The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy of natrum muriaticum on ovary of female orna... more The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy of natrum muriaticum on ovary of female ornamental fishes like Goldfish, Rosy barb, White Molly and Guppy. The histological sections of ovaries show large number of oocytes in various stages of development. Based on changes in ovary, four oocyte stages have been recorded viz. primary oocyte stage, cortical alveolus stage, vitellogenic stage and mature oocyte stage. Depending upon the stages of oocytes in experimental animals it shows that natrum muriaticum has a greater influence in reproductive cycle. The study therefore suggested that natrum muriaticum has a significant effect on the ovaries and advances the breeding activity faster than the control fishes.
ABSTRACT Mod. 9Cr-1Mo is used as the structural material in the steam generator circuit of liquid... more ABSTRACT Mod. 9Cr-1Mo is used as the structural material in the steam generator circuit of liquid metal-cooled fast breeder reactors. Microstructural modifications on the surface of this steel are investigated after exposing to flowing sodium at a temperature of 798 K (525 °C) for 16000 hours. Sodium exposure results in the carburization of the ferritic steel up to a depth of ~218 µm from the surface. Electron microprobe analysis revealed the existence of two separate zones with appreciable difference in microchemistry within the carburized layer. Differences in the type, morphology, volume fraction, and microchemistry of the carbides present in the two zones are investigated using analytical transmission electron microscopy. Formation of separate zones within the carburized layer is understood as a combined effect of leaching, diffusion of the alloying elements, and thermal aging. Chromium concentration on the surface in the α-phase suggested possible degradation in the corrosion resistance of the steel. Further, concentration-dependent diffusivities for carbon are determined in the base material and carburized zones using Hall’s and den Broeder’s methods, respectively. These are given as inputs for simulating the concentration profiles for carbon using numerical computation technique based on finite difference method. Predicted thickness of the carburized zone agrees reasonably well with that of experiment.
ABSTRACT Spent fuel reprocessing plants of FBRs require advanced structural materials for service... more ABSTRACT Spent fuel reprocessing plants of FBRs require advanced structural materials for service in aggressive conditions. Ti-5Ta-2Nb is a candidate structural material for electrolytic dissolver whereas 304L SS is used for rest of the plant. ‘Zero failure’ requirement for the process vessels necessitated the development of defect free explosive clad between Ti-5Ta-2Nb and 304L SS. The paper deals with the investigations carried out on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the explosive clads, and modification in microstructure on subsequent thermal exposure. The structural integrity of the clad as a consequence of these structure-property changes is also discussed in the paper.
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2008
R Anand, C Sudha, T Karthikeyan, ALE Terrance, S Saroja, M Vijayalakshmi Transactions of the Indi... more R Anand, C Sudha, T Karthikeyan, ALE Terrance, S Saroja, M Vijayalakshmi Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 61:66, 483-486, Indian Institute of Metals, Metal House, Plot 13/4, Block AQ, Sector V, Salt Lake, Calcutta, 700 091, India,, 12/2008. ...
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2010
... Authors also thank Dr. KS Viswanathan and Shri. S. Sriram of Materials Chemistry Division for... more ... Authors also thank Dr. KS Viswanathan and Shri. S. Sriram of Materials Chemistry Division for their help in getting the carbon standards. References ... 4. Race JM and Bhadeshia HKDH, ibid, p 315. 5. Sudha C, Terrance ALE, Albert SK and Vijayalakshmi M, J. Nucl. ...
This paper deals with microstructural studies carried out on an austenitic stainless steel ruptur... more This paper deals with microstructural studies carried out on an austenitic stainless steel rupture disc which was exposed to sodiumwater reaction. The rupture disc was part of a leak simulator put in a micro leak test section which was used to study the 'self wastage'of ...
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2011
... H. Kumar (&) 4 SK Albert 4 C. Sudha 4 R. Vijayashree 4 AK Bhaduri Indira Gandhi Centre fo... more ... H. Kumar (&) 4 SK Albert 4 C. Sudha 4 R. Vijayashree 4 AK Bhaduri Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India e-mail: hemant@igcar.gov.in ... 1. Bhaduri AK, Indira R, Albert SK, Rao BPS, Jain SC, and Asokkumar S, J Nucl Mater 334 (2004) 109. ...
... Characterisation of nickel based hardfacing deposits on austenitic stainless steel CR Das 1 ,... more ... Characterisation of nickel based hardfacing deposits on austenitic stainless steel CR Das 1 , SK Albert 1 , AK Bhaduri* 1 , C. Sudha 2 and ALE Terrance 2 ... Figure 6 shows that both the blocky (Fig. 6a) and needle type (Fig. 6b) precipitates were rich in Cr and poor in Ni. ...
