The objective of this article is to present a number of objects that represent a variety of aspec... more The objective of this article is to present a number of objects that represent a variety of aspects of ancient Egyptian art of the Middle Kingdom, royal and private, major and so-called minor.
The assumprion that Mentuhotep's active life continued into the reign of Amenemhat II has been ba... more The assumprion that Mentuhotep's active life continued into the reign of Amenemhat II has been based on a misinterpretation of a group of signs on the soulders of his statues.
0BJECTS OF DAILY USE are designed primarily for their functional aspect. A jar, for example, must... more 0BJECTS OF DAILY USE are designed primarily for their functional aspect. A jar, for example, must hold its contents, and a mirror must reflect the image of the user. In ancient Egypt, however, many everyday articles were made of such beautiful materials and designed in such imaginative forms that their utilitarian purposes seem almost secondary. Blue-anhydrite duck flasks epitomize the combination of utility and charm that characterizes these containers. They are to be dated to the late Second Intermediate Period and Dynasty XVII and are early examples of a thematic development that expanded during Dynasty XVIII.
Summary: This small Middle Kingdom sculpture is approximately
datable to the reign of King Amenem... more Summary: This small Middle Kingdom sculpture is approximately datable to the reign of King Amenemhat II and is one of the earliest preserved block statues. The inscription added hundreds of years after the statue’s creation, sometime between the Ramesside Period and the Third Intermediate Period reflects the regard in which the object was held, even in ancient times. Keywords: block statue – Middle Kingdom – offering formula – reuse – usurpation
A fine limestone bust, presumably
broken from a seated statue, offers tantalizing
clues to the i... more A fine limestone bust, presumably broken from a seated statue, offers tantalizing clues to the identity of the person it represents. Stylistic features and the man’s attire, taken together, identify the subject as one of the viziers who served Amenhotep III.
The bust of a royal woman lost during World War II, Berlin 14475, can now be identified as the la... more The bust of a royal woman lost during World War II, Berlin 14475, can now be identified as the late Dynasty Twelve Queen, Neferusobek, the second ruling queen of Egypt.
A Middle Kingdom statue in the British Museum depicting a cloaked and striding individual project... more A Middle Kingdom statue in the British Museum depicting a cloaked and striding individual projects into three-dimension a representation of cloaked priest known from a single Old Kingdom representation in a private tomb, and several Heb.sed scenes.
Progress made in the understanding and dating Middle Kingdom royal sculpture since the publicatio... more Progress made in the understanding and dating Middle Kingdom royal sculpture since the publication of the Louvre sphinx in 1996 make it possible to look at the sculpture of Sesostris I and Amenemhat II with a fresh eye.
The Post-modern assualt on traditional approaches to ancient Egypt art continues. The most recen... more The Post-modern assualt on traditional approaches to ancient Egypt art continues. The most recent calls for distinguishing between "Egyptological art" and Egyptian images," denying that ancient Egyptian sculpture, painting, and relief are art and calling for specialists to dispense with "den Kuntbegriff und den musealen Blick." So the characterizartion of Kai Widmaier's dissertation that has recently appeared as a monograph PdÄ 35 (2017).
A fragmentary royal head worked in greywacke in Hannover is probably the head to a fragmentary He... more A fragmentary royal head worked in greywacke in Hannover is probably the head to a fragmentary Hed-Sed statue in Luxor (?) variously attributed Amenhotep III and Tutankhamen. Archaizing features, the crown and the cloak, have in part led to the misattributions.
Several well published sculptures attributed variously to the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and La... more Several well published sculptures attributed variously to the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Late Period are re-examined with the benefit of additional knowledge. It is suggested that two "Old Kingdom" royal sculptures are actually Middle Kingdom, that the bust of a man most recently assiged to the Middle Kingdom is actually Twenty-fifth Dynasty as originally suggested, and that the criteria used to attribute a royal head to the Thirteenth Dynasty are insufficient and thus its dating remains open to discussion.
This ONGOING RESEARCH presents preliminary findings about a fragment from a dyad that once depict... more This ONGOING RESEARCH presents preliminary findings about a fragment from a dyad that once depicted King Amenhotep III accompanying the archaizing upper body of the lunar god Shepsi. Shepsi’s torso is all that has been identified of the original statue.
A bust of the Custodian of the Seal of Senwosret I, Mentuhotep, published by the author in 1993 i... more A bust of the Custodian of the Seal of Senwosret I, Mentuhotep, published by the author in 1993 is stylistically contemporary with a life sized head of a man that may also represent the well-known official.
The small scale head of a lion deity previously identified as Sekhmet is tentatively identified a... more The small scale head of a lion deity previously identified as Sekhmet is tentatively identified as Bastet. An inscribed base naming Bastet, Mistress of the Heb-Sed-Festival commissioned by Amenhotep III may be part of the original statue.
The objective of this article is to present a number of objects that represent a variety of aspec... more The objective of this article is to present a number of objects that represent a variety of aspects of ancient Egyptian art of the Middle Kingdom, royal and private, major and so-called minor.
The assumprion that Mentuhotep's active life continued into the reign of Amenemhat II has been ba... more The assumprion that Mentuhotep's active life continued into the reign of Amenemhat II has been based on a misinterpretation of a group of signs on the soulders of his statues.
