Accurate species delimitation is critical for biodiversity conservation. Integrative taxonomy has... more Accurate species delimitation is critical for biodiversity conservation. Integrative taxonomy has been advocated for a long time, yet tools allowing true integration of genetic and phenotypic data have been developed quite recently and applied to few models, especially in plants. In this study, we investigated species boundaries within a group of twelve Pseudophrys taxa from France by analyzing genetic, morphometric and chemical (i.e., floral scents) data in a Bayesian framework using the program integrated Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (iBPP). We found that these twelve taxa were merged into four species when only genetic data were used, while most formally described species were recognized as such when only phenotypic (either morphometric or chemical) data were used. The result of the iBPP analysis performed on both genetic and phenotypic data supports the proposal to merge Ophrys bilunulata and O. marmorata on the one hand, and O. funerea and O. zonata on the other ha...
Characterising phenotypic differentiation is crucial to understand which traits are involved in p... more Characterising phenotypic differentiation is crucial to understand which traits are involved in population divergence and establish the evolutionary scenario underlying the speciation process. Species harbouring a disjunct spatial distribution or cryptic taxa suggest that scientists often fail to detect subtle phenotypic differentiation at first sight. We used image-based analyses coupled with a simple machine learning algorithm to test whether we could distinguish two vicariant population groups of an orchid species complex known to be difficult to tease apart based on morphological criteria. To assess whether these groups can be distinguished on the basis of their phenotypes, and to highlight the traits likely to be the most informative in supporting a putative differentiation, we (i) photographed and measured a set of 109 individuals in the field, (ii) extracted morphometric, colour, and colour pattern information from pictures, and (iii) used random forest algorithms for classif...
The Mediterranean region under climate change, 2016
Introduction Pollination is crucial for both crop production and the conservation of wild floweri... more Introduction Pollination is crucial for both crop production and the conservation of wild flowering plants. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a ubiquitous pollinator and is the dominant pollinator to more than half animal-pollinated crops (Klein et al. 2007), even though wild pollinators are essential to provide optimal pollination services in many crops, not to mention natural vegetation (Garibaldi et al. 2013). However, there is a global decline of insect pollinators across Europe (Potts et ..
Interactions between orchid and pollinator species. Data from the literature. Full_database: data... more Interactions between orchid and pollinator species. Data from the literature. Full_database: database with 243 orchid species and 773 pollinator species. Reduced_database: database with 153 orchid species (i.e. orchid species for which phylogenetic data were available) and 726 pollinator specie
The Mediterranean region under climate change, 2016
The time has come to document patterns of biodiversity variation in the Mediterranean A major iss... more The time has come to document patterns of biodiversity variation in the Mediterranean A major issue in ecology is understanding the drivers of temporal changes in the spatial distribution patterns of species. Species are distributed in space in response to a restricted range of compatible conditions defined by their ecological niche (Chase and Leibold, 2003), but also in response to long-term environmental changes (Blondel et al. 2010). Given the currently accelerating global environmental ch..
L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est d’etudier la relation entre la qualite du materiau bois ... more L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est d’etudier la relation entre la qualite du materiau bois de construction des ruches et les conditions de vie internes des abeilles, envisagee comme source de solutions a certains stress actuels (parasitisme par Varroa destructor, secheresses) auxquelles les colonies en voie de disparition doivent faire face. Notre methode de travail consiste a s’appuyer sur des savoirs techniques locaux recoltes au moyen d’enquetes anthropologiques de terrain pour construire les questions de recherche et bâtir les protocoles experimentaux. Les hypotheses en cours de test concernent l’influence : des extractibles du bois de châtaignier sur le comportement de Varroa destructor ; du materiau de la ruche (bois, polystyrene) sur le climat hygrothermique interne. Afin d’etudier la dynamique d’evolution de la population du varroa, un outil de comptage automatise base sur l’apprentissage supervise est en cours de developpement en collaboration avec une entreprise spec...