ABSTRACT Ni-based alloys are preferred as structural materials over austenitic stainless steels i... more ABSTRACT Ni-based alloys are preferred as structural materials over austenitic stainless steels in nitrogen containing atmospheres like in neutron detectors due to severe problem of nitriding of stainless steels and subsequent loss of nitrogen. Extensive work has been carried out in literature on the nitriding behavior of austenitic stainless steels whereas similar information on Ni-based alloys is very few. Hence, to assess the nitriding kinetics of a Ni-based alloy (Inconel 600) nitriding experiments were carried out. Inconel 600 was plasma nitrided at temperatures in the range of 450–600 °C for time durations of 1 to 24 h. Evolution of the microstructure and kinetics of nitrided layer formation and its growth were investigated using various experimental techniques like electron probe micro-analysis and electron microscopy. Nitriding at a temperature of 600 °C for 24 h resulted in the formation of a nitrided zone of ~ 14 μm thickness. Inconel 600 was found to get internally nitrided resulting in the formation of nano-meter sized fcc CrN precipitates in Cr depleted Ni–Fe based matrix phase. Diffusion coefficient and activation energy values for the diffusion of nitrogen in fcc Ni-based matrix were evaluated using the studies on kinetics of growth of nitrided layer. These values were compared with the available information in literature on other Ni–Cr–Fe alloys.
ABSTRACT Ti-5Ta-2Nb alloy was clad on 304L austenitic stainless steel (SS) using the explosive cl... more ABSTRACT Ti-5Ta-2Nb alloy was clad on 304L austenitic stainless steel (SS) using the explosive cladding process. Both Ti-5Ta-2Nb and 304L austenitic steel were severely deformed due to high pressure (in the gigapascal range) and strain rate (105/s), which are characteristics of explosive loading conditions. Consequent changes produced in the microstructure and crystal structure of both the alloys are studied using electron microscopy techniques. The microstructure of both Ti-Ta-Nb alloy and 304L steel showed evidence for the passage of the shock waves in the form of a high number density of lattice defects such as dislocations and deformation twins. In addition, both the alloys showed signatures of phase transformation under nonequilibrium conditions resulting in metastable transformation products. 304L SS showed martensitic transformation to both α′(bcc) and ε(hcp) phases. Microscopic shear bands, shear band intersections, and twin boundaries were identified as nucleation sites for the formation of strain-induced phases. Ti-Ta-Nb alloy underwent metastable phase transformation to an fcc phase, which could be associated with regions having a specific morphology.
The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy of natrum muriaticum on ovary of female orna... more The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy of natrum muriaticum on ovary of female ornamental fishes like Goldfish, Rosy barb, White Molly and Guppy. The histological sections of ovaries show large number of oocytes in various stages of development. Based on changes in ovary, four oocyte stages have been recorded viz. primary oocyte stage, cortical alveolus stage, vitellogenic stage and mature oocyte stage. Depending upon the stages of oocytes in experimental animals it shows that natrum muriaticum has a greater influence in reproductive cycle. The study therefore suggested that natrum muriaticum has a significant effect on the ovaries and advances the breeding activity faster than the control fishes.
ABSTRACT Mod. 9Cr-1Mo is used as the structural material in the steam generator circuit of liquid... more ABSTRACT Mod. 9Cr-1Mo is used as the structural material in the steam generator circuit of liquid metal-cooled fast breeder reactors. Microstructural modifications on the surface of this steel are investigated after exposing to flowing sodium at a temperature of 798 K (525 °C) for 16000 hours. Sodium exposure results in the carburization of the ferritic steel up to a depth of ~218 µm from the surface. Electron microprobe analysis revealed the existence of two separate zones with appreciable difference in microchemistry within the carburized layer. Differences in the type, morphology, volume fraction, and microchemistry of the carbides present in the two zones are investigated using analytical transmission electron microscopy. Formation of separate zones within the carburized layer is understood as a combined effect of leaching, diffusion of the alloying elements, and thermal aging. Chromium concentration on the surface in the α-phase suggested possible degradation in the corrosion resistance of the steel. Further, concentration-dependent diffusivities for carbon are determined in the base material and carburized zones using Hall’s and den Broeder’s methods, respectively. These are given as inputs for simulating the concentration profiles for carbon using numerical computation technique based on finite difference method. Predicted thickness of the carburized zone agrees reasonably well with that of experiment.
ABSTRACT Spent fuel reprocessing plants of FBRs require advanced structural materials for service... more ABSTRACT Spent fuel reprocessing plants of FBRs require advanced structural materials for service in aggressive conditions. Ti-5Ta-2Nb is a candidate structural material for electrolytic dissolver whereas 304L SS is used for rest of the plant. ‘Zero failure’ requirement for the process vessels necessitated the development of defect free explosive clad between Ti-5Ta-2Nb and 304L SS. The paper deals with the investigations carried out on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the explosive clads, and modification in microstructure on subsequent thermal exposure. The structural integrity of the clad as a consequence of these structure-property changes is also discussed in the paper.