0BJECTS OF DAILY USE are designed primarily for their functional aspect. A jar, for example, must... more 0BJECTS OF DAILY USE are designed primarily for their functional aspect. A jar, for example, must hold its contents, and a mirror must reflect the image of the user. In ancient Egypt, however, many everyday articles were made of such beautiful materials and designed in such imaginative forms that their utilitarian purposes seem almost secondary. Blue-anhydrite duck flasks epitomize the combination of utility and charm that characterizes these containers. They are to be dated to the late Second Intermediate Period and Dynasty XVII and are early examples of a thematic development that expanded during Dynasty XVIII.
Summary: This small Middle Kingdom sculpture is approximately
datable to the reign of King Amenem... more Summary: This small Middle Kingdom sculpture is approximately datable to the reign of King Amenemhat II and is one of the earliest preserved block statues. The inscription added hundreds of years after the statue’s creation, sometime between the Ramesside Period and the Third Intermediate Period reflects the regard in which the object was held, even in ancient times. Keywords: block statue – Middle Kingdom – offering formula – reuse – usurpation
A fine limestone bust, presumably
broken from a seated statue, offers tantalizing
clues to the i... more A fine limestone bust, presumably broken from a seated statue, offers tantalizing clues to the identity of the person it represents. Stylistic features and the man’s attire, taken together, identify the subject as one of the viziers who served Amenhotep III.
The bust of a royal woman lost during World War II, Berlin 14475, can now be identified as the la... more The bust of a royal woman lost during World War II, Berlin 14475, can now be identified as the late Dynasty Twelve Queen, Neferusobek, the second ruling queen of Egypt.
A Middle Kingdom statue in the British Museum depicting a cloaked and striding individual project... more A Middle Kingdom statue in the British Museum depicting a cloaked and striding individual projects into three-dimension a representation of cloaked priest known from a single Old Kingdom representation in a private tomb, and several Heb.sed scenes.
Progress made in the understanding and dating Middle Kingdom royal sculpture since the publicatio... more Progress made in the understanding and dating Middle Kingdom royal sculpture since the publication of the Louvre sphinx in 1996 make it possible to look at the sculpture of Sesostris I and Amenemhat II with a fresh eye.
The Post-modern assualt on traditional approaches to ancient Egypt art continues. The most recen... more The Post-modern assualt on traditional approaches to ancient Egypt art continues. The most recent calls for distinguishing between "Egyptological art" and Egyptian images," denying that ancient Egyptian sculpture, painting, and relief are art and calling for specialists to dispense with "den Kuntbegriff und den musealen Blick." So the characterizartion of Kai Widmaier's dissertation that has recently appeared as a monograph PdÄ 35 (2017).
A fragmentary royal head worked in greywacke in Hannover is probably the head to a fragmentary He... more A fragmentary royal head worked in greywacke in Hannover is probably the head to a fragmentary Hed-Sed statue in Luxor (?) variously attributed Amenhotep III and Tutankhamen. Archaizing features, the crown and the cloak, have in part led to the misattributions.
Several well published sculptures attributed variously to the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and La... more Several well published sculptures attributed variously to the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Late Period are re-examined with the benefit of additional knowledge. It is suggested that two "Old Kingdom" royal sculptures are actually Middle Kingdom, that the bust of a man most recently assiged to the Middle Kingdom is actually Twenty-fifth Dynasty as originally suggested, and that the criteria used to attribute a royal head to the Thirteenth Dynasty are insufficient and thus its dating remains open to discussion.
This ONGOING RESEARCH presents preliminary findings about a fragment from a dyad that once depict... more This ONGOING RESEARCH presents preliminary findings about a fragment from a dyad that once depicted King Amenhotep III accompanying the archaizing upper body of the lunar god Shepsi. Shepsi’s torso is all that has been identified of the original statue.
A bust of the Custodian of the Seal of Senwosret I, Mentuhotep, published by the author in 1993 i... more A bust of the Custodian of the Seal of Senwosret I, Mentuhotep, published by the author in 1993 is stylistically contemporary with a life sized head of a man that may also represent the well-known official.
The small scale head of a lion deity previously identified as Sekhmet is tentatively identified a... more The small scale head of a lion deity previously identified as Sekhmet is tentatively identified as Bastet. An inscribed base naming Bastet, Mistress of the Heb-Sed-Festival commissioned by Amenhotep III may be part of the original statue.
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Papers by Biri Fay
datable to the reign of King Amenemhat II
and is one of the earliest preserved block statues. The inscription
added hundreds of years after the statue’s creation,
sometime between the Ramesside Period and the
Third Intermediate Period reflects the regard in which
the object was held, even in ancient times.
Keywords: block statue – Middle Kingdom – offering
formula – reuse – usurpation
broken from a seated statue, offers tantalizing
clues to the identity of the person it represents.
Stylistic features and the man’s attire, taken together,
identify the subject as one of the viziers
who served Amenhotep III.
Drafts by Biri Fay
datable to the reign of King Amenemhat II
and is one of the earliest preserved block statues. The inscription
added hundreds of years after the statue’s creation,
sometime between the Ramesside Period and the
Third Intermediate Period reflects the regard in which
the object was held, even in ancient times.
Keywords: block statue – Middle Kingdom – offering
formula – reuse – usurpation
broken from a seated statue, offers tantalizing
clues to the identity of the person it represents.
Stylistic features and the man’s attire, taken together,
identify the subject as one of the viziers
who served Amenhotep III.