Aquaculture, the fastest growing food-producing sub-sector of agriculture, significantly contribu... more Aquaculture, the fastest growing food-producing sub-sector of agriculture, significantly contributes to the nutrition of the growing population. Shrimp is an important aquaculture product, however, diseases limit the commercial production of shrimp. An infectious bacterial disease called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) occurring huge mortality and thus economic losses in global shrimp industry since 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of AHPND possess non-inherent plasmid-encoded PirA and PirB genes producing PirA and PirB toxins, respectively. The inherent virulence factors of the pathogen, in combination with toxins, were considered to occur AHPND in shrimps. Traditional use of antibiotics in controlling bacterial diseases is no longer recommended due to human health and environmental concerns. In recent years, there is a growing interest in using plant-derived phenolic compounds as an alternative to antibiotics because of their multidimensional benefits. In this study, we examined the efficacy of phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, in controlling AHPND in an axenic Artemia franciscana and AHPND causing V. parahaemolyticus MO904 host ̶ pathogen model system. The results showed dose-dependent significant protection to the host, with the highest protection at 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol. This dose did not affect the growth of the pathogen but significantly inhibited several tested virulence factor production namely swimming motility, caseinase activity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production of V. parahaemolyticus MO904; and markedly reduced the production of extracellular proteins in the bacteria culture environment both after 12 and 24 hours of exposure. Although the effects of phloroglucinol on PirA and PirB still needed to be unravelled, presumably the compound might have inhibitory effect on the production of PirA and PirB along with other extracellular proteins. In conclusion, a 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol at least partially protected the host against AHPND infection due to its anti-virulence property.
Aquaculture, the fastest growing food-producing sub-sector of agriculture, significantly contribu... more Aquaculture, the fastest growing food-producing sub-sector of agriculture, significantly contributes to the nutrition of the growing population. Shrimp is an important aquaculture product, however, diseases limit the commercial production of shrimp. An infectious bacterial disease called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) occurring huge mortality and thus economic losses in global shrimp industry since 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of AHPND possess non-inherent plasmid-encoded PirA and PirB genes producing PirA and PirB toxins, respectively. The inherent virulence factors of the pathogen, in combination with toxins, were considered to occur AHPND in shrimps. Traditional use of antibiotics in controlling bacterial diseases is no longer recommended due to human health and environmental concerns. In recent years, there is a growing interest in using plant-derived phenolic compounds as an alternative to antibiotics because of their multidimensional benefits. In this study, we examined the efficacy of phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, in controlling AHPND in an axenic Artemia franciscana and AHPND causing V. parahaemolyticus MO904 host ̶ pathogen model system. The results showed dose-dependent significant protection to the host, with the highest protection at 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol. This dose did not affect the growth of the pathogen but significantly inhibited several tested virulence factor production namely swimming motility, caseinase activity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production of V. parahaemolyticus MO904; and markedly reduced the production of extracellular proteins in the bacteria culture environment both after 12 and 24 hours of exposure. Although the effects of phloroglucinol on PirA and PirB still needed to be unravelled, presumably the compound might have inhibitory effect on the production of PirA and PirB along with other extracellular proteins. In conclusion, a 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol at least partially protected the host against AHPND infection due to its anti-virulence property.
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disease (AHPND) occurring huge mortality and thus economic losses in global shrimp industry since 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of AHPND possess non-inherent plasmid-encoded PirA and PirB genes producing PirA and PirB toxins, respectively. The inherent virulence factors of the pathogen, in combination with toxins, were considered to occur AHPND in shrimps. Traditional use of
antibiotics in controlling bacterial diseases is no longer recommended due to human health and environmental concerns. In recent years, there is a growing interest in using plant-derived phenolic compounds as an alternative to antibiotics because of their multidimensional benefits. In this study, we examined the efficacy of phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, in controlling AHPND in an axenic
Artemia franciscana and AHPND causing V. parahaemolyticus MO904 host ̶ pathogen model system. The results showed dose-dependent significant protection to the host, with the highest protection at 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol. This dose did not affect the growth of the pathogen but significantly inhibited several tested virulence factor production namely swimming motility, caseinase activity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production of V. parahaemolyticus MO904; and markedly reduced the production of extracellular proteins in the bacteria culture environment both after 12 and 24 hours of exposure. Although the effects of phloroglucinol on PirA and PirB still needed to be unravelled, presumably the
compound might have inhibitory effect on the production of PirA and PirB along with other extracellular proteins. In conclusion, a 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol at least partially protected the host against AHPND
infection due to its anti-virulence property.
disease (AHPND) occurring huge mortality and thus economic losses in global shrimp industry since 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of AHPND possess non-inherent plasmid-encoded PirA and PirB genes producing PirA and PirB toxins, respectively. The inherent virulence factors of the pathogen, in combination with toxins, were considered to occur AHPND in shrimps. Traditional use of
antibiotics in controlling bacterial diseases is no longer recommended due to human health and environmental concerns. In recent years, there is a growing interest in using plant-derived phenolic compounds as an alternative to antibiotics because of their multidimensional benefits. In this study, we examined the efficacy of phloroglucinol, a phenolic compound, in controlling AHPND in an axenic
Artemia franciscana and AHPND causing V. parahaemolyticus MO904 host ̶ pathogen model system. The results showed dose-dependent significant protection to the host, with the highest protection at 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol. This dose did not affect the growth of the pathogen but significantly inhibited several tested virulence factor production namely swimming motility, caseinase activity, biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production of V. parahaemolyticus MO904; and markedly reduced the production of extracellular proteins in the bacteria culture environment both after 12 and 24 hours of exposure. Although the effects of phloroglucinol on PirA and PirB still needed to be unravelled, presumably the
compound might have inhibitory effect on the production of PirA and PirB along with other extracellular proteins. In conclusion, a 2 μM dose of phloroglucinol at least partially protected the host against AHPND
infection due to its anti-virulence property.