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2008
R Anand, C Sudha, T Karthikeyan, ALE Terrance, S Saroja, M Vijayalakshmi Transactions of the Indi... more R Anand, C Sudha, T Karthikeyan, ALE Terrance, S Saroja, M Vijayalakshmi Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 61:66, 483-486, Indian Institute of Metals, Metal House, Plot 13/4, Block AQ, Sector V, Salt Lake, Calcutta, 700 091, India,, 12/2008. ...
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2010
... Authors also thank Dr. KS Viswanathan and Shri. S. Sriram of Materials Chemistry Division for... more ... Authors also thank Dr. KS Viswanathan and Shri. S. Sriram of Materials Chemistry Division for their help in getting the carbon standards. References ... 4. Race JM and Bhadeshia HKDH, ibid, p 315. 5. Sudha C, Terrance ALE, Albert SK and Vijayalakshmi M, J. Nucl. ...
This paper deals with microstructural studies carried out on an austenitic stainless steel ruptur... more This paper deals with microstructural studies carried out on an austenitic stainless steel rupture disc which was exposed to sodiumwater reaction. The rupture disc was part of a leak simulator put in a micro leak test section which was used to study the 'self wastage'of ...
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2011
... H. Kumar (&) 4 SK Albert 4 C. Sudha 4 R. Vijayashree 4 AK Bhaduri Indira Gandhi Centre fo... more ... H. Kumar (&) 4 SK Albert 4 C. Sudha 4 R. Vijayashree 4 AK Bhaduri Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India e-mail: hemant@igcar.gov.in ... 1. Bhaduri AK, Indira R, Albert SK, Rao BPS, Jain SC, and Asokkumar S, J Nucl Mater 334 (2004) 109. ...
... Characterisation of nickel based hardfacing deposits on austenitic stainless steel CR Das 1 ,... more ... Characterisation of nickel based hardfacing deposits on austenitic stainless steel CR Das 1 , SK Albert 1 , AK Bhaduri* 1 , C. Sudha 2 and ALE Terrance 2 ... Figure 6 shows that both the blocky (Fig. 6a) and needle type (Fig. 6b) precipitates were rich in Cr and poor in Ni. ...
ABSTRACT Ni-based alloys are preferred as structural materials over austenitic stainless steels i... more ABSTRACT Ni-based alloys are preferred as structural materials over austenitic stainless steels in nitrogen containing atmospheres like in neutron detectors due to severe problem of nitriding of stainless steels and subsequent loss of nitrogen. Extensive work has been carried out in literature on the nitriding behavior of austenitic stainless steels whereas similar information on Ni-based alloys is very few. Hence, to assess the nitriding kinetics of a Ni-based alloy (Inconel 600) nitriding experiments were carried out. Inconel 600 was plasma nitrided at temperatures in the range of 450–600 °C for time durations of 1 to 24 h. Evolution of the microstructure and kinetics of nitrided layer formation and its growth were investigated using various experimental techniques like electron probe micro-analysis and electron microscopy. Nitriding at a temperature of 600 °C for 24 h resulted in the formation of a nitrided zone of ~ 14 μm thickness. Inconel 600 was found to get internally nitrided resulting in the formation of nano-meter sized fcc CrN precipitates in Cr depleted Ni–Fe based matrix phase. Diffusion coefficient and activation energy values for the diffusion of nitrogen in fcc Ni-based matrix were evaluated using the studies on kinetics of growth of nitrided layer. These values were compared with the available information in literature on other Ni–Cr–Fe alloys.
ABSTRACT Ti-5Ta-2Nb alloy was clad on 304L austenitic stainless steel (SS) using the explosive cl... more ABSTRACT Ti-5Ta-2Nb alloy was clad on 304L austenitic stainless steel (SS) using the explosive cladding process. Both Ti-5Ta-2Nb and 304L austenitic steel were severely deformed due to high pressure (in the gigapascal range) and strain rate (105/s), which are characteristics of explosive loading conditions. Consequent changes produced in the microstructure and crystal structure of both the alloys are studied using electron microscopy techniques. The microstructure of both Ti-Ta-Nb alloy and 304L steel showed evidence for the passage of the shock waves in the form of a high number density of lattice defects such as dislocations and deformation twins. In addition, both the alloys showed signatures of phase transformation under nonequilibrium conditions resulting in metastable transformation products. 304L SS showed martensitic transformation to both α′(bcc) and ε(hcp) phases. Microscopic shear bands, shear band intersections, and twin boundaries were identified as nucleation sites for the formation of strain-induced phases. Ti-Ta-Nb alloy underwent metastable phase transformation to an fcc phase, which could be associated with regions having a specific morphology.
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