterior aorta could be restricted by the protuberances on its wall. 5. Pericardial cavity pressure rose by about 5 cm H2O at shell valve adduction and o-25-O'6 cm HaO at ventricular diastole. 6. Pulse pressure changes of o-25-o6 cm H2O occurred in the auricle and 1-3 cm H2O in the ventricle and anterior aorta.
Journal of Experimental Biology
1. In isolated heart preparations of Helix pomatia perfused with Hedon Fleig solution, a minimum ... more 1. In isolated heart preparations of Helix pomatia perfused with Hedon Fleig solution, a minimum of 5% Helix blood was necessary for sustained rhythmical beating. 2. In the absence of the first aortic valve the heart was unable to pump fluid against negative pressure gradient, the frequency of beat was directly proportional and the amplitude of beat inversely proportional to the arterial pressure while the frequency was inversely proportional to the venous pressure. 3. When the first aortic valve was included in the preparation the heart pumped efficiently and the frequency response was reversed in each case.
Journal of Experimental Biology, Oct 1, 1973
Chromatographia, 1994
A recirculating system powered by a diaphragm pump which may be readily dismantled for cleaning, ... more A recirculating system powered by a diaphragm pump which may be readily dismantled for cleaning, is described. The results of operating this system for dynamic headspace sampling in the closed or open mode to load volatiles onto a Tenax trap over a range of temperatures and loading volumes are shown. The system was designed to facilitate the analysis of volatiles in natural products and tested using an equimolar solution of 7 esters of boiling points ranging from 120°C to 299°C. The results showed that compounds in the boiling point range 120–200°C could be loaded onto the trap at 30°C by passing 1–21 of carrier gas through. In order to trap compounds of boiling points approaching 300°C, a temperature of 50–70°C and a loading volume of 2.5–3 1 was necessary. Using the apparatus, human sweat was analysed to show the degree of concentration possible with a natural sample and the variation in the chromatogram profiles of successive trapping from the same sample. Twelve chromatograms from the sweat of two pairs of identical twins were pattern matched to show the high degree of reproducibility possible using this apparatus to trap biological volatiles.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1998
Awareness is defined here as a state in which complex brain analysis is used to process sensory s... more Awareness is defined here as a state in which complex brain analysis is used to process sensory stimuli or constructs based on memory. Awareness is described using five headings: unaware, perceptual awareness, cognitive awareness, assessment awareness and executive awareness. Examples are given and awareness in man and other animals compared. The mechanisms of olfactory awareness are briefly reviewed and then
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1998
Awareness is defined here as a state in which complex brain analysis is used to process sensory s... more Awareness is defined here as a state in which complex brain analysis is used to process sensory stimuli or constructs based on memory. Awareness is described using five headings: unaware, perceptual awareness, cognitive awareness, assessment awareness and executive awareness. Examples are given and awareness in man and other animals compared. The mechanisms of olfactory awareness are briefly reviewed and then
Calcified Tissue Research, 1976
SUMMARY 1. The rate of heart beat increased with temperature and was three times as high in the a... more SUMMARY 1. The rate of heart beat increased with temperature and was three times as high in the active as in the inactive animal. 2. The rate of shell valve movement rose and the rate of heart beat fell when the foot was extended. 3. The rates of heart beat and shell valve movement decreased when the water was saturated
Journal of Experimental Biology, Oct 1, 1973
Journal of Experimental Biology, Oct 1, 1973
Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 9, 2001
... on Human-Animal Interactions, Prague (poster, abstract). Papi, F., and WallratT, HG, 1992, Bi... more ... on Human-Animal Interactions, Prague (poster, abstract). Papi, F., and WallratT, HG, 1992, Birds. In Animal Homing (F. Papi. ed.), London: Chapman and Hall, UK.Patterson, RLS. 1968. Identification of 3-hydroxy-5-androst-16 ...
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Olfaction, pheromones, animals as sniffers by Barbara A Sommerville
Papers by Barbara A Sommerville