Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy contain... more AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy containing Gliricidia sepium leaves that has potential-induced epidermal stem cells producing. It determined its effect on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad-3, β-catenin, LGR-6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months (150–200g) were used and were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines). The treatment of ointment was applied to the wound for 3 days. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: G. sepium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves were higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leav...
Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against Oesaphagustomum... more Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against Oesaphagustomum dentatum sensitive (ODSEns) larvae for their anthelmintic effects. The plant species evaluated were Ananas comosus, Chrysophyllum cainito,Gliricidia sepium, Annona squamosa, Moringa oleifera, Tinospora rumphii Boerl,Azadirachta indica, Trichantera gigantea and Leuacaena leucocephala. The leaves of the plants gathered from Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines, were dried under room temperature for 30 days and then ground. Aqueous extracts of these plant leaves were prepared using migration buffer. In vitro migration and inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against exsheathed third stage larvae of Oesophagustomum dentatum. The experiments were put in 24-well plates at room temperature with four replications per treatment using different concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml. About 120 larvae per well were deposited on a larval migration apparatus consisting of 20 ...
Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, whic... more Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, which can be triggered by various microorganisms and toxic secretions. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. Diabetes is closely related to sepsis. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), r...
The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different nonpermeating cryoprotectants for... more The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different nonpermeating cryoprotectants for freezing buck semen. Semen samples were collected from three healthy bucks and were evaluated for volume, color, consistency, pH, motility and concentration. Samples with 60% and above motility were allocated to the following treatments of Tris-Citric Acid-Fructose –Raffinose-Glycerol-based extenders: T1 – 5% egg yolk; T2 – 10% egg yolk; T3 – 15% egg yolk; T4 – 20% egg yolk; T5 – 2.5% goat serum; T6 – 5% goat serum; T7 – 10% goat serum; T8 – 10mg Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA); T9 – 30 mg BSA; and T10 – 50 mg BSA. Post-thawing evaluation revealed that extenders with 5% egg yolk (T1), 2.5% goat serum (T5), and 30 mg BSA (T9) yielded high rates of sperm motility and acrosome integrity. In terms of the proportion of live sperm at post thawing, 5% egg yolk was found significantly higher than 2.5% goat serum and 30 mg BSA. Moreover, cost analysis revealed that supplementation with 5% egg yolk wa...
Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical... more Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical to subtropical areas. It has been used as a medicinal ingredient and in rodenticides by local communities in both Indonesia and the Philippines. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing effects of an ointment containing G. sepium leaves on inflammatory cells using a rat model. We also determined its effect on the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β. Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically. Result...
Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical... more Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical to subtropical areas. It has been used as a medicinal ingredient and in rodenticides by local communities in both Indonesia and the Philippines. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing effects of an ointment containing G. sepium leaves on inflammatory cells using a rat model. We also determined its effect on the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β.
Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically.
Results: G. sepium leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of inflammatory cells, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves was higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines. The leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory agents to enhance the wound healing process.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that G. sepium leaves from both the Philippines and Indonesia possess wound healing properties.
Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, whic... more Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, which can be triggered by various microorganisms and toxic secretions. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. Diabetes is closely related to sepsis. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), rats inoculated with S. aureus with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL on day 8 given IP and observed sepsis conditions on day 10th. Treatment group (D, E, and F): Rats given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8th by IP and measured blood glucose on day 10th, then inoculated with S. aureus with different concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL on the 10th day, respectively, and were later observed the condition of sepsis on day 12th. Data on diabetes bacteremia were quantitative used blood glucose levels, the bacterial count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test with a confidence level of 95%. Physical examination (temperature and respiration) is qualitative.
Results: Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and CRP levels were not significantly different at all.
Conclusion: Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs.
Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against dentatum sensit... more Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against dentatum sensitive (ODSEns) larvae for their anthelmintic effects. The plant species evaluated were Ananas comosus, Chrysophyllum cainito, Gliricidia sepium, Tinospora rumphii Boerl, Azadirachta indica, Trichantera gigantea and Leucaena leucocephala. The leaves of the plants gathered from Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines, were dried under room temperature for 30 days and then ground. Aqueous extracts of these plant leaves were prepared using migration buffer. In vitro migration and inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against the exshaethed third stage larvae of Oesophagustomum dentatum. The experiments were put into 24-well plates at room temperature with four replications per treatment using different concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml. About 120 larvae per well were deposited on a larval migration apparatus consisting of 20 um nylon mesh filters and incubated 20 hours under different treatments and another 2 hours to allow the migration of active motile larvae. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers on inhibited karvae under the different treatments. The percentage inhibition were statistically analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA (P=≤.0001) of the Graph Pad Prizm software (V5 San Diego, Ca). The most effective leaves with their highest inhibition level were from Ananas comosus (pineapple, 86.59%), Gliceridia sepium (Madre de cacao, 84.50%), Chrysophyllum cainito (star apple, 83.75%), Moringa oleifera (horseradish, 58.75%), Annona squamosa (sweet sop, 56.00%) , Tinosphora rumphii Boerl (makabuhay, 55.75%) and Azadirachta indica (Neem, 51.50%)whereby extremely significant (P=≤.0001) effect against O. dentatum larvae. Two leaves extracts, from Tricahnatera gigantea and Leucaena leucocephala have no significant effect on O. dentatum larvae. The larval migration assay allows initial studies on the anthelmintic effects of the herbs.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy contain... more AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy containing Gliricidia sepium leaves that has potential-induced epidermal stem cells producing. It determined its effect on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad-3, β-catenin, LGR-6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months (150–200g) were used and were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines). The treatment of ointment was applied to the wound for 3 days. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: G. sepium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves were higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leav...
Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against Oesaphagustomum... more Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against Oesaphagustomum dentatum sensitive (ODSEns) larvae for their anthelmintic effects. The plant species evaluated were Ananas comosus, Chrysophyllum cainito,Gliricidia sepium, Annona squamosa, Moringa oleifera, Tinospora rumphii Boerl,Azadirachta indica, Trichantera gigantea and Leuacaena leucocephala. The leaves of the plants gathered from Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines, were dried under room temperature for 30 days and then ground. Aqueous extracts of these plant leaves were prepared using migration buffer. In vitro migration and inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against exsheathed third stage larvae of Oesophagustomum dentatum. The experiments were put in 24-well plates at room temperature with four replications per treatment using different concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml. About 120 larvae per well were deposited on a larval migration apparatus consisting of 20 ...
Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, whic... more Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, which can be triggered by various microorganisms and toxic secretions. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. Diabetes is closely related to sepsis. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), r...
The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different nonpermeating cryoprotectants for... more The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different nonpermeating cryoprotectants for freezing buck semen. Semen samples were collected from three healthy bucks and were evaluated for volume, color, consistency, pH, motility and concentration. Samples with 60% and above motility were allocated to the following treatments of Tris-Citric Acid-Fructose –Raffinose-Glycerol-based extenders: T1 – 5% egg yolk; T2 – 10% egg yolk; T3 – 15% egg yolk; T4 – 20% egg yolk; T5 – 2.5% goat serum; T6 – 5% goat serum; T7 – 10% goat serum; T8 – 10mg Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA); T9 – 30 mg BSA; and T10 – 50 mg BSA. Post-thawing evaluation revealed that extenders with 5% egg yolk (T1), 2.5% goat serum (T5), and 30 mg BSA (T9) yielded high rates of sperm motility and acrosome integrity. In terms of the proportion of live sperm at post thawing, 5% egg yolk was found significantly higher than 2.5% goat serum and 30 mg BSA. Moreover, cost analysis revealed that supplementation with 5% egg yolk wa...
Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical... more Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical to subtropical areas. It has been used as a medicinal ingredient and in rodenticides by local communities in both Indonesia and the Philippines. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing effects of an ointment containing G. sepium leaves on inflammatory cells using a rat model. We also determined its effect on the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β. Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically. Result...
Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical... more Background and Aim: Gliricidia sepium is a medium-sized leguminous plant found widely in tropical to subtropical areas. It has been used as a medicinal ingredient and in rodenticides by local communities in both Indonesia and the Philippines. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing effects of an ointment containing G. sepium leaves on inflammatory cells using a rat model. We also determined its effect on the expression of interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β.
Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically.
Results: G. sepium leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of inflammatory cells, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves was higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines. The leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory agents to enhance the wound healing process.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that G. sepium leaves from both the Philippines and Indonesia possess wound healing properties.
Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, whic... more Background and Aim: Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, which can be triggered by various microorganisms and toxic secretions. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. Diabetes is closely related to sepsis. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), rats inoculated with S. aureus with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL on day 8 given IP and observed sepsis conditions on day 10th. Treatment group (D, E, and F): Rats given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8th by IP and measured blood glucose on day 10th, then inoculated with S. aureus with different concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL on the 10th day, respectively, and were later observed the condition of sepsis on day 12th. Data on diabetes bacteremia were quantitative used blood glucose levels, the bacterial count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test with a confidence level of 95%. Physical examination (temperature and respiration) is qualitative.
Results: Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and CRP levels were not significantly different at all.
Conclusion: Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs.
Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against dentatum sensit... more Nine aqueous extracts of plant leaves from the Philippines were evaluated against dentatum sensitive (ODSEns) larvae for their anthelmintic effects. The plant species evaluated were Ananas comosus, Chrysophyllum cainito, Gliricidia sepium, Tinospora rumphii Boerl, Azadirachta indica, Trichantera gigantea and Leucaena leucocephala. The leaves of the plants gathered from Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines, were dried under room temperature for 30 days and then ground. Aqueous extracts of these plant leaves were prepared using migration buffer. In vitro migration and inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against the exshaethed third stage larvae of Oesophagustomum dentatum. The experiments were put into 24-well plates at room temperature with four replications per treatment using different concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml. About 120 larvae per well were deposited on a larval migration apparatus consisting of 20 um nylon mesh filters and incubated 20 hours under different treatments and another 2 hours to allow the migration of active motile larvae. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers on inhibited karvae under the different treatments. The percentage inhibition were statistically analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA (P=≤.0001) of the Graph Pad Prizm software (V5 San Diego, Ca). The most effective leaves with their highest inhibition level were from Ananas comosus (pineapple, 86.59%), Gliceridia sepium (Madre de cacao, 84.50%), Chrysophyllum cainito (star apple, 83.75%), Moringa oleifera (horseradish, 58.75%), Annona squamosa (sweet sop, 56.00%) , Tinosphora rumphii Boerl (makabuhay, 55.75%) and Azadirachta indica (Neem, 51.50%)whereby extremely significant (P=≤.0001) effect against O. dentatum larvae. Two leaves extracts, from Tricahnatera gigantea and Leucaena leucocephala have no significant effect on O. dentatum larvae. The larval migration assay allows initial studies on the anthelmintic effects of the herbs.
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Papers by Ma Asuncion Beltran
Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically.
Results: G. sepium leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of inflammatory cells, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves was higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines. The leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory agents to enhance the wound healing process.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that G. sepium leaves from both the Philippines and Indonesia possess wound healing properties.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), rats inoculated with S. aureus with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL on day 8 given IP and observed sepsis conditions on day 10th. Treatment group (D, E, and F): Rats given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8th by IP and measured blood glucose on day 10th, then inoculated with S. aureus with different concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL on the 10th day, respectively, and were later observed the condition of sepsis on day 12th. Data on diabetes bacteremia were quantitative used blood glucose levels, the bacterial count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test with a confidence level of 95%. Physical examination (temperature and respiration) is qualitative.
Results: Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and CRP levels were not significantly different at all.
Conclusion: Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs.
active motile larvae. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers on inhibited karvae under the different treatments. The percentage inhibition were statistically analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA
(P=≤.0001) of the Graph Pad Prizm software (V5 San Diego, Ca). The most effective leaves with their highest inhibition level were from Ananas comosus (pineapple, 86.59%), Gliceridia sepium (Madre de cacao, 84.50%), Chrysophyllum cainito (star apple, 83.75%), Moringa oleifera (horseradish, 58.75%), Annona squamosa (sweet sop, 56.00%)
, Tinosphora rumphii Boerl (makabuhay, 55.75%) and Azadirachta indica (Neem, 51.50%)whereby extremely significant (P=≤.0001) effect against O. dentatum larvae. Two leaves extracts, from Tricahnatera gigantea and Leucaena leucocephala have no significant effect on O. dentatum larvae. The larval migration assay allows initial studies on the anthelmintic effects of the herbs.
Materials and Methods: We used 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months and weighing 150-200 g. They were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines), and the ointment therapies were applied to wounds for 3 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the inflammatory cells microscopically. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were observed immunohistochemically.
Results: G. sepium leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of inflammatory cells, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves was higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines. The leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory agents to enhance the wound healing process.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that G. sepium leaves from both the Philippines and Indonesia possess wound healing properties.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), rats inoculated with S. aureus with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL on day 8 given IP and observed sepsis conditions on day 10th. Treatment group (D, E, and F): Rats given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8th by IP and measured blood glucose on day 10th, then inoculated with S. aureus with different concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL on the 10th day, respectively, and were later observed the condition of sepsis on day 12th. Data on diabetes bacteremia were quantitative used blood glucose levels, the bacterial count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test with a confidence level of 95%. Physical examination (temperature and respiration) is qualitative.
Results: Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and CRP levels were not significantly different at all.
Conclusion: Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs.
active motile larvae. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers on inhibited karvae under the different treatments. The percentage inhibition were statistically analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA
(P=≤.0001) of the Graph Pad Prizm software (V5 San Diego, Ca). The most effective leaves with their highest inhibition level were from Ananas comosus (pineapple, 86.59%), Gliceridia sepium (Madre de cacao, 84.50%), Chrysophyllum cainito (star apple, 83.75%), Moringa oleifera (horseradish, 58.75%), Annona squamosa (sweet sop, 56.00%)
, Tinosphora rumphii Boerl (makabuhay, 55.75%) and Azadirachta indica (Neem, 51.50%)whereby extremely significant (P=≤.0001) effect against O. dentatum larvae. Two leaves extracts, from Tricahnatera gigantea and Leucaena leucocephala have no significant effect on O. dentatum larvae. The larval migration assay allows initial studies on the anthelmintic effects of the herbs.