CLAUDIO MARCELO VASQUEZ ZALDIVAR

he Errazuriz's house is a project designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret in 1930. The client was a Chilean diplomat named Matias Errazuriz Ortuzar. The commission was made in a very specific and special moment: the first visit of Le Corbusier to South America in 1929. This trip became a moment of synthesis in his architectural thought, recapitulated in ten lectures given in Buenos Aires and transcripted in the book "Precisions sur un etat present de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme", published in 1930. Matias Errazuriz was a member of one of the most important Chilean family's, whose members include two Presidents of the Republic, several Parliament members and religious authorities. He was married to a very important lady of the Argentinean's society, Josefina Alvear, whose family also had a President among its members. The Errazuriz Alvear family used to live both in Europe and America in the beginning of the nineteen century, cultivating a very enthusiastic relation with the artistic avantgarde of the moment. This way of life allowed them to put together a very important art collection, which was the base of the current Decorative Arts Museum of Argentina, created in 1937 and located at the Errazuriz Alvear family palace in Buenos Aires. The project commissioned to Le Corbusier was a weekend house to be built in Zapallar, a very exclusive coast summer town in the centre zone of Chile. The relations between Matias Errazuriz and Le Corbusier can be deduced from different archive documents in the Le Corbusier Foundation in Paris, such as the contract, drawings registering their first meeting and the design process of the project sent to the client, the calendar of the trip registered in his Diary, and many other kind of documents explaining in different ways the trip and design details. The interest of this project is twofold: as of general interest, it is considered as the representative project of a moment of technical inflection in the archit

Green screen facades (GSF) remain an unexplored field of study in warm-summer climates with Mediterranean conditions. This research aims to establish whether or not these thermal comfort facade systems are worth developing in cities with dry summers and a high range of thermal oscillation. A comparative study of four buildings´ green screen facades in Santiago de Chile was carried out, with different orientations and plant species, both in type and state of maturity. Temperature and relative humidity outside and inside the cavity were measured during summer days. It was observed that, during the day, interior relative humidity was higher while the temperature was lower, reverting this behaviour during the afternoon and night. This result accounts for the existence of two different daily periods: passive cooling through evapotranspiration in the presence of solar radiation - reaching up to an 8°C temperature reduction and a 30% increase of the relative humidity - and passive heating ...

El artículo aborda la introducción del hormigón armado en tres edificios públicos significativos de la ciudad de Santiago, como contribución a la historia de este material en Chile. El texto analiza el rol jugado por el hormigón como material artificial y sus vinculaciones al desarrollo científico y técnico de la industria de la construcción. Las condiciones materiales y productivas, los actores técnicos e institucionales y las circunstancias económicas y sociales son considerados en el análisis. Concretamente, se revisan los casos del Museo y Escuela de Bellas Artes, el Palacio de los Tribunales de Justicia y la Biblioteca Nacional.

Office buildings in Santiago do not respond adequately to their climate context, which brings issues of discomfort at indoor spaces or high energy consumption in order to achieve comfortable conditions. The paper intends to establish certain relationships between several parameters registered on different office buildings in Santiago in order to address the issue about how different variables related to design and operation of the buildings impact on its overall performance. This is carried out via Principal Component Analysis of selected parameters registered inside several floors within representative office building types present in the city. Preliminary findings suggest that internal conditions hold no relation with external parameters due to the reliance on active air-conditioning systems; or with shape parameters registered on-site. On the other hand it is possible to identify occupation as a key parameter on workspace thermal performance and overheating as a relevant issue to...

: This paper is part of an ongoing research related with the study of energy performance of “class A” office buildings constructed in Santiago in the last decade. The work presented is the selection of cases to be studied, considering shape and façade parameters, and the characterization of the thermal behavior registered in summer season. Summer is the most critical season in Santiago because of solar radiation, that is why is critical to have real data to evaluate the situation. The characterization presented show that there are no design criteria applied to ensure an adequate energy performance of “class A” buildings in Santiago.

This paper presents an analysis of the energy performance of office buildings built in Santiago between 2005 and 2011. Based on information collected in-situ with facility managers and municipal archives, a database was developed focused on characterizing the shape, façade systems and energy consumption of the buildings. Different statistical techniques were applied to achieve complete energy consumption data given the difficulty in obtaining consistent information from administrators. The total sample was divided into clusters based on the shape and of façades types, to achieve a coherent explanation of building performance according to its Window to Wall Ratio and façade type.

ABSTRACT Ampliaciones, reformas, demoliciones y reemplazos: todos procesos que van tejiendo la relación entre permanencia y cambio. Ella permite que los edificios reciban sucesivas intervenciones que terminan por transformar la arquitectura en un trabajo coral, donde diferentes " autores " y tiempos se superponen a la manera de un registro que no termina nunca de completarse. Esta obra propone una solución alternativa a la oferta que hace el mercado inmobiliario para una familia joven interesada en vivir en un sector consolidado de la ciudad. La obra consiste en la remodelación y ampliación de una vivienda de 96 m 2 en un piso, construida en albañilería reforzada. En un terreno de 414 m 2 , con 34 m de fondo y 12 m de ancho promedio, la casa completaba la ocupación de suelo permitida por el plan regulador, dejando un antejardín de 13,5 m y un patio posterior de 8 m de profundidad. El problema planteado se puede formular a través de la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo aprovechar toda la extensión del terreno si la vivienda original se encuentra más bien cercana al fondo del sitio y no es posible construir en el primer piso? La respuesta se formalizó a través de un volumen sobrepuesto a la vivienda original en sentido longitudinal que incorpora, a través de volados, espacios intermedios que sin aumentar la ocupación de suelo permiten construir una secuencia de lugares en la longitud del terreno. Esta secuencia está reforzada por un pavimento continuo que conecta, a nivel, interior y exterior. La estructura original fue modificada para aceptar una crujía que aprovechara su máxima luz (4,8 m) en un único recinto que abarca desde el antejardín hasta la piscina. Este segundo piso sobrepuesto se solucionó como una construcción por envolventes, permitiendo el control del ambiente interior a través de la ventilación de las fachadas oriente -poniente y de la cubierta. El volumen se estructura a través de dos muros viga que le permiten volar 3,6 m hacia el antejardín y 3 m hacia al patio posterior. Claudio Vásquez, arquitecto Extensions, remodeling, demolitions and replacements: all processes that weave the relationship between permanence and change. This allows for buildings to undergo successive interventions that turn architecture into a choral undertaking, where different " authors " and rhythms superimpose themselves on one another like a never-ending pitch.