ABSTRACT It is shown that there are several phenomena in continental areas which can not be expla... more ABSTRACT It is shown that there are several phenomena in continental areas which can not be explained by traditional isostasy models. The essential reason for this problem comes from the thermal-caused lithospheric mantle density variation effects on the isostasy models: in traditional isostasy models, effects from mantle lithosphere are excluded. Incorporating the lithospheric mantle effect into the isostasy model, we analyzed the isostasy state of 20 tectonic units in China mainland. It is shown that, in some areas, such as the Tarim Basin, Beishan and Qaidam Basin, although the results derived from the traditional Airy model and lithospheric isostasy model are close, the lithospheric isostasy model can explain the nature of the mass balance in a more reasonable way. Except for the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, the results derived from the lithospheric isostasy model are more close to observed elevations and consistent with vertical velocities of crustal movement in most tectonic units. In general, the lithospheric isostasy model with effects of the mantle density variations being taken into account is always better than the traditional crustal isostasy models. Basing on the analysis on isostatic states, following conclusions can be derived. (1) The degree of isostatic state is relatively higher in stable areas; (2) The present-day crustal movements of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are mainly controlled by regional tectonics and deep dynamic processes. The isostatic adjustment plays only a minor role in the current crustal vertical movement; (3) The tectonic units in which significant vertical movements are observed are in the stage of isostatic adjustment. The magnitudes of isostasy forces are represented by the amount of crustal vertical movement. (4) There is a good correlation between the rate of present-day crustal vertical movement and the differences between the observed elevations and those calculated with the lithospheric isostasy model in stable areas. Based on this relationship, we can obtain the information of the kinematic and geodynamic characteristics by analyzing isostasy states; (5) Mantle contribution to lithospheric isostasy is so important that it should be taken into account in isostasy analysis.
Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA) regulate development and disease via interactions with... more Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA) regulate development and disease via interactions with their protein partners. Expression of the lincRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is elevated in a variety of malignancies and linked to metastasis and poor prognosis. HOTAIR promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in the preclinical studies of cancer through modulation of chromatin modifying complexes. In the current review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of HOTAIR-mediated aggressive phenotypes of cancer, HOTAIR's potential in cancer intervention, and challenges in exploration of HOTAIR in cancer biology.
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, Jan 15, 2014
Recent findings demonstrate that inhaled cigarette smoke, the predominant lung carcinogen, elicit... more Recent findings demonstrate that inhaled cigarette smoke, the predominant lung carcinogen, elicits a T helper 17 (Th17) inflammatory phenotype. Interleukin-17A (IL-17), the hallmark cytokine of Th17 inflammation, displays pro- and antitumorigenic properties in a manner that varies according to tumor type and assay system. To investigate the role of IL-17 in lung tumor growth, we used an autochthonous tumor model (K-Ras(LA1) mice) with lung delivery of a recombinant adenovirus that expresses IL-17A. Virus-mediated expression of IL-17A in K-Ras(LA1) mice at 8-10 wk of age doubled lung tumor growth in 3 wk relative to littermates that received a green fluorescent protein-expressing control adenovirus. IL-17 induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in vivo and in vitro. In accord with this finding, selective and specific inhibitors of MMP-9 repressed the increased motility and invasiveness of IL-17-treated lung tumor cells in culture. Knockdown or mutation of p53 promoted t...
MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) is a key DNA mismatch repair protein. It forms the MSH2-MSH6 (MutSα... more MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) is a key DNA mismatch repair protein. It forms the MSH2-MSH6 (MutSα) and MSH2-MSH3 (MutSβ) heterodimers, which help to ensure genomic integrity. MutSα not only recognizes and repairs mismatched nucleotides but also recognizes DNA adducts induced by DNA-damaging agents, and triggers cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Loss or depletion of MutSα from cells leads to microsatellite instability (MSI) and resistance to DNA damage. Although the level of MutSα can be reduced by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the detailed mechanisms of this regulation remain elusive. Here we report that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) sequentially deacetylates and ubiquitinates MSH2, leading to MSH2 degradation. In addition, HDAC6 significantly reduces cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and decreases cellular DNA mismatch repair activities by downregulation of MSH2. Overall, these findings reveal a mechanism by which proper levels of MutSα are maintained.