EnglishMicro-insularity is often marked by a singular biodiversity in regards to its composition ... more EnglishMicro-insularity is often marked by a singular biodiversity in regards to its composition and its dynamics in comparison to the neighboring and largest islands or the continent; Cavallo Island follows this rule. I explored this island in mid-March 2014 focusing on the family of Orchidaceae. / revealed here an astonishing abundance of the species Gennaria diphylla, and l estimated that the total number of indi viduals is comprised between 3210 and 5350 in this island. Another surprise is that the species grows two new habitats of open area for this species, the first one corresponding to beaten earth floor and the second in a curious coexistence with hottentot-fig (Carpobrotus edulis), which is one of the main invasive species in the Mediterranean coasts. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain this micro-insular abundance (particular biotic interactions, lack of herbivory and destruction by wild boars, low human impact, local adaption in two new hab itats, synergy among these different factors). With two thirds of individuals of G. diphylla at the national scale, the conservation of its popu- lations in Cavallo Island has a huge patrimonial responsibility. However, this island being almost totally private and outside the natural reserve, this regionally protected orchid species is cer tainly the one with the least control and the least possibility of management by the French State. Thus, an ecological restoration project on this island would be very relevant for the conser vation of this rare orchid and of its populations adapted to two hitherto unknown habitats. francaisLe milieu micro-insulaire est souvent marque par une biodiversite singuliere dans sa composition et sa dynamique en comparaison de celle des iles plus vastes ou du continent voisin ; l'ile de Cavallo ne deroge pas a cette regle. Cette ile a ete exploree a la mi-mars 2014, avec un focus ici sur sa flore en orchidees. Cette prospection orchidophile a revele une etonnante abondance de l'espece Gennaria diphylla, dont l'effectif total sur l'ile de Cavallo est estime entre 3 210 et 5 350 individus. Non moins surprenant, deux nouveaux habitats de milieux ouverts ont ete mis en evidence pour cette espece, le premier correspondant a des zones de terre retournee et nue et le second etant marque par une curieuse coexistence avec les griffes-de-sorciere (Carpobrotus edulis), une espece envahissante majeure des cotes mediterraneennes. Plusieurs hypotheses sont proposees pour expliquer cette abondance micro-insulaire : interactions biotiques particulieres, absence d'herbivorie et de destruction par les sangliers, faible impact humain, adaptation locale a deux nouveaux habitats, synergie entre ces divers facteurs. Avec environ deux tiers des individus de G. diphylla a l'echelle de la France, la conservation de ces populations sur l'ile de Cavallo revet une tres forte responsabilite patrimoniale. Cette ile etant cependant pratiquement entierement privee et en dehors de la reserve naturelle proche, il s'agit surement la de l'espece d'orchidee en protection regionale pour laquelle l'Etat francais a le moins de controle et de possibilite d'inter vention. Ainsi, un projet de restauration ecologique sur cette ile serait tres pertinent pour la conservation de cette orchidee rare et celle de ses populations adaptees a deux habitats inedits.
La Corse, une région particulièrement riche en orchidées Voici quelques chiffres pour la France m... more La Corse, une région particulièrement riche en orchidées Voici quelques chiffres pour la France mé-tropolitaine : le nombre d'espèces par région présente un gradient important du nord-ouest au sud-est, avec environ une quarantaine d'es-pèces pour chaque région de la Bretagne au Nord-Pas-de-Calais alors qu'il existe plus d'une centaine d'espèces en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (108) et en Languedoc-Roussillon (106). Avec 79 espèces, la région Corse se situe en cinquième position dans ce classement. Mais elle est très nettement en tête si l'on rapporte ce nombre à la surface régionale (densité régionale) avec 9 espèces pour 1 000 km². Elle est également sur le podium pour le nombre d'espèces en protection nationale (avec 14 es-pèces), mais très loin en tête pour le nombre d'espèces présentes en France dans une seule région administrative. En effet, 20 espèces (et sous-espèces) sont uniquement présentes en
Conservation of Lady's slipper in France: assessment and recommendation. The lady's slipp... more Conservation of Lady's slipper in France: assessment and recommendation. The lady's slipper is a terrestrial orchid with high patrimonial value. During the 20 th century, an alarming decline was observed in Europe. We establish an assessment of 46 French populations for the first decade of the 21th century. Surveys were performed in 2012 and 2013 on sites previously investigated between 1999 and 2002. The statistical analysis of the data allows proposing recommendations for conservation management. Résumé – Le Sabot de Vénus est une orchidée terrestre à forte valeur patrimoniale. Durant le 20 e siècle, un déclin alarmant a été observé en Europe. Nous avons cherché à établir un diagnostic pour 46 stations françaises de Sabots de Vénus pour la première décennie du 21 e siècle. Des suivis ont été menés sur des sites préalablement suivis entre 1999 et 2002. L'analyse statistique des données permet de proposer des mesures de gestion conservatoire.
Accurate species delimitation is critical for biodiversity conservation. Integrative taxonomy has... more Accurate species delimitation is critical for biodiversity conservation. Integrative taxonomy has been advocated for a long time, yet tools allowing true integration of genetic and phenotypic data have been developed quite recently and applied to few models, especially in plants. In this study, we investigated species boundaries within a group of twelve Pseudophrys taxa from France by analyzing genetic, morphometric and chemical (i.e., floral scents) data in a Bayesian framework using the program integrated Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (iBPP). We found that these twelve taxa were merged into four species when only genetic data were used, while most formally described species were recognized as such when only phenotypic (either morphometric or chemical) data were used. The result of the iBPP analysis performed on both genetic and phenotypic data supports the proposal to merge Ophrys bilunulata and O. marmorata on the one hand, and O. funerea and O. zonata on the other ha...
Characterising phenotypic differentiation is crucial to understand which traits are involved in p... more Characterising phenotypic differentiation is crucial to understand which traits are involved in population divergence and establish the evolutionary scenario underlying the speciation process. Species harbouring a disjunct spatial distribution or cryptic taxa suggest that scientists often fail to detect subtle phenotypic differentiation at first sight. We used image-based analyses coupled with a simple machine learning algorithm to test whether we could distinguish two vicariant population groups of an orchid species complex known to be difficult to tease apart based on morphological criteria. To assess whether these groups can be distinguished on the basis of their phenotypes, and to highlight the traits likely to be the most informative in supporting a putative differentiation, we (i) photographed and measured a set of 109 individuals in the field, (ii) extracted morphometric, colour, and colour pattern information from pictures, and (iii) used random forest algorithms for classif...
The Mediterranean region under climate change, 2016
Introduction Pollination is crucial for both crop production and the conservation of wild floweri... more Introduction Pollination is crucial for both crop production and the conservation of wild flowering plants. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a ubiquitous pollinator and is the dominant pollinator to more than half animal-pollinated crops (Klein et al. 2007), even though wild pollinators are essential to provide optimal pollination services in many crops, not to mention natural vegetation (Garibaldi et al. 2013). However, there is a global decline of insect pollinators across Europe (Potts et ..
Interactions between orchid and pollinator species. Data from the literature. Full_database: data... more Interactions between orchid and pollinator species. Data from the literature. Full_database: database with 243 orchid species and 773 pollinator species. Reduced_database: database with 153 orchid species (i.e. orchid species for which phylogenetic data were available) and 726 pollinator specie
The Mediterranean region under climate change, 2016
The time has come to document patterns of biodiversity variation in the Mediterranean A major iss... more The time has come to document patterns of biodiversity variation in the Mediterranean A major issue in ecology is understanding the drivers of temporal changes in the spatial distribution patterns of species. Species are distributed in space in response to a restricted range of compatible conditions defined by their ecological niche (Chase and Leibold, 2003), but also in response to long-term environmental changes (Blondel et al. 2010). Given the currently accelerating global environmental ch..
L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est d’etudier la relation entre la qualite du materiau bois ... more L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est d’etudier la relation entre la qualite du materiau bois de construction des ruches et les conditions de vie internes des abeilles, envisagee comme source de solutions a certains stress actuels (parasitisme par Varroa destructor, secheresses) auxquelles les colonies en voie de disparition doivent faire face. Notre methode de travail consiste a s’appuyer sur des savoirs techniques locaux recoltes au moyen d’enquetes anthropologiques de terrain pour construire les questions de recherche et bâtir les protocoles experimentaux. Les hypotheses en cours de test concernent l’influence : des extractibles du bois de châtaignier sur le comportement de Varroa destructor ; du materiau de la ruche (bois, polystyrene) sur le climat hygrothermique interne. Afin d’etudier la dynamique d’evolution de la population du varroa, un outil de comptage automatise base sur l’apprentissage supervise est en cours de developpement en collaboration avec une entreprise spec...
EnglishMicro-insularity is often marked by a singular biodiversity in regards to its composition ... more EnglishMicro-insularity is often marked by a singular biodiversity in regards to its composition and its dynamics in comparison to the neighboring and largest islands or the continent; Cavallo Island follows this rule. I explored this island in mid-March 2014 focusing on the family of Orchidaceae. / revealed here an astonishing abundance of the species Gennaria diphylla, and l estimated that the total number of indi viduals is comprised between 3210 and 5350 in this island. Another surprise is that the species grows two new habitats of open area for this species, the first one corresponding to beaten earth floor and the second in a curious coexistence with hottentot-fig (Carpobrotus edulis), which is one of the main invasive species in the Mediterranean coasts. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain this micro-insular abundance (particular biotic interactions, lack of herbivory and destruction by wild boars, low human impact, local adaption in two new hab itats, synergy among these different factors). With two thirds of individuals of G. diphylla at the national scale, the conservation of its popu- lations in Cavallo Island has a huge patrimonial responsibility. However, this island being almost totally private and outside the natural reserve, this regionally protected orchid species is cer tainly the one with the least control and the least possibility of management by the French State. Thus, an ecological restoration project on this island would be very relevant for the conser vation of this rare orchid and of its populations adapted to two hitherto unknown habitats. francaisLe milieu micro-insulaire est souvent marque par une biodiversite singuliere dans sa composition et sa dynamique en comparaison de celle des iles plus vastes ou du continent voisin ; l'ile de Cavallo ne deroge pas a cette regle. Cette ile a ete exploree a la mi-mars 2014, avec un focus ici sur sa flore en orchidees. Cette prospection orchidophile a revele une etonnante abondance de l'espece Gennaria diphylla, dont l'effectif total sur l'ile de Cavallo est estime entre 3 210 et 5 350 individus. Non moins surprenant, deux nouveaux habitats de milieux ouverts ont ete mis en evidence pour cette espece, le premier correspondant a des zones de terre retournee et nue et le second etant marque par une curieuse coexistence avec les griffes-de-sorciere (Carpobrotus edulis), une espece envahissante majeure des cotes mediterraneennes. Plusieurs hypotheses sont proposees pour expliquer cette abondance micro-insulaire : interactions biotiques particulieres, absence d'herbivorie et de destruction par les sangliers, faible impact humain, adaptation locale a deux nouveaux habitats, synergie entre ces divers facteurs. Avec environ deux tiers des individus de G. diphylla a l'echelle de la France, la conservation de ces populations sur l'ile de Cavallo revet une tres forte responsabilite patrimoniale. Cette ile etant cependant pratiquement entierement privee et en dehors de la reserve naturelle proche, il s'agit surement la de l'espece d'orchidee en protection regionale pour laquelle l'Etat francais a le moins de controle et de possibilite d'inter vention. Ainsi, un projet de restauration ecologique sur cette ile serait tres pertinent pour la conservation de cette orchidee rare et celle de ses populations adaptees a deux habitats inedits.
La Corse, une région particulièrement riche en orchidées Voici quelques chiffres pour la France m... more La Corse, une région particulièrement riche en orchidées Voici quelques chiffres pour la France mé-tropolitaine : le nombre d'espèces par région présente un gradient important du nord-ouest au sud-est, avec environ une quarantaine d'es-pèces pour chaque région de la Bretagne au Nord-Pas-de-Calais alors qu'il existe plus d'une centaine d'espèces en Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (108) et en Languedoc-Roussillon (106). Avec 79 espèces, la région Corse se situe en cinquième position dans ce classement. Mais elle est très nettement en tête si l'on rapporte ce nombre à la surface régionale (densité régionale) avec 9 espèces pour 1 000 km². Elle est également sur le podium pour le nombre d'espèces en protection nationale (avec 14 es-pèces), mais très loin en tête pour le nombre d'espèces présentes en France dans une seule région administrative. En effet, 20 espèces (et sous-espèces) sont uniquement présentes en
Conservation of Lady's slipper in France: assessment and recommendation. The lady's slipp... more Conservation of Lady's slipper in France: assessment and recommendation. The lady's slipper is a terrestrial orchid with high patrimonial value. During the 20 th century, an alarming decline was observed in Europe. We establish an assessment of 46 French populations for the first decade of the 21th century. Surveys were performed in 2012 and 2013 on sites previously investigated between 1999 and 2002. The statistical analysis of the data allows proposing recommendations for conservation management. Résumé – Le Sabot de Vénus est une orchidée terrestre à forte valeur patrimoniale. Durant le 20 e siècle, un déclin alarmant a été observé en Europe. Nous avons cherché à établir un diagnostic pour 46 stations françaises de Sabots de Vénus pour la première décennie du 21 e siècle. Des suivis ont été menés sur des sites préalablement suivis entre 1999 et 2002. L'analyse statistique des données permet de proposer des mesures de gestion conservatoire.
In the species-specific and obligate mutualism between the fig (Ficus carica) and its pollinator ... more In the species-specific and obligate mutualism between the fig (Ficus carica) and its pollinator (the fig wasps Blastophaga psenes), a third participant, the ant Crematogaster scutellaris, is a predator of the wasps. Here, we ask how ant workers can rapidly localise such prey, whose availability is limited in time and space. Using a Y-tube olfactometer, we tested ant response to odours emitted by different types of figs (receptive female, ripe female or male figs) and by fig wasps (pollinators or non-pollinators). We demonstrate that ants were significantly attracted only to odours emitted by pollinators, either alone or associated with odours of male figs (releasing wasps). Detection of prey odour by ants is an important trait that can explain their observed high rate of predation on pollinators, and could have important implications on the stability of the fig/fig wasp mutualism.
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