Heterogeneous surface expression of Thy-1 in fibroblasts modulates inflammation and may thereby m... more Heterogeneous surface expression of Thy-1 in fibroblasts modulates inflammation and may thereby modulate injury and repair. As a paradigm, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease with pathologic features of chronic inflammation, demonstrate an absence of Thy-1 immunoreactivity within areas of fibrotic activity (fibroblast foci) in contrast to the predominant Thy-1 expressing fibroblasts in the normal lung. Likewise, Thy-1 deficient mice display more severe lung fibrosis in response to an inflammatory injury than wildtype littermates. We investigated the role of Thy-1 in the response of fibroblasts to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. Our study demonstrates distinct profiles of TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in Thy-1 positive (Thy-1+) and negative (Thy-1-) subsets of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). TNF-alpha induced a robust activation of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and the IL-8 promoter driven reporter in Thy-1- MEFs, in contrast to only a modest increase in Thy-1+ ...
This study investigated the antibacterial efficiency of five spice and herb extracts (cinnamon st... more This study investigated the antibacterial efficiency of five spice and herb extracts (cinnamon stick, oregano, clove, pomegranate peel, and grape seed) against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica in cheese at room temperature (~ 23°C). The lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) of cheese was periodically tested by oxidative analyses. The results showed that all five plant extracts were effective against three foodborne pathogens in cheese. Treatments with these extracts increased the stability of cheese against lipid oxidation. Clove showed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The reduction of foodborne pathogen numbers and the inhibition of lipid oxidation in cheese indicated that the extracts of these plants (especially clove) have potential as natural food preservatives.
To elucidate the mechanism by which embryo-resorption and preterm birth were enhanced by pathogen... more To elucidate the mechanism by which embryo-resorption and preterm birth were enhanced by pathogenic CpG motif and to develop a counter strategy for normal pregnancy outcome. This is an animal model-based study. In pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and wild-type (WT) mice in the same strain background, an infection was mimicked by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation through CpG1826-injection. In vivo inactivation of IL-10 was performed to enhance pregnancy loss. Regulatory T cells induced by FTY720 in vitro from splenic CD4+CD25-Foxp3- cells (iTreg cells) were transferred to improve pregnancy outcomes in NOD mice. Embryo-resorption and preterm birth were readily induced by CpG1826 in NOD mice, but not in WT mice. However, inactivation of IL-10 using neutralizing antibody injections enhanced pregnancy loss in WT mice exposed to CpG, while adoptive transfer of iTreg cells increased decidual Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-10+ cell number and rescued pregnancy. NOD mice are prone to abo...
ABSTRACT It is shown that there are several phenomena in continental areas which can not be expla... more ABSTRACT It is shown that there are several phenomena in continental areas which can not be explained by traditional isostasy models. The essential reason for this problem comes from the thermal-caused lithospheric mantle density variation effects on the isostasy models: in traditional isostasy models, effects from mantle lithosphere are excluded. Incorporating the lithospheric mantle effect into the isostasy model, we analyzed the isostasy state of 20 tectonic units in China mainland. It is shown that, in some areas, such as the Tarim Basin, Beishan and Qaidam Basin, although the results derived from the traditional Airy model and lithospheric isostasy model are close, the lithospheric isostasy model can explain the nature of the mass balance in a more reasonable way. Except for the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, the results derived from the lithospheric isostasy model are more close to observed elevations and consistent with vertical velocities of crustal movement in most tectonic units. In general, the lithospheric isostasy model with effects of the mantle density variations being taken into account is always better than the traditional crustal isostasy models. Basing on the analysis on isostatic states, following conclusions can be derived. (1) The degree of isostatic state is relatively higher in stable areas; (2) The present-day crustal movements of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are mainly controlled by regional tectonics and deep dynamic processes. The isostatic adjustment plays only a minor role in the current crustal vertical movement; (3) The tectonic units in which significant vertical movements are observed are in the stage of isostatic adjustment. The magnitudes of isostasy forces are represented by the amount of crustal vertical movement. (4) There is a good correlation between the rate of present-day crustal vertical movement and the differences between the observed elevations and those calculated with the lithospheric isostasy model in stable areas. Based on this relationship, we can obtain the information of the kinematic and geodynamic characteristics by analyzing isostasy states; (5) Mantle contribution to lithospheric isostasy is so important that it should be taken into account in isostasy analysis.
Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA) regulate development and disease via interactions with... more Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA) regulate development and disease via interactions with their protein partners. Expression of the lincRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is elevated in a variety of malignancies and linked to metastasis and poor prognosis. HOTAIR promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in the preclinical studies of cancer through modulation of chromatin modifying complexes. In the current review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of HOTAIR-mediated aggressive phenotypes of cancer, HOTAIR's potential in cancer intervention, and challenges in exploration of HOTAIR in cancer biology.
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, Jan 15, 2014
Recent findings demonstrate that inhaled cigarette smoke, the predominant lung carcinogen, elicit... more Recent findings demonstrate that inhaled cigarette smoke, the predominant lung carcinogen, elicits a T helper 17 (Th17) inflammatory phenotype. Interleukin-17A (IL-17), the hallmark cytokine of Th17 inflammation, displays pro- and antitumorigenic properties in a manner that varies according to tumor type and assay system. To investigate the role of IL-17 in lung tumor growth, we used an autochthonous tumor model (K-Ras(LA1) mice) with lung delivery of a recombinant adenovirus that expresses IL-17A. Virus-mediated expression of IL-17A in K-Ras(LA1) mice at 8-10 wk of age doubled lung tumor growth in 3 wk relative to littermates that received a green fluorescent protein-expressing control adenovirus. IL-17 induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in vivo and in vitro. In accord with this finding, selective and specific inhibitors of MMP-9 repressed the increased motility and invasiveness of IL-17-treated lung tumor cells in culture. Knockdown or mutation of p53 promoted t...
MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) is a key DNA mismatch repair protein. It forms the MSH2-MSH6 (MutSα... more MutS protein homolog 2 (MSH2) is a key DNA mismatch repair protein. It forms the MSH2-MSH6 (MutSα) and MSH2-MSH3 (MutSβ) heterodimers, which help to ensure genomic integrity. MutSα not only recognizes and repairs mismatched nucleotides but also recognizes DNA adducts induced by DNA-damaging agents, and triggers cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Loss or depletion of MutSα from cells leads to microsatellite instability (MSI) and resistance to DNA damage. Although the level of MutSα can be reduced by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the detailed mechanisms of this regulation remain elusive. Here we report that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) sequentially deacetylates and ubiquitinates MSH2, leading to MSH2 degradation. In addition, HDAC6 significantly reduces cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and decreases cellular DNA mismatch repair activities by downregulation of MSH2. Overall, these findings reveal a mechanism by which proper levels of MutSα are maintained.
Heterogeneous surface expression of Thy-1 in fibroblasts modulates inflammation and may thereby m... more Heterogeneous surface expression of Thy-1 in fibroblasts modulates inflammation and may thereby modulate injury and repair. As a paradigm, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease with pathologic features of chronic inflammation, demonstrate an absence of Thy-1 immunoreactivity within areas of fibrotic activity (fibroblast foci) in contrast to the predominant Thy-1 expressing fibroblasts in the normal lung. Likewise, Thy-1 deficient mice display more severe lung fibrosis in response to an inflammatory injury than wildtype littermates. We investigated the role of Thy-1 in the response of fibroblasts to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. Our study demonstrates distinct profiles of TNF-alpha-activated gene expression in Thy-1 positive (Thy-1+) and negative (Thy-1-) subsets of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). TNF-alpha induced a robust activation of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and the IL-8 promoter driven reporter in Thy-1- MEFs, in contrast to only a modest increase in Thy-1+ ...
This study investigated the antibacterial efficiency of five spice and herb extracts (cinnamon st... more This study investigated the antibacterial efficiency of five spice and herb extracts (cinnamon stick, oregano, clove, pomegranate peel, and grape seed) against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica in cheese at room temperature (~ 23°C). The lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) of cheese was periodically tested by oxidative analyses. The results showed that all five plant extracts were effective against three foodborne pathogens in cheese. Treatments with these extracts increased the stability of cheese against lipid oxidation. Clove showed the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The reduction of foodborne pathogen numbers and the inhibition of lipid oxidation in cheese indicated that the extracts of these plants (especially clove) have potential as natural food preservatives.
To elucidate the mechanism by which embryo-resorption and preterm birth were enhanced by pathogen... more To elucidate the mechanism by which embryo-resorption and preterm birth were enhanced by pathogenic CpG motif and to develop a counter strategy for normal pregnancy outcome. This is an animal model-based study. In pregnant nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and wild-type (WT) mice in the same strain background, an infection was mimicked by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation through CpG1826-injection. In vivo inactivation of IL-10 was performed to enhance pregnancy loss. Regulatory T cells induced by FTY720 in vitro from splenic CD4+CD25-Foxp3- cells (iTreg cells) were transferred to improve pregnancy outcomes in NOD mice. Embryo-resorption and preterm birth were readily induced by CpG1826 in NOD mice, but not in WT mice. However, inactivation of IL-10 using neutralizing antibody injections enhanced pregnancy loss in WT mice exposed to CpG, while adoptive transfer of iTreg cells increased decidual Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-10+ cell number and rescued pregnancy. NOD mice are prone to abo...